• 펄프종이기술
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2001

Hydraulic transport of fines up to the surface of flotation cell was supposed to be a mechanism of fines fractionation through the froth-flotation. Efficient fractionation of fines means efficient skimming out of flotation rejects as much as possible with least long fiber loss. The selectivity of fines fractionation was found to be mainly affected by long fibers flocculation degree in this study. Lack of sufficient flocculation of long fibers could lead to extensive loss of long fibers. It was also found that higher flotation flux caused higher flotation reject as well as the increase of long fiber loss, but did not affect the fine content ratio in the flotation reject. We controlled the flotation flux and the stock consistency, and chose a cationic polymer to maximize the flocculation of long fibers and to increase the amount of flotation reject. The highest efficiency of fines fractionation was obtained at 1.3% of stock consistency and at 100L/min of flotation flux in our experimental set up. The cationaic polymer we chose was found to be very effective in fiber flocculation and flotation froth stabilization. New definitions of fractionation efficiency were introduced in this study to compare the results more clearly.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.617-626
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• 2006

Compared with the sludge from gravity sedimentation, it is difficult for operations to settle the sludge occurred from dissolved-air-flotation (DAF). Even though there are some problems in treating DAF sludge with conventional gravity thickeners, those has been used until now. In this study, Solid Flux theory for gravity thickening was applied to the Solid Flux of DAF sludge through flotation in order to develop new methodology for treatment of DAF sludge. Also, characteristics of DAF sludge were investigated. From the experiment results, it was revealed that the higher the polymer dosage, at fixed the solid concentration, the greater the rising velocity becomes. When we applied solid flux theory, the relationship, which is similar to that of gravity thickening, has been achieved. Also, we could find the proper polymer dosage from the rising velocity is about 50 mg/L. Consequently, the limiting solid flux can be derived from the relationship between the total solid flux and the withdrawal velocity of DAF sludge. Furthermore, the factors, such as solid concentrations, bubble volume, pH, zeta potential, and temperature, have effects on the flotation and sedimentation for DAF sludge treatment.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2000

In order to investigate the influencing factors in flotation fractionation, flotations were performed at varied conditions. The selectivity of fines fractionation was mainly affected by long fiber flocculation degree and if there were not sufficient flocculation of long fibers, more loss of long fibers could not be avoided. The amount of flotation rejects were totally dependent on the stability of froth floated on the stock surface. Only small size fines could stabilize the froth as they hindered the drainage of liquid lamella in flotation-froth. More flotation reject and better flocculation of long fibers were two important factors for improving flotation. Changing a flotation flux or an air-mixing ratio to increase the flocculation of fibers increased long fiber ratio in the reject. In order to satisfy the both conditions of reducing long fiber loss and of increasing flotation reject, search of fractionation promoter is needed.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 1999년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.205-214
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• 1999

In order to investigate the influencing factors of flotation fractionation. flotations were performed at varied conditions. The selectivity of fines fractionation is mainly affected by long fibers flocculating degree and if it were not for sufficient flocculation of long fibers, increase of long fibers loss could not be avoided. The amount of flotation reject totally depends on the stability of forth floated on the stock surface. only the small size fines stabilize the froth as they hinder the drainage of liquid lamella in flotation-froth. Two important factors of flotation conditions are improving the flocculation of long fibers and increasing the amount of flotation reject. Changing a flotation flux or an air-mixing ratio with aims of increasing the flocculation of fibers and reject ratios is in conflict. In order to satisfy the both conditions for reducing long fiber loss and for increasing flotation reject a new fractionation promoter is urgently required.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.807-813
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• 2012

Flocculation and flotation are used as pretreatment steps prior to the reverse osmosis (RO) process. During seawater treatment, high temperature can change the water chemistry of seawater during the process of coagulation. It also affects bubble volume concentration (BVC) and bubble characteristics. Coagulants such as alum and ferric salts at $40^{\circ}C$ can also change flux rates in the seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) process. In this study, the bubble characteristics in dissolved air flotation (DAF), used as a SWRO pretreatment process, were studied in synthetic seawater at $20^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$. The flux of an RO membrane was monitored after dosing the synthetic seawater with coagulants at different temperatures. Results showed that BVC increases as the operating pressure increases and as the salt concentration decreases. The bubble size released at $40^{\circ}C$ is far smaller than that at $20^{\circ}C$The addition of a ferric salt is effective for turbidity removal in synthetic seawater at $20^{\circ}C$; it is more effective than alum. When synthetic seawater was dosed with a ferric salt, the RO membrane flux increased by 27 % at $40^{\circ}C$.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.393-402
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• 2020

In the membrane process, it is important to improve water treatment efficiency to ensure water quality and minimize membrane fouling. In this study, a pilot study of membrane process using reservoir water was conducted for a long time to secure high flux operation technology capable of responding to influent turbidity changes. The raw water and DAF(Dissolved Air Flotation) treated water were used for influent water of membrane to analyze the effect of water quality on the TMP (Trans Membrane Pressure) and to optimize the membrane operation. When the membrane flux were operated at 70 LMH and 80 LMH under stable water quality conditions with an inlet turbidity of 10 NTU or less, the TMP increase rates were 0.28 and 0.24 kPa/d, respectively, with minor difference. When the membrane with high flux of 80 LMH was operated for a long time under inlet turbidity of 10 NTU or more, the TMP increase rate showed the maximum of 43.5 kPa/d. However, when the CEB(Chemically Enhanced Backwash) cycle was changed from 7 to 1 day, it was confirmed that the TMP increase rate was stable to 0.23 kPa/d. As a result of applying pre-treatment process(DAF) on unstability water quality conditions, it was confirmed that the TMP rise rates differed by 0.17 and 0.64 kPa/d according to the optimization of the coagulant injection. When combined with coagulation pretreatment, it was thought that the balance with the membrane process was more important than the emphasis on efficiency of the pretreatment process. It was considered that stable TMP can be maintained by optimizing the cleaning conditions when the stable or unstable water quality even in the high flux operation on membrane process.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.104-113
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• 2020

기포크기는 컬럼부선에서 기포체류시간, 기포표면적플럭스(Sb) 및 운송율(Cr)에 영향을 미치는 중요 변수로 인식되고 있다. 본 논문은 부선컬럼에서 기포크기의 측정방법, 가동변수들의 관계 그리고 가스분산특성을 논한다. 기포크기는 고속카메라와 이미지 분석 시스템을 이용하여 가동변수들(가스속도, 세척수속도, 기포제농도)의 조건에 따라 부선컬럼에서 직접적으로 측정되었다. 각 측정과 산정된 기포크기 값들을 비교한 관계식이 ±15~20의 오차범위 내에서 도출되었고 평균 기포크기(Sauter mean diameter)는 0.718mm로 확인되었다. 본 시스템으로부터 기포크기 및 분포를 조절할 수 있는 경험식이 가동조건들(Jg: 0.65~1.3cm/s, JW: 0.13~0.52cm/s, frother concentration: 60~200ppm) 하에서 개발되었다. 기포제농도의 증가는 표면장면과 기포크기를 감소시킨다. 임계병합농도는 표면장력이 가장 낮은 49.24mN/m일 때인 기포제농도 200ppm이라고 판단된다. 공기속도의 감소, 기포제농도 및 세척수속도의 증가에 따라 기포크기가 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 가스홀드업은 가스속도와 비례관계에 있으며 고정된 가스속도 조건에서 기포제농도 및 세척수속도와 비례관계였다.