• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.39-44
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• 2016

Due to the dazzling development of IT in this IT-oriented era, information delivering technology among objects, between objects and humans, and among humans has been actively performed. As information delivery technology has been actively performed, IoT became closely related to our daily lives and ubiquitous at any time and place. Therefore, IoT has become a part of our daily lives. CoAp, a web-based protocol, is mostly used in IoT environment. CoAp protocol is mostly used in the network where transmission speed is low along with the huge loss. Therefore, it is mostly used in IoT environment. However, there is a weakness on IoT that it is weak in security. If security issue occurs in IoT environment, there is a possibility for secret information of individuals or companies to be disclosed. If attackers infect the targeted device, and infected device accesses to the wireless frequently used in public areas, the relevant device sends arp spoofing to other devices in the network. Afterward, infected devices receive the packet sent by other devices in the network after occupying the packet flow in the internal network and send them to the designated hacker's server. This study suggests counter-attacks on this issues and a method of coping with them.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2004

The values of material civilizations that dominated the last century have been replaced with invisible values such as knowledge, information, and culture. The central axis of the world economy is also rapidly shifting from a capital and labor-intensive industry to a knowledge-based industry of software and contents. From the perspective of the industrialization of culture as multinational corporations and dominance and subordination relationships between cultures thereof, and crisis of cultural identity, the issues of support and fostering a culture industry arise. These have become major issues of concern in deciding national policies. In response to this trend, new departments related to culture contents in various universities have been established for fostering manpower in the field and the government policy to foster related human resources. However, actual results have not been currently achieved, despite the increase in quantity. This is due to the fact that the walls between culture contents departments were too high and thus education and fostering excellent human resources have not been properly conducted. It is also due to the obscure direction of education and a deficiency in the system. To cope with these problems, a systematic manpower-fostering education program should be developed through enhancement of the understanding of culture contents via linking education programs with detailed major fields of study. Accordingly, this study aims to identify changes in the current culture contents industry at home and abroad according to digitalization for fostering manpower of culture contents required in a rapidly changing environment of the culture contents industry. Then, it will review what influence has been made on the education system through the identification of personnel types through work flow charts and contents delivery modes following integration, as well as a desirable method to construct culture contents. Therefore, this study is a preliminary study on the means of fostering core personnel in the culture contents industry through linkage with the education system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.9-17
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• 2015

Almost all of the natural gas consumed in South Korea is compressed into very high pressure for the transportation through the underground pipelines, then reduced in pressure regulation stations before delivery to the consumer. For pressure reduction, expansion valves have been used due to the simple and effective installation, but recover none of the energy in the gas during compression. Hence, turbo-expanders are proposed instead of the valves to accomplish the same pressure letdown function and recover some of the compression energy in the form of shaft work converting into electric powers. Here we have theoretically calculated the electric powers at the pressure reduction from 68.7 bar to 23 bar (which are the average values taken at the inlet and outlet points of the expansion valve in medium-pressure regulation stations) according to the inlet conditions of temperature and flow rate. The natural gas is considered as two cases of a pure methane and the mixture of hydrocarbons with a very small amount of nitrogen, and the Peng-Robinson equation of state is employed for the calculation of required thermodynamic properties. The electric energy is recovered as much as 1596 MW(methane) and 1567 MW(mixture) based on the total supply of natural gas in 2013.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2015

Increase of delivery effect of pollutant loads and surface runoff due to urbanization of catchment area results in serious environmental problems in receiving urban streams. This study aims to develop integrated stormwater management system to assist efficient urban stream flow and water quality control using information from the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), real time water level and quality monitoring system and remote or automatic treatment facility control system. Based on field observations in the study site, most of the pollutant loads are flushed within 4 hours of the rainfall event. SWMM simulation results indicates that the treatment system can store up to 6 mm of cumulative rainfall in the study catchment area, and this means any type of normal rainfall situation can be treated using the system. Relationship between rainfall amount and fill time were developed for various rainfall duration for operation of stormwater treatment system in this study. This study can further provide inputs of river water quality model and thus can effectively assist integrated water resources management in urban catchment and streams.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.740-745
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• 2015

