• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.113-129
• /
• 2009

Abstract Corporate activities are composed of numerous working processes and during the working flow, various business processes are being created and completed simultaneously. Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) makes the working process simple, yet creates more complicated work structure and therefore, there is an absolute need of efficient management for business processes. The workflow literature has been looking for efficient and effective ways of rediscovering and mining workflow intelligence and knowledge from their enactment histories and event logs. As part of studies to analyze and improve the process, the concepts of 'Process Mining', 'Process re-discovery', 'BPR (Business Process Reengineering)' have appeared and the studies for practical implementation are proactively being done. However, these studies normally follow the approach throughout data warehousing for log data of process instances. It is very hard for these approaches to reflect user's intention to the rediscovering and mining activities. The process instances designed based on the consideration of analysis can make groupings effectively and when the analysis demand of user changes within the analysis domain can also reduce the cost of analysis. Therefore, the thesis proposes a special type of workflow model, which is called a colored workflow model, that is extended from the ICN (information control net) modeling methodology by reinforcing the concept of colored token. The colored tokens represent the conceptual types of constraints and criteria that can be used to classifying and grouping the workflow intelligence and knowledge extracted from the corresponding workflow models' enactment histories and event logs. Through the runtime information of process instances, it makes possible to analyze proactive and user-oriented process with the goal of deriving business knowledge from the beginning of process definition.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.192-201
• /
• 1999

This study was aimed to introduce the measurement of $CO_2$ concentration and leaf area index in the phytotron for predicting the effect of CO.E, light and leaf area index on the instantaneous photosynthetic rate of sweet pepper with the existing ASKAM model. Measurements were made in 2 semi-closed phytotron compartments in which three different $CO_2$ concentrations were applied at random. Plants were grown on containers with circulating nutrient solution at 21$^{\circ}C$ and 80-95% relative humidity. The model estimates crop net $CO_2$ uptake for short time intervals during the day based on short-term data of daily radiation, temperature and $CO_2$ concentration. During the photosynthesis measurements, $CO_2$ concentrations in both compartments and in the basement were measured every minute. This was also done for the flow of pure $CO_2$ into the compartment, global radiation, photosynthetic active radiation inside the compartment, temperature and relative humidity. Crop growth models summarize our knowledge on crop behavior and have as such a wide range of applications in analysis, crop management and thus as a farm management tool.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.326-339
• /
• 1995

In this paper, the validity of the numerical model of fishes' behavior presented in our earlier paper was examined by the whiteness test on the residual of numerical model and by the comparison between experiment and simulation on several indexes represented by fishes' swimming characteristics. The validity of the numerical model was proved statistically by means of the whiteness test of the residual. The similarity was confirmed by comparison between experiment and simulation for the swimming trajectory of fishes, the mean distance of individual from wall, the mean swimming speed and the mean distance between the nearest individuals. These results suggest that the behavior of fishes according to the flow speed in three-dimensional space can be estimated partially by the numerical model presented in our earlier paper. However, a long-term approach to improve the modeling technique on the behavior of fishes may be needed before applying the numerical model presented in our earlier paper to real fishing ground.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.258-265
• /
• 2004

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of EC and pH of nutrient solution on the growth and quality of the single-stemmed rose grown in a rose factory installed with hydroponic system. The growth and quality of the single-stemmed rose were not significantly different from each other with the EC of the nutrient solutions $1.0\~3.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, which resulted in concluding high concentration of the nutrient solution was not necessary. The optimum range of the EC for single-stemmed rose was $1.5\~2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ considering plant growth, photosynthetic and transpiration rates. The optimum range of the pH for good plant growth without any visible physiological disorder was $4.0\~6.0$. Therefore, to keep the pH of the nutrient solution for rose low compared to other plants was beneficial for plant growth and uptake of the mineral ions.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.195-206
• /
• 1980

Fish were grown in a water recycling rearing system consisting of a filter system, of which the area is about $30\;m^2$ and the volume of filter gravels is about $15\;m^3$, 6 rearing and 2 supplementary tans about $7\;m^2$ of surface area each. The results for 180 days from April 18 to October 14,1980 are summarized as following: One rearing tank was used for main experiment stocked with an equal number, and weight of each Israeli strain and $F_1$, hybrid between this strain and Korean local strain of common carp. Gross total production was 461 kg with a net production of 395 kg, and the Israeli strain grew to about 8 times initial weight and the hybrid about 6 times. Based on an analysis of results of the above mentioned main experiment and the other miscellaneous fish grown in the remaining tanks, it was considered to be feasible to implement a commercial production in this system by improving parts of the system and adding a number of the units. A special problem seems to be an adoption of more effective aeration device when fish loading increases. A solid waste removal system was deviced by use of by-pass flow ana this system worked very efficiently in view of supply water economy. A serious problem encountered in this experiment was heavy outbreaks of the gill-fluke, Dactylogyrus sp. which was relatively easily eradicated with Dipterex or DDVP treatment in the first trials, but later on strains which were resistant to any of these chemicals appeared.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.49 no.12
• /
• pp.209-218
• /
• 2012

