• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2014.03a
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• pp.649-653
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• 2014

채널 내부에 장애물이 존재하는 유동 형태는 다양한 공학적 문제에서 나타나고 있으므로 여러 가지 형상 및 유동 조건에 따른 유동 특성 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 장애물의 형상을 일정한 크기의 원형 실린더로 설정하고 실린더는 위아래 채널 벽 중앙에 위치하도록 하여 2차원 채널 내에 원형 실린더가 존재하는 경우에 대하여 CFD연구를 수행하였다. 실린더와 위아래 채널 벽면과의 거리를 변화시켜 각각의 거리에 대해 유동 재부착 길이, 유동의 주기성, 항력계수 등의 유동 특성을 관찰하였다. 연구결과 각 간격[실린더벽면과 채널벽면간의 거리(G)/실린더지름(d)]이 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 15에 따른 재 부착 지점(Reattachment Length)은 채널 벽면이 실린더로부터 멀어질수록 완전히 열린 유동장에서의 유동 재부착 지점에 수렴해간다는 것을 확인하였다. 즉 거리가 멀어질수록 벽면 영향이 줄어든다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 각각의 경우에 대해 항력계수 값을 구하였고, 이를 완전히 열린 유동장에서의 항력계수 값과 비교해 보았다. 그 결과 벽면으로부터의 떨어진 거리가 5부터 벽면의 효과가 줄어들어 10이상이 되었을 때부터 그 영향이 아주 미미하다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.165-173
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• 1997

The present study investigates heat/mass transfer for flow through perforated plates for application to combustor wall and turbine blade film cooling. The experiments are conducted for hole length to diameter ratios of 0.68 to 1.5, for hole pitch-to-diameter ratios of 1.5 and 3.0, for gap distance between two parallel perforated plates of 1 to 3 hole diameters, and for Reynolds numbers of 60 to 13, 700. Local heat/mass transfer coefficients near and inside the cooling holes are obtained using a naphthalene sublimation technique. Detailed knowledge of the local transfer coefficients is essential to analyze thermal stress in turbine components. The results indicate that the heat/mass transfer coefficients inside the hole surface vary significantly due to flow separation and reattachment. The transfer coefficient near the reattachment point is about four and half times that for a fully developed circular tube flow. The heat/mass transfer coefficient on the leeward surface has the same order as that on the windward surface because of a strong recirculation flow between neighboring jets from the array of holes. For flow through two perforated plate layers, the transfer coefficients on the target surface (windward surface of the second wall) affected by the gap spacing are approximately three to four times higher than that with a single layer.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.437-450
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• 2022

Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) is a significant concern when designing slender structures with square cross sections. VIV strongly depends on structural dynamics and flow states, which depend on the conditions of the approaching flow and shape of a structure. Therefore, the effects of the angle of attack on the coupling effects of VIV for a square cylinder are expected to be significant in practice. In this study, the aerodynamic forces for a fixed and elastically mounted square cylinder were measured using wind pressure tests. Aerodynamic forces on the stationary cylinder are firstly discussed by comparisons of variation of statistical aerodynamic force and wind pressure coefficient with wind angle of attack. The coupling effect between the aerodynamic forces and the motion of the oscillating square cylinder by VIV is subsequently investigated in detail at typical wind angels of attack with occurrence of three typical flow regimes, i.e., leading-edge separation, separation bubble (reattachment), and attached flow. The coupling effect are illustrated by discussing the onset of VIV, characteristics of aerodynamic forces during VIV, and interaction between motion and aerodynamic forces. The results demonstrate that flow states can be classified based on final separation points or the occurrence of reattachment. These states significantly influence coupling effects of the oscillating cylinder. Vibration enhances vortex shedding, which creates strong fluctuations in aerodynamic forces. However, differences in the lock-in range, aerodynamic force, and interaction process for angles of attack smaller and larger than the critical angle of attack revealed noteworthy characteristics in the VIV of a square cylinder.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.194-199
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• 2007

IB (immersed boundary) method is one of the prominent tool in computational fluid dynamics for the analysis of flows over complex geometries. The IB technique simplyfies the solution procedure by eliminating the requirement of complex body fitted grids and it is also superior in terms of memory requirement. In this study we have developed numerical code (FOTRAN) for the analysis of 2D flow over a cylinder using IB technique. The code is validated by comparing the wake lengths and separation angles given by Guo et. al. We employed fractional-step procedure for solving the Navier-Stokes equations governing the flow and discrete forcing IB technique for imposing boundary conditions. Also we have developed a 3D code for the backward-facing-step flow and flow over a sphere. The reattachment length in backward-facing-step flow was compared with the one given by Nie and Armaly, which has proven the validity of our code.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.2851-2856
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• 2007