This study investigated the effect of different collection methods on physical properties of pectin hydrogels in microfluidic synthetic approach. The pectin hydrogels were simply produced by the incorporation of calcium ions dissolved in continuous mineral oil. Then, different collection methods, pipetting, tubing, and settling, for harvesting pectin hydrogels were applied. The settling method showed most uniform and monodispersed hydrogels. In the case of settling, a coefficient of variation was 3.46 which was lower than pipetting method (18.60) and tubing method (14.76). Under the settling method, we could control the size of hydrogels, ranging from $30{\mu}m$ to $180{\mu}m$, by simple manipulation of the viscosity of pectin and volumetric flow rate of dispersed and continuous phase. Finally, according to the characteristics of simple encapsulation of biological materials, we envision that the pectin hydrogels can be applied to drug delivery, food, and biocompatible materials.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.192-198
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• 2006

Background: Investigating strategy to enhance efficiency of gene transfer via adenovirus is critical to sustain gene expression in targeted cells or tissues to regulate immune responses. However, the use of adenovirus as a gene delivery method has been limited by the native tropism of the virus. In this study, the critical parameter is to improve the efficient binding of viral particles to the plasma membrane prior to cellular uptake. Methods: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) trans-acting activator of transcription (TAT), a protein transduction domain, was fused to the ectodomain of the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR). The CAR-TAT protein was produced from a Drosophila Schneider 2 cells (S2) transfected with CAR-TAT genes. The function of CARTAT was analyzed the efficiency of adenoviral gene transfer by flow cytometry, and then immunizing AdVGFP with CAR-TAT was transduced on dendritic cells (DCs). Results: S2 transfectants secreting CAR-TAT fusion protein has been stable over a period of 6 months and its expression was verified by western blot. Addition of CAR-TAT induced higher transduction efficiency for AdVGFP at every MOI tested. When mice were vaccinated with DC of which adenoviral transduction was mediated by CAR-TAT, the number of IFN-${\gamma}$ secreting T-cells was increased as compared with those DCs transduced without CAR-TAT. Conclusion: Our data provide evidence that CAR-TAT fusion protein enhances adenoviral transduction and immunogenecity of transgenes on DCs and may influence on the development of adenoviral-mediated anti-tumor immunotherapy.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.117-129
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• 1988

Packaged meal manufacturing establishments in Seoul city and Kyungkido province were assessed in terms of the sanitary conditions and practices, time and temperature, and microbiological quality. Sanitary check-lists were developed to evaluate the sanitary condition of sampled packaged meal manufacturing establishments. Microbiological tests on.food containers, equipments, and foods in various phases of product flow were done. The results of the study are summarized as follows; 1) Sanitary condition of kitchen.and sanitary practices of employees in.large and medium establishments were evaluated as the some improvement required in order to meet all standards. But sanitary practices of employees in small establishments were evaluated as the unsatisfactory state with negligence or ignorance of safe practice. 2) The microbiological quality of basic ingredients and food materials after pre-preparation were poor. 3) Time and temperature data indicated that phases of holding ingredients at room temperature after cooking, assembly and packaging before delivery were critical. 4) Microbiological test results for food containers, equipments indicated that sanitary conditions of stainless steel ware, knife, wiping clothes and cutting board should be improved promptly. 5) Critical control points identified were ingredients, pre-preparation, Holding, and assembly and packaging. 6) Guidelines were suggested for effective quality control of packaged meals production.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.555-564
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• 2016