Recently, the Field Programmable Stateful Logic Array (FPSLA) was proposed as one of the most promising system integration technologies which will extend the life of the Moore's law. This work is the first proposal of the FPSLA design automation flow, and the approaches to logic synthesis, synchronization, physical mapping, and automatic placement of the FPSLA designs. The synchronization at each gate for pipelining determines the x-coordinates of cells, and reduces the placement to 1-dimensional problems. The objective function and its gradients for the non-linear optimization of the net length and placement density have been remodeled for the reduced global placement problem. Also, a recursive algorithm has been proposed to legalize the placement by relaxing the density overflow of bipartite bin groups in a top-down hierarchical fashion. The proposed model and algorithm are implemented, and validated by applying them to the ACM/SIGDA benchmark designs. The output state of a gate in an FPSLA needs to be duplicated so that each fanout gate can be connected to a dedicated copy. This property has been taken into account by merging the duplicated nets into a hyperedge, and then, splitting the hyperedge into edges as the optimization progresses. This yields additional 18.4% of the cell count reduction in the most dense logic stage. The practicality of the FPSLA can be further enhanced primarily by incorporating into the logic synthesis the constraint to avoid the concentrated fains of gates on some logic stages. In addition, an efficient algorithm needs to be devised for the routing problem which is based on a complicated graph. The graph models the nanowire crossbar which is trimmed to be embedded into the FPSLA fabric, and therefore, asymmetric. These CAD tools can be used to evaluate the fabric efficiency during the architecture enhancement as well as automate the design.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.20 no.8
• /
• pp.943-951
• /
• 2011

We investigated the effects of temperature changes on the oxygen consumption rhythm in Japanese eels, Anguilla japonica, using an automatic intermittent flow respirometer (AIFR). The endogenous rhythm of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in the eels (n = 18; 44-74 cm, 145-690 g), freshly collected by bag net from estuaries, was nearly synchronous with the tidal pattern of the estuarine collection site. The magnitude of mean OCR (mOCR) of eels showed variable range of 82.2 - 116.5 ml $O_2\;kg^{-1}ww \;h^{-1}$ under constant conditions. In case of increasing temperature from 25 to $38^{\circ}C$, the OCR of eels exhibited a gradually increasing trend with a rhythmic pattern until $36^{\circ}C$. Above $36^{\circ}C$ the rhythms of the OCR dampened and the OCR decreased rapidly at around $36-37^{\circ}C$. The OCR of the eels exhibited the maximum value at $38^{\circ}C$, and then it sharply decreased. The results suggested that the critical thermal maximum (CTM) regarding the endogenous rhythms of the eels was at around $36-37^{\circ}C$ when water temperature increased at $0.5^{\circ}C$/14 h following the acclimation at $25^{\circ}C$. In case of decreasing temperature ($0.5^{\circ}C$/14 h) from 25 to $0^{\circ}C$, the OCR of the eels displayed a abrupt decrease up to $23^{\circ}C$, and between at 23 and $20^{\circ}C$, there was an agitation which showed a slight increase in the OCR with a duration of 1-2 days. Below $9^{\circ}C$, the OCR rhythm of the eels showed a constant state regardless of temperature decreasing. These results suggest that the Japanese eel has an upper incipient lethal temperature at $36^{\circ}C$, with a lower thermal limit at $9^{\circ}C$. The biochemical aspects of the eels influenced by water temperature need to be further studied.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.1-29
• /
• 2009

As foreign investors' share holdings in Korean firms have dramatically increased since 1998 following the financial deregulation on the limit of foreign stock investment, the concern over the negative impacts the foreign investors would bring on the firms' financial policy has been growing too. Foreign investors were perceived to require the firms of excessive payments of cash dividends sometimes with threat of hostile takeover trials detering the firm from investing its cash flow in the physical facilities and RandD eroding their potential growth capabilities. We examine the impact of foreign investment on the firms' dividend policy using 234 listed firms' panel data over the sample periods of 1998 to 2005 employing various panel regression methodology. Foreign shareholders are found not to be related or even negatively related to the payout ratio(dividend/net income), but positively and statistically significantly related to the ratio of cash dividends to book of asset, negatively to the dividend yields. Considering the payout ratio is the most appropriate measure for the dividend payment, we can not support the arguments that the foreign investors' holdings have induced the excessive dividend level in Korean firms.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.507-517
• /
• 2010

This study estimated the amount of carbon stocks in harvested wood products (HWP) using accounting approaches suggested by 2006 IPCC guidelines and analyzed the impacts of different approaches on national greenhouse gas inventory and the forest sector in Korea. The change in carbon stocks was calculated at the level of semi-finished wood products, which cover sawnwood, wood-based panels, other industrial wood, paper and paperboard. An estimation of the changes in carbon stocks in HWP in use for the period 1970~2008 varied between -9,023 Gg $CO_2$/yr and 4,052 Gg $CO_2$/yr depending on the accounting approach used. The stock-change approach provided the most favorable results because Korea was a net importer of wood products. However, each approach generates different impacts on harvest, trade, the use of wood for energy production and recycling. When deciding its position on accounting approach, thus, the Government should consider future direction of national forest policies as well as the effect on national greenhouse gas inventory for the minimization of negative impacts resulting from its selection.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.8
• /
• pp.4763-4768
• /
• 2014

Recently, aluminum pipes have been used instead of steel pipes for open and shut machines in vinyl housing because of its corrosion-resistance and light weight. In particular, the light weight is very useful for fitting and removal by human resources. On the other hand, an aluminum pipe is weak in winter because aluminum has a larger thermal expansion coefficient than steel. This study examined the freezing and bursting of aluminum pipes by numerical analysis. The mechanical-thermal deformation characteristics were analyzed under the condition of ice volumetric expansion in aluminum pipes reaching 50%. From numerical analysis, large stresses above the yield stress occurred in aluminum pipe after ice expanded in the net diameter immediately. In addition, the freezing and bursting of aluminum pipes was predicted around an ice volumetric expansion of 6 - 7% because the thickness of the aluminum pipe reached an aluminum elongation ratio of 17%. Therefore, it is recommended that aluminum pipes be sealed perfectly to prevent water flow in the pipe. These results suggest that it is very difficult to prevent freezing and bursting of aluminum pipes by water freezing in the pipe.