• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.438-447
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• 2012

Objective: The objective of this study was to suggest a method through which load duration curve was used to assess the achievement of water quality targets in accordance with the criteria for pollutant load depending on flow rate variation. Methods: The stage-discharge curve and flow duration curve of Jungnang Stream were deduced. Using water quality targets and measurement of the stream, the flow duration curve was also drawn. Based on these, the feasibility of achievement of water quality targets in respect to flow rate was assessed. Results: In terms of the load duration curve of the stream, it was observed that excess of criteria for concentrations of $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$ and SS frequently occurred. On the other hand, when the flow rate was low, the concentrations of T-N and T-P exceeded the criteria. Conclusions: Through the load duration curve, the overall water quality of Jungnang Stream was understood. When the flow rate is high, management of point source of $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$ and SS is needed to achieve water quality targets for Jungnang Stream. On the other hand, when the flow rate is low, the management of non-point source T-N and T-P is necessary to attain the water quality goal.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.106-106
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• 2015

The information of flow regimes continues to be norm in water resource and watershed management, in that stream flow regime is a crucial factor influencing water quality, geomorphology, and the community structure of stream biota. The objectives of this study were to estimate Korean stream flows from landscape variables, classify stream flow gages using hydraulic characteristics, and then apply these methods to ungaged biological monitoring sites for effective ecological assessment. Here I used a linear modeling approach (MLR, PCA, and PCR) to describe and predict seasonal flow statistics from landscape variables. MLR models were successfully built for a range of exceedance discharges and time frames (annual, January, May, July, and October), and these models explained a high degree of the observed variation with r squares ranging from 0.555 (Q95 in January) to 0.899 (Q05 in July). In validation testing, predicted and observed exceedance discharges were all significantly correlated (p<0.01) and for most models no significant difference was found between predicted and observed values (Paired samples T-test; p>0.05). I classified Korean stream flow regimes with respect to hydraulic and hydrologic regime into four categories: flashier and higher-powered (F-HP), flashier and lower-powered (F-LP), more stable and higher-powered (S-HP), and more stable and lower-powered (S-LP). These four categories of Korean streams were related to with the characteristics of environmental variables, such as catchment size, site slope, stream order, and land use patterns. I then applied the models at 684 ungaged biological sampling sites used in the National Aquatic Ecological Monitoring Program in order to classify them with respect to basic hydrologic characteristics and similarity to the government's array of hydrologic gauging stations. Flashier-lower powered sites appeared to be relatively over-represented and more stable-higher powered sites under-represented in the bioassessment data sets.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 수질오염총량관리단위유역의 말단부에서 8일 간격으로 계측된 유량자료가 있을 때 이를 연속적인 일유량으로 확대할 수 있는 방법론을 제시하였다. 이 방법은 부분계측이 이루어지는 지점의 결측치를 인근 혹은 수문학적으로 유사한 지점에서 연속계측된 유량자료를 이용하여 보완하는 방식이다. 이를 위해 먼저 부분계측이 수행된 날짜와 같은 날의 유량을 연속계측자료로부터 추출한다. 그 다음 두 자료간에 상관도가 높다면 이를 잘 표현하는 확장식을 개발하고 이 식을 통해 결측치를 내삽 또는 외삽한다. 본 연구에서는 두 자료간 상관성을 잘 묘사하는 방법으로 분산유지법을 제안하였고, 이를 부분계측과 연속계측이 동시에 수행된 지점의 유량자료를 통해 그 정확성을 검증하였다. 검증된 분산유지법을 이용하여 한강수계 총량관리단위유역 중 15개 유역을 선택하여 각 유역의 말단부에 8일 간격으로 계측된 유량을 연속 일유량으로 확장시켰다. 확장된 자료를 기반으로 유황분석을 통해 저수량을 산정하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.63-74
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• 1999

When a fuel was injected with opening the intake valve of a port fuel injection engine, the spray atomization and flow characteristics in the intake port have a strong influence on the mixture formation of a combustion chamber. Thus , this study was to clarify the spray flow characteristics of the air-assist gasoline spray with fine dropkets across the suction air stream in model intake port. For the simulated opening intake valve in port, suction air stream was varied to 10m/s ∼30m/s. And fuel pressur ewas fixed to 300kPa, but air assist pressure was varied to 0∼25kPa for a vairable spray conditions. Spray flow trajectory was investigated by means of laser sheet visualization and the measurements of droplet sizes and velocities were made by PDPA system. Measured droplets within the spray flow field were subdivided into five size groups and then, the flow characteristics of droplet size groups were investigated to the spray across a suction air stream.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.535-544
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• 2019

