• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.145-166
• /
• 2017

Objectives : The paper aims to study the philosophical background of Huangdineijing by taking into account the fact that its ideas are identical to that of the period between the Warring States and Han. Methods : Through considering the period and the historical backdrop in which Huangdineijing was published, and through considering the book with other texts such as Huangdisijing, the paper draws the common spirit of the time and analyzed the cause and flow of philosophies and ideas that influenced Huangdineijing. Conclusions : 1. Books that upheld Huangdi contained within Hanshu・Yiwenzhi have a common point with the mythical symbol of Huangdi in that they are related to the rule of a nation and the creation of a civilization. Huangdi, who in Huangdineijing bears a need to be understand at this common point of view. 2. The spirit of the period between Warring States and Han can be deduced as "a movement towards unification" and "the development of a civilization infused with spirit of unification." Such spirit of time are reflected in Huangdineijing as Nine Acupuncture(Official Acupuncture) and the establishment of the measuring standards for meridian, bone, and internal organ, and the establishment of the concept of 'Pyungin.' Especially the construction of waterways that connected Huanghe and Yangzijiang river with their tributaries that formed a direct composition of unification was applied to human body in Huangdineijing, thereby establishing the concept of 'Mai'. 3. Unlike Lao Zhuang School of Taoism was not interested in the act of ruling at all, Huangdineijing and its contemporary publication Huangdisijing, present their readers with Number, Law, Rule, Regulation and Governance. Here, the philosophy and the idea which seek "Law" as the methods of ruling the nation by actively participating in the governance of the nation based on the model of natural law and rule appear. Such philosophy and idea is an evidence of the influence of Fajia in accordance with the social and realistic changes witnessed during the time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.22 no.4 s.75
• /
• pp.147-158
• /
• 2004

A class of SWP(Stochastic Wane Propagation) models microscopically mimics individual vehicles' stochastic behavior and traffic jam propagation with simplified car-following models based on CA(Cellular Automata) theory and macroscopically captures dynamic traffic flow relationships based on statistical physics. SWP model, a program-oriented model using both discrete time-space and integer data structure, can simulate a huge road network with high-speed computing time. However, the model has shortcomings to both the capturing of low speed within a jam microscopically and that of the density and back propagation speed of traffic congestion macroscopically because of the generation of spontaneous jam through unrealistic collision avoidance. In this paper, two additional rules are integrated into the NaSch model. The one is SMR(Stopping Maneuver Rule) to mimic vehicles' stopping process more realistically in the tail of traffic jams. the other is LAR(Low Acceleration Rule) for the explanation of low speed characteristics within traffic jams. Therefore, the CA car-following model with the two rules prevents the lockup condition within a heavily traffic density capturing both the stopping maneuver behavior in the tail of traffic jam and the low acceleration behavior within jam microscopically, and generates more various macroscopic traffic flow mechanism than NaSch model's with the explanation of propagation speed and density of traffic jam.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.295-307
• /
• 1999

Using a Rheometries Fluids Spectrometer (RFS II), the dynamic viscoelastic properties of aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solutions in small amplitude oscillatory shear flow fields have been measured over a wide range of angular frequencies. The angular frequency dependence of the storage and loss moduli at various molecular weights and concentrations was reported in detail, and the result was interpreted using the concept of a Deborah number De. In addition, the experimentally determined critical angular frequency at which the storage and loss moduli become equivalent was compared with the calculated characteristic time (or its inverse value), and their physical significance in analyzing the dynamic viscoelastic behavior was discussed. Finally, the relationship between steady shear flow and dynamic viscoelstic properties was examined by evaluating the applicability of some proposed models that describe the correlations between steady flow viscosity and dynamic viscosity, dynamic fluidity, and complex viscosity. Main results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows: (1) At lower angular frequencies where De<1, the loss modulus is larger than the storage modulus. However, such a relation between the two moduli is reversed at higher angular frequencies where De>l, indicating that the elastic behavior becomes dominant to the viscous behavior at frequency range higher than a critical angular frequency. (2) A critical angular frequency is decreased as an increase in concentration and/or molecular weight. Both the viscous and elastic properties show a stronger dependence on the molecular weight than on the concentration. (3) A characteristic time is increased with increasing concentration and/or molecular weight. The power-law relationship holds between the inverse value of a characteristic time and a critical angular frequency. (4) Among the previously proposed models, the Cox-Merz rule implying the equivalence between the steady flow viscosity and the magnitude of the complex viscosity has the best validity. The Osaki relation can be regarded to some extent as a suitable model. However, the DeWitt, Pao and HusebyBlyler models are not applicable to describe the correlations between steady shear flow and dynamic viscoelastic properties.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.264-284
• /
• 2021

As the next-generation network architecture, software-defined networking (SDN) has great potential. But how to forward data packets safely is a big challenge today. In SDN, packets are transferred according to flow rules which are made and delivered by the controller. Once flow rules are modified, the packets might be redirected or dropped. According to related research, we believe that the key to forward data flows safely is keeping the consistency of flow rules. However, existing solutions place little emphasis on the safety of flow rules. After summarizing the shortcomings of the existing solutions, we propose FRChain to ensure the security of SDN data forwarding. FRChain is a novel scheme that uses blockchain to secure flow rules in SDN and to detect compromised nodes in the network when the proportion of malicious nodes is less than one-third. The scheme places the flow strategies into blockchain in form of transactions. Once an unmatched flow rule is detected, the system will issue the problem by initiating a vote and possible attacks will be deduced based on the results. To simulate the scheme, we utilize BigchainDB, which has good performance in data processing, to handle transactions. The experimental results show that the scheme is feasible, and the additional overhead for network performance and system performance is less than similar solutions. Overall, FRChain can detect suspicious behaviors and deduce malicious nodes to keep the consistency of flow rules in SDN.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.245-251
• /
• 2013

