• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 2017

The IRR (internal rate of return) is often used by investors for the evaluation of engineering projects. Unfortunately, it is widely known that it has serial flaws. Also, External rate of returns (ERRs) such as ARR (Average Rate of Return) or MIRR (MIRR, Modified Internal Rate of Return) do not differentiate between the real investment and the expenditure. The PRR (Productive rate of return) is faithful to the conception of the return on investment. The PRR uses the effective investment instead of the initial investment. In this paper, we examined two cases of the engineering project. the one is a traditional engineering project with financing activity, another is the project with R&D. Although the IRR has only one value, it overestimates or underestimate profitabilities of Engineering Projects. The ARR and the MARR assume that a returned cash reinvest other projects or assets instead of the project currently executing. Thus they are only one value of a project's profitability, unlike the IRR. But the ARR does not classify into the effective investment and non-investment expenditure. It only accepts an initial expenditure as for an investment. The MIRR also fails to classify into the investment and the expenditure. It has an error of making a loss down as the investment. The IRR works as efficiently as a NPW (Net Present Worth). It clearly expresses a rate of return in respect of an investment in an engineering project with a loan. And it shows its ability in an engineering project with a R&D investment.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.163-179
• /
• 2014

Dynamic test with scaled model of a group of intake towers was performed to study the dynamic interaction between water and towers. The test model consists of intake tower or towers, massless foundation near the towers and part of water to simulate the dynamic interaction of tower-water-foundation system. Models with a single tower and 4 towers were tested to find the different influences of the water on the tower dynamic properties, seismic responses as well as dynamic water-tower interaction. It is found that the water has little influence on the resonant frequency in the direction perpendicular to flow due to the normal force transfer role of the water in the contraction joints between towers. By the same effect of the water, maximum accelerations in the same direction on 4 towers tend to close to each other as the water level increased from low to normal level. Moreover, the acceleration responses of the single tower model are larger than the group of towers model in both directions in general. Within 30m from the surface of water, hydrodynamic pressures were quite close for a single tower and group of towers model at two water levels. For points deeper than 30m, the pressures increased about 40 to 55% for the group of towers model than the single tower model at both water levels. In respect to the pressures at different towers, two mid towers experienced higher than two side towers, the deeper, the larger the difference. And the inside hydrodynamic pressures are more dependent on ground motions than the outside.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.61-76
• /
• 2011

This study was objected to provide suggestions for best management practices to restore the cultural and historical values of the wells in Palaces as well as their water qualities. Water resources in the five Palaces in Seoul Metropolitan, including Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, Changgyeonggung, Jongmyo Shrine, and Deoksugung, were surveyed for their physical flows and chemical compositions from April to July in 2010. Ground waters in most wells were found at depths within 5 m from the ground surface, showing typical water-table aquifer systems. Hydraulic gradients indicate water resources in Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, and Changgyeonggung flowing toward south, and toward east in Deoksugung area. Especially, water-level fluctuation data at S-10 in Deoksugung implied the influence of groundwater discharge facility. In Jongmyo Shrine, water was not detected in wells, indicating the water level was lower than the well depth. Based on the water chemistry and stable isotope analyses, water resources and their qualities appeared to be formed by the water-rock interaction along the groundwater paths. S-10 (Deoksugung) and S-14 (Changgyeonggung) samples were contaminated with nitrate ($NO_3$) in levels of higher than Korean drinking water standard, 10 mg/L as $NO_3$-N, but once in four sampling campaigns. In the situation that water resources in Palaces still maintain natural characteristics, the materials that will be used for the restoration and improvement of the Palace water supplies should be carefully selected not to disturb the natural integrity. In addition, because the wells are located in the center of metropolitan area, a systematic monitoring should be applied to detect and to manage the potential impacts of underground construction and various pollution sources.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.41-67
• /
• 2006