This paper proposes a time slot allocation scheme for military patrol environments. This proposal comes from analysis of traffic properties in a military patrol environment. In the near future, robots are expected to explore enemy grounds and measure threat, taking the place of human patrol. In order to control such robots, control messages must be extremely accurate. One mistake from the control center could cause a tragedy. Thus, high reliability must be guaranteed. Another goal is to maintain a continual flow of multimedia data sent from patrol robots. That is, QoS (Quality of Service) must be guaranteed. In order to transmit data while fulfilling both attributes, the per-path based centralized TDMA slot allocation scheme is recommended. The control center allocates slots to robots allowing synchronization among robots. Slot allocation collisions can also be avoided. The proposed scheme was verified through the ns-3 simulator. The scheme showed a higher packet delivery ratio than the algorithm in comparison. It also performed with shorter delay time in the downlink traffic transmission scenario than the algorithm in comparison.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.617-629
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• 2007

To ensure the microbiological safety of food items prepared after cooking process, this study was aimed to identify the hazards related with cooked foods donated to foodbanks through quantitative microbial analysis. Five foodbanks located in Incheon and Gyeonggi area among government-dominant foodbanks were surveyed from February to June, 2007. Manager, recipient, donator, type and quantity of donated foot and facility and equipment were examined for the general characteristics of foodbank. The time and temperature of food md environment were measured at steps from after-production to before-distribution, and the microbial analysis was performed mainly with indicator organism and major pathogens. The amount of cooked foods donated to each foodbank was about 20 to 30 servings and consisted of 80% of total donated foods. Only three foodbanks had separate offices for foodbank operation and four institutions had at least one temperature-controlled vehicle. The flow of donated foods was gone through the steps; production, meal service and holding at donator, collection by foodbank, transport (or holding after transport) and distribution to recipients. It took about 3.8 to 6.5 hours at room temperature from after-production to before-distribution. Only aerobic plate counts (APC) and coliforms were found in microbial analysis. The APC after production were relatively high in $8.2{\times}10^5,\;7.4{\times}10^5,\;6.9{\times}10^5$ and $4.2{\times}10^5 CFU/g$ while $2.8{\times}10^6, \;9.4{\times}10^5,\;1.0{\times}10^6$ and $5.4{\times}10^5CFU/g$ before distribution in mixed Pimpinella brachycarpa, mixed chard mixed amaranth and mixed spinach, respectively. The levels of coliforms in mixed chard and mixed spinach were complied with the standards of the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Management The level of APC in boiled pork was increased from $< 1.0{\times}10 CFU/g$ to $4.0{\times}10^2 CFU/g$. One of delivery vessels was shown $6.2{\times}10^3 CFU/100 cm^2$ in APC, which was over the standards for environment. One of serving tables also showed the high level of $1.2{\times}10^3 CFU/100 cm^2$ in APC and $6.6{\times}10^2 CFU/100 cm^2$ in coliforms. These results suggest the sanitary management of holding at donator and the time-temperature control are key factors to ensure the safety of cooked foods donated to foodbank.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.3 no.2 s.6
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• pp.101-113
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• 1995

In pipeline planning, the systematic and reasonal management of topographical and spatial data are needed in order to omprove the availibilities for data analysis and the effective combinations of spatial informations. According to that fact, DBMS (Database Management System) and DSS(Decision making Support System) have to be developed for the planning of water supply system Also, the economic selection for harmonious delivery of water to target area, since the alternatives of pre-designed pipeline are influenced by hydraulic stability and geographic characteristics. In this study, GIS technique for water supply planning and management which stores graphic features and attributes as digital data sets is considered and engineering application programs are integrated for effective planning of water supply system. Decision making support system based on analyzing technical, Social and economical aspects is developed for the extension of water supply facilities and pipeline configurations. Especially, Hydraulic, land-use and economic influences are considered as important factors for the purpose of developing the system. Hydraulic analysis program(SAPID) for pipeline flow which is already developed in Water Resources Research Institute and economic analysis program(ECOVEL) are integrated with GIS for resonable decision making. Every possible aspects in pipeline planning for water supply is reviewed and the applicabilities of developed system into the field are evaluated.