In this paper, the expert system to reduce the amount of food waste is proposed. The method of material flow analysis (MFA) is applied. Proper handling of waste beyond the terms of the need for proactive research been mentioned before, but actually cause the waste generator research focuses on consumer behavior and the business community to analyze the flow of materials within the study are insufficient. In this paper, the type of food consumption and food waste, look at the relationship between the occurrence of secondary schools in the diet is provided for students to examine the preferences of the target model diet expert system was reconfigured. Preference for leaving the food in the diet leads to the important information that is Each diet recipes that make up the target material flow analysis (MFA) was constructed to perform all the database. This database is currently being generated from the rain while cooking diet edible plants and materials to reflect the self-esteem following the recommended diet is used to create. Reducing food waste is actually being used currently in research knowledge to the knowledge base was constructed. Future Home Smart System was developed in conjunction with the system to the user, by providing guidelines for the utilization can be expected.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.73-84
• /
• 2011

Online game market accounts for 56.4% of entire game industry in Korea. MMORPG games account for a great part of online game market which have 45.27%. However, most of them are wholly reliant on their subjective criteria - not general rule or standard in the planning and developing process. For this reason, they can be easily misunderstood imitation game which has no difference or creativeness from masterpiece. In this paper to solve this problem especially deals with the quantification of flow through analysis of MMORPG to propose common information or method of quantitative analysis. The method of quantitative analysis which deals with the quantification of flow through analysis of successful MMORPG verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 2003

This paper presents the results of a comparative study between FEM and LEM on slope stability analysis. For validation, factors of safety were compared between FEM and LEM. The results from the two methods were in good agreement. This suggests that the FEM with the shear strength reduction method can be effectively used on slope stability analyses. A series of analyses were then performed using the FEM for various constitutive laws, slope angles, flow rules, and the finite element discretizations. Among the findings, the finite element method in conjunction with the shear strength reduction method can provide reasonable results in terms of safety. Also revealed is that the results of FEM can be significantly affected by the way in which the type of constitutive law and flow nile we selected.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.27 no.9
• /
• pp.1508-1516
• /
• 2003

In numerical analysis for hydroforming process, the stress calculation is effected by flow stress which is general obtained by stress-strain relationship from uni-axial tension test, so the result of the analysis, especially in tube hydroforming, has limitation of accuracy, tubes are made in roll-forming process and become work-hardened. Then roll forming process causes material properties between rolling direction and circumstantial direction of the tube to be different. So it is difficult to predict material behavior in the process condition of bi-axial stress state. In this study, the flow stress of the tube is determined by inverse engineering approach and bulge test that is widely used for formability test in the condition of bi-axial stress. And Hill's quadratic yield function and flow rule are used to consider the anisotropy of the tube in the roll forming process.

• Lingua Humanitatis
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.123-139
• /
• 2001

In the history of linguistics in the world the scholars in India could be regarded as the representative linguists, who had provided the cornerstone of the academic development at linguistics. Without looking into the contents of Indian linguistic theories devised and developed in the past it would be almost impossible to account for the origin of descriptive linguistics and historical linguistics. These linguistics trends became full-fledged in 19 and 20 century and are still accepted by a lot of researchers in order to analyze newly revealed languages and train students only coming up the toddling level of linguistic studies. In this paper I will show how far the influence of Indian linguistics has colored the flow of linguistic growth historically. Especially through the analysis of Panini grammar I will prove the intimate relationship between the Indian linguistic theory and the generative grammar - it is the most active theory at present. The methods that Panini applied to constitute the rules like sutra include lots of information, that also could be discovered at the rules postulated in the generative grammar. One of the common features found at both linguistic theories is the simplicity of rule representation. At the generative grammar a rule has to be established without any redundancy. When certain number of sounds like p, b, m show the same phonological. change relevant to lips (labial in linguistic term) different rules need not to be given for each sound separately. It is better to find a way of putting the sounds together in a rule with grouping the 3 sounds with the shared phonetic feature 'labial'. In Panini grammar the form of a rule was decided based on the simplicity, too. For example, sutra 6.1.77 shows the phonological connection between the vowels i, u r 1 and the semi-vowels y, v, r, 1. However, it does not require to postulate 4 individual rules respectively. Instead a rule in which the vowels and the semi-vowels are involved is suggested, and linguistically the rule make it clear that the more simpler the rules will be the better they can reflect the efficiency of human language acquisition. Although the systems introduced at Panini grammar have some sense of distance from the language education itself we cannot deny the fact that the grammar formulates the a turning point of linguistic development. It is essential for us to think over the grammar from the view point of the modem linguistic theories to understand their root and trunk more thoroughly. It will also help us to predict in which way linguistic tendency will proceed to in future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 1997.10a
• /
• pp.76-79
• /
• 1997

In this study, an elasto-plastic finite element code, ESFORM, was developed to analyze sheet stamping processes. A formulation of 4-node degenerated shell element was implemented in the code. Workpiece materials were assumed to have planar anisotropy, and governed by associated flow rule. Explicit time integration method was employed to save computation time and reduce the required computer memory. Penalty method was used to describe interface behavior between workpiece and rigid die. Deep drawing of square cup and front finder stamping processes were simulated by ESFORM>