The study is aimed to analyze the influence of FTA(Free Trade Agreement) between Korea and Japan on tourism and to suggest ways to increase tourists exchange between them by considering countermeasures of Korea's tourism based on the analysis and deriving political significance. The results of the study showed that the expected effects of FTA between Korea and Japan on tourism would overall be positive. There would be increases in employment and a higher rate of foreign-exchange earning, which plays a critical role in the cash flow. Therefore the government is required to prepare for several political measures as follows. First, ways to promote investment in tourism have to be established in a systematic way for FTA. Second, restructuring of tourism has to be considered seriously for tourism to be a high value-added industry after FTA. Third, the tourism information industry needs to be included in the tourism promotion act to promote e-tourism using information technology. In addition to this, an expansive cluster strategy needs to be developed, which relates tourism to other industries like culture and movies and to find ways to re-locate and re-educate manpower currently engaged in the tourism industry. Though the study investigated the influence of FTA on tourism through a practical analysis, it was restricted only to Korea. So the influence of FTA between Korea and Japan on the tourism of Japan should be included in further study. Furthermore, in subsequent studies the CGE(Computable General Equilibrium) model will be applied for objective analysis of the effects. Or measuring the ripple effect with multinational inter-industry relation table will be made for the study to make practical contributions to the development of government policy.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2002

The health and medical service attracts more public attention as the economy of Korea is rapidly growing up and the standard of living is elevated. Especially, the interest and demand on the prehospital emergency medical service that consists of the important part of primary medical service that is directly related to the life of patients are gradually increased. However, as compared with other advanced countries such as America in this area, Korea actually fell behind in the utilization of IT (Information Technology) to maximize the efficiency of emergency service system as well as has a problem in the general service system. This study suggested the necessity to introduce EMD (Emergency Medical Dispatch) system that takes a great role as the core part in the prehospital emergency medical service that is not systemized in Korea yet. In addition, this study proposed the implementation model of EMD ASP system using ASP (Application Service Provider) in EMD system to flexibly deal with the change of IT and efficient implementation and integration of information system as well as to significantly reduce cost through wire/wireless high speed Internet network that is politically promoted in Korea on the basis of EMD. The system analysis and design was executed by HIPO (Hierarchy Plus Input Process Output) analysis that was the conceptual design technology for EMD information system modeling based on ASP and DFD (Data Flow Diagram). This study proposed DB table configuration and data schema to implement the application of web browser interface in EMD system through ERD(ER-Diagram) of EMD ASP system. Finally, this study described how to implement and utilize EMD information system. This study aims to facilitate the qualitative development of emergency medical service in the future as suggesting the concrete models for the implementation of high value-added prehospital emergency medical information system as applying ASP concept to EMD system of prehospital emergency medical service area.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.78-85
• /
• 2016

While most AUV researches have concerned about single hydrofoil, practical AUV's are generally operated with multiple hydrofoils. Double hydrofoil study attempts to evaluate thrust and efficiency with various flapping motions, and carries out design optimization using parametric analysis. Flow patterns such as vortex shedding and wake-body interaction are carefully investigated during design variable sensitivity analysis. The purpose of this design optimization is to find out the optimal motion that yields maximum thrust and efficiency. The design optimization employes several techniques such as table of orthogonal arrays, Kriging method, ANOVA analysis and MGA. Throughout this research, it is possible to find the optimal values of heaving ratio, heaving shift and pitch shift: Heaving ratio 0.950, heaving shift $23.120^{\circ}$ and pitch shift $89.991^{\circ}$ are found to be optimal values in double hydrofoil motions. Thrust and efficiency are 16.7% and 35.1% higher than existing AUV that did not consider nonlinear dependency of motion parameters. This results may offer an effective framework that is applicable to various AUV motion analyses and designs.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.10 no.4 s.22
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2002

Nowadays information is very important for Civil Engineering. This information is acquiredmostly via Surveying & Geo-spatial Information System. Also this information is close to the ITS(Intelligent Transformation System), Navigation, Facility Management, and Digital Mapping, etc and applicable to versatile fields from now on. And in surveying fields, GPS satellites are introduced newly and play a great rules. In this study, RTK(Real-Time Kinematic GPS), one of the positioning technology with GPS satellites, is used for the production of Plane Figure of Campus. The results shows that it is possible to extract the information for some part of a flowerbed and road, but not so for the buildings surrounded. Therefore this give occasion to the a lowering of work effectiveness over the total work-flow. So at such a time, it will be expected that the supplementary systems such TS(Total Station), Plane-table, and theodolite, etc have to be used.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.178-187
• /
• 2011