Flow patterns in the presence of two identical nearby circular cylinders at =100 were numerically studied. We considered all possible arrangements of the two circular cylinders in terms of the distance between the two cylinders and the inclination angle with respect to the direction of the main flow. Eight distinct flow patterns were identified based on vorticity contours and streamlines, which are Base-Bleed, Biased-Base-Bleed, Shear- Layer-Reattachment, Induced-Separation, Vortex-Impingement, Flip-Flopping, Modulated Periodic, and Synchronized-Vortex-Shedding. Collecting all the numerical results, we propose a general flow pattern diagram for flows past the two cylinders. The perfect geometrical symmetry implied in the flow configuration allows one to use this diagram to distinguish flow patterns in the presence of two identical circular cylinders arbitrarily positioned in physical space with respect to the main flow direction.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.724-732
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• 2007

Flow patterns in the presence of two identical nearby circular cylinders at Re=100 were numerically studied. We considered all possible arrangements of the two circular cylinders in terms of the distance between the two cylinders and the inclination angle with respect to the direction of the main flow. Eight distinct flow patterns were identified based on vorticity contours and streamlines, which are Base-Bleed, Biased-Base-Bleed, Shear-Layer-Reattachment, Induced-Separation, Vortex-Impingement, Flip-Flopping, Modulated Periodic, and Synchronized-Vortex-Shedding. Collecting all the numerical results, we propose a general flow pattern diagram for flows past two nearby cylinders. The perfect geometrical symmetry implied in the flow configuration allows one to use this diagram to distinguish flow patterns in the presence of two identical circular cylinders arbitrarily positioned in physical space with respect to the main flow direction.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.65-77
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• 1997

A theoretical and numerical investigation on the boundary-layer flow over a two- or three-dimensional hill is presented. The numerical model is based on the finite volume method with boundary-fitted coordinates. The k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model with modified wall function and the low-Reynolds-number model are employed. The hypothesis of Reynolds number independency for the atmospheric boundary-layer flow over aerodynamically rough terrain is confirmed by the numerical simulation. Comparisons of the mean velocity profiles and surface pressure distributions between the numerical predictions and the wind-tunnel experiments on the flow over a hill show good agreement. The linear theory provides generally good prediction of speed-up characteristics for the gentle-sloped hills. The flow separation occurs in the hill slope of 0.5 and the measured reattachment points are compared with the numerical prediction. It is found that the k- $\varepsilon$ turbulence model is reasonably accurate in predicting the attached flow, while the low- Reynolds-number model is more suitable to simulate the separated flows.ows.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2020

Problems related with flows around structures are typical in various engineering fields. The characteristics of these flow structures depend strongly on the shape of the body. The flow regime around square cylinders which are also employed in various applications has also been investigated. In addition to a single body, flows past closely spaced structures arranged in tandem are observed in numerous practical applications. In this study, the flow characteristics around the circular and the square cylinder were investigated according to S/D. The velocity fields and Reynolds stress of the single cylinders were acquired to explain the flow behaviors between tandem cylinders. The differences observed in the flow behaviors of square and circular cylinders were studied. The flow patterns around two tandem cylinders can be classified into three types of wake interference behaviors according to S/D. This is related with the flows between cylinders.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.179-192
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• 2013

The flow around two rectangular cylinders with aspect ratio of 0.5 in a tandem arrangement, was investigated using pressure measurements (in a wind tunnel) and flow visualizations (in a water tunnel) in the range of P/h from 0.6 to 4.0. Four flow patterns were identified, and processes of shear layers wrapping around, the shear layer reattachment, vortices wrapping around and vortices impingement, were observed. Mean and rms pressure distributions, flow visualizations and Strouhal numbers were presented and discussed. The paper revealed that the variations of Strouhal numbers were associated with the shear layers or vortex interference around two cylinders.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.153-158
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• 2005

The turbulent shear flaw around a surface-mounted vertical wall was investigated using the two-frame PIV(CACTUS 3.1) system. From this study, it is revealed that at least 500 instantaneous velocity field data are required for ensemble average to get reliable turbulence statistics, but only 200 field data are sufficient for the time-averaged mean velocity information The flow has an unsteady recirculation region post vertical wall with bottom gap, followed by a slow relaxation to the fiat-plate boundary layer flow. The time-averaged reattachment length estimated from the streamline distribution is about x/H=3H. The large eddy structure in the separated shear layer seems to have signification influence on the development of the separated shear layer and the reattachment process.