We computed parameters that affect velocity distribution by applying Chiu's two-dimensional velocity distribution equation based on the theory of entropy probability and acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) of Jungmun-stream, Akgeun-stream, and Yeonoe-stream among the nine streams in Jeju Province between July 2011 and June 2015. In addition, velocity and flow were calculated using a surface image velocimeter to evaluate the parameters estimated in the velocity observation section of the streams. The mean error rate of flow based on ADCP velocity data was 16.01% with flow calculated using the conventional depth-averaged velocity conversion factor (0.85), 6.02% with flow calculated using the surface velocity and mean velocity regression factor, and 4.58% with flow calculated using Chiu's two-dimensional velocity distribution equation. If surface velocity by a non-contact velocimeter is calculated as mean velocity, the error rate increases for large streams in the inland areas of Korea. Therefore, flow can be calculated precisely by utilizing the velocity distribution equation that accounts for stream flow characteristics and velocity distribution, instead of the conventional depth-averaged conversion factor (0.85).

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2004년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.126-131
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• 2004

The interaction between the hypersonic free stream and the side jet flow at high altitudes is investigated by direct simulation Monte Carlo(DSMC) method. Since there is a great difference in density between the free stream and the side jet flow, the weighting factor technique which could control the number of simulation particles, is applied to calculate these two flows simultaneously. Chemical reactions are not considered in the calculation. For validation, the corner flow passing between a pair of plates that are perpendicularly attached is solved. The side jet flow is then injected into this comer flow and solution is found for the merged flow. Results are compared with the experiments. For a more realistic rocket model, the flow past a blunted cone cylinder shape is solved. The leeward or windward jet injection is merged with this flow. The effect on the rocket surface is observed at various flow angles. The lambda effect and the wake structure are found like low attitudes. High interaction between the free stream and the side jet flow is observed when the side jet is injected in the windward direction.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2001

The aim of this study is to provide fundamental informations that make it possible to use a cool stream and a hot stream simultaneously. We changed the pressure of compressed air that flows into a tube, the inner diameter of orifice that a cold stream exits, and the mass flow rate ratio. And in each case, we measured the temperature of a cold stream and a hot stream in each exit of a tube. Also we measured the axial temperature distribution and the radial temperature distribution in internal space of a tube. From the study, following conclusive remarks can be made. Average flow rate that flows into a tube is in proportion to square root of inlet pressure. As inlet pressure increases axial and radial temperature distribution in the inner space of vortex-tube increase. As mass flow rate ratio change, separation point moves.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2015

This study focuses on whether a physical habitat model, River2D, is useful to assess and design stream restoration. To achieve the aim, the habitat suitability for Zacco Platypus was analyzed using River2D at midstream of the Anyang-Cheon through modifying the low flow channel and changing the flow discharge. The River2D simulation results show that the inhabited environment for Zacco Platypus is improved by increasing the sinuosity of the low flow channel, and vice versa. Also the inhabited environment for Zacco Platypus gets worse when there is no additional flow for maintenance water supply at the stream flowing through cities. In this respect, the physical habitat simulation study based on the River2D model is useful because it provides a practical guidance in designing stream restoration.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.2297-2307
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• 1995

An experimental study on the structure of a separated shear layer downstream of the backward-facing step has been performed by examining mean flow and turbulent quantities in terms of free stream turbulence. When free stream turbulence exists, the entrainment rate of the separated shear layer and the flow rate in the recirculation region are enhanced, resulting in shorter reattachment length. The production and diffusion terms in the turbulent kinetic energy balance are shown to increase more than the dissipation term does. Rapid decrease of the pressure-strain term in the shear stress balance implies the enhancement of the three-dimensional motion by free stream turbulence.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2021년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.878-879
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• 2021

Most state-of-the-art CNNs for action recognition are based on a two-stream architecture: RGB frames stream represents the appearance and the optical flow stream interprets the motion of action. However, the cost of optical flow computation is very high and then it increases action recognition latency. We introduce a design strategy for action recognition inspired by a two-stream network and teacher-student architecture. There are two sub-networks in our neural networks, the optical flow sub-network as a teacher and the RGB frames sub-network as a student. In the training stage, we distill the feature from the teacher as a baseline to train student sub-network. In the test stage, we only use the student so that the latency reduces without computing optical flow. Our experiments show that its advantages over two-stream architecture in both speed and performance.