This research suggested the hygienic spatial composition of sell-service restaurants applying HACCP(Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point System). The circulation of the food, dishes, waste, workers and customers were each fractionated and arranged according to the hygienic sequence of cooking food in kitchen and process for eating food within the customer space. The spaces were separated by the degree of cleanness(clean area, semi-clean area, contaminated area). After that, hygiene facilities to remove contamination and pass facilities intended to control moving were added at the possible points of cross-contamination in oder to prevent the cross-contamination. For hygienic spatial composition of self-service restaurant, the following should be acknowledged: In the kitchen, spaces in which the food is handled after being heated should be located in the clean area. As of the customer space, spaces where dishes are prepared, food and water is received, and the table hall should be located in the clean area. Food circulation should flow from the contaminated area to the clean area. Food, dishes, waste should be moved through pass facilities so that workers do not have to come and go between other areas of cleanness. Also lockers for private clothes and lockers for uniforms should be separated. Hygiene facilities should be easily accessible so that workers can use them whenever they enter their working area. The contaminated area where dirty dishes are dealed with should be separated from the clean area. Waste should be thrown out without crossing cooking areas. As of customer circulation, the hygiene facility for hand washing should be located near the space where dishes for self-service are placed. The customer circulation should lead customers to leave restaurants after giving back the dirty dishes in the contaminated area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 1975

The sap uses of Korean sugar maple, Acer mono Max., "Gorosoe-namoo," the most abundant growing stock in maples, for a medical beverage at every early spring have had the long history in Korea. The sap of Korean sugar maple (the maple) was prepared with a unique tapping method from the trees during the sap flow season of 1974, measured the sugar content in $2.6^{\circ}$ to $3.3^{\circ}Brix$ of sugar on average and the sugar concentration of the sap was enough for a sweetener resource comparing with those of American sugar maples in literature. The color of sirup was very dark and the color index was 2.69 for the sirup of $15.3^{\circ}Brix$ having 10 hours evaporation and 3.380 for the standard sirup, as shown in Table 3 and Figure 2, due to the prolonged evaporation in deep aluminium or stainless steel kettles. The alcohol extractives of standard sirup has the light color and the residue reddish brown and the absorption spectra have the maxima in wave length of 350 nm, 1,000 nm, 1,170 nm, 1,400 nm and 1900 nm, as shown in Figure 3. The extractives of ethanol and monoethanolamine mixture (97:3, v/v) has dark red and the residue darker redish brown.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.333-351
• /
• 2017

Objectives: This study examines the relationships between indoor radon concentrations and distribution from soil geological mapping in the Hwacheon and Jangsu areas. Methods: GIS and a pivot table were used for inquiries about indoor radon contents, soil characteristics, and geological differences. Results: The Hwacheon area was characterized by the presence of normal and reverse faults as a passage of runoff for radon, sufficient occurrences of minerals containing uranium within granite as a radon source, a high concentration of radon within the granite area and clear differences of radon concentrations between granitic and metamorphic areas. The Jangsu area was characterized by the presence of normal faults, wide distributions of alluvium, and ambiguities on radon concentrations indoors among areas of geological differences. Considering the granite area and alluvium surrounded with granite areas, the characteristics of radon concentrations within soils and indoors in the Jangsu area are similar to those of the Hwacheon area. High concentrations are found with entisol and inceptisol in the Hawcheon area, but with entisol, inceptisol, and ultisol in the Jangsu area. High radon concentrations are found in sandy loam and/or loam. High concentrations are found in recently constructed or brick buildings, but low concentrations in traditional or prefabricated houses showing a high possibility of outward flow. Conclusions: The overall results suggest that radon concentrations in the Hwacheon and Jangsu area are dominantly influenced by geological characteristics with additional artificial influences.