• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.89-114
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze impact absorption function of midsole in cushioned marathon shoes. The foot is made up of a complex interaction of bones, ligaments, and muscles. These structures help the foot alternate between being a mobile, flexible adaptor and a stable rigid lever. The foot is broken down into two functional parts, the forefoot and the rearfoot. Cushioned marathon shoes for high arches have generous cushioning for efficient and high-mileage runners. Cushioned marathon shoes are made for feet that have high arches or no excessive motion and don't roll inward or roll outward. This condition is known as underpronation. Especially, Cushioned marathon shoes are designed to reduce shock and generally have the softest (or most cushioned) midsoles and the least medial support. They are usually built on a semicurved or curved last to encourage foot motion, which is helpful for underpronators (who have rigid, immobile feet). Cushioning marathon shoes recommended for the high-arched runner, whose foot may roll outward (supinate) rather than the natural slight inward roll, or whose feet may be relatively rigid. Cushioning shoes emphasize flexibility and usually are built on a curved or semicurved last to encourage a normal motion of the foot. Cushioning shoes usually offer no medial (inner foot) support. Cushioned marathon shoes have the single-density midsole, which is stable and relatively firm for a cushioned shoe, stays the same. But the forefoot is more rounded, and the rearfoot now includes a new and supportive rearfoot cradle. A foam midsole, perhaps with layers of different densities, to provide cushioning and shock absorption. EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) and PU (polyurethane), the materials from which these foams usually are made. EVA is slightly softer than PU. EVA and PU may be layered together in a shoe, or a shoe may have more than one density of EVA.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제10권11호
• /
• pp.199-207
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 바닥에 치료용 깔창이 일체형으로 제작된 실내화를 이용한 유연성 편평족 환아의 착용 처치 전-후 임상 결과 및 영상의학 검사 결과에 대한 융합 연구이다. 유연성 편평족으로 진단받은 학령기 환아 35명에 대하여, 치료용 깔창이 일체형으로 제작된 실내화를 주중 5회 이상, 하루 4시간 이상 착용하게 하였다. 시행 전, 시행 후 제 4주째, 제 8주째, 영상의학 검사 및 FAOS 설문 조사를 시행하였고, 반복측정분산분석을 이용하여 통계 분석하였다. 임상 결과에서 FAOS 증상 항목과 통증 항목에서 통계적으로 유의한 향상이 관찰되었다. 영상의학 검사 결과에서 전후면 거골-제1중족각, 측면 거골-제1중족각, 거골-수평각이 호전되는 경향을 보이고 있었지만, 통계적 유의성은 찾을 수 없었다. 즉, 학령기 유연성 편평족 환아가 실내 생활 중 대부분의 시간 동안 치료용 깔창이 바닥에 일체형으로 제작된 실내화를 사용하는 것은 단기적으로 증상 완화 및 통증 경감에 효과가 있다.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.533-538
• /
• 2013

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the effect of Low-dye Taping on muscle activity during single-leg standing in subjects with flexible flatfoot. METHODS: Thirteen able-body volunteers who had flexible flatfoot were recruited for this study. Subjects were measured navicular drop test to evaluate pronation of foot and muscle activity during single-leg standing before and after taping. The muscle activity was recorded using surface EMG from the tibialis anterior and the peroneus longus during single-leg standing on stable and unstable surface. RESULTS: The results show that the navicular drop height and the tibialis anterior muscle activity were significantly decreased after Low-dye taping. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that Low-dye taping could be useful in managing overuse of the tibialis anterior by reducing their level of activation during single-leg standing.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.113-117
• /
• 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the short-term results of medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy without flexor digitorum longus transfer for flexible flatfoot deformity. Materials and Methods: Twenty four patients (25 feet) who had undergone medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy without flexor digitorum longus transfer for flexible flatfoot between July 2004 and May 2007 were included. The mean age was 43.6 years (16~78 years). The mean follow-up was 26 months (14~50 months). Clinical outcomes were assessed using American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and visual analogue scale (VAS). Six radiographic parameters were measured from weightbearing radiographs to assess the difference between preoperative and postoperative radiographs. Results: The mean AOFAS score improved from 57.9 points preoperatively to 89.2 points at latest follow-up (p=0.000). The mean VAS improved from 62 points preoperatively to 23 points at latest follow-up (p=0.000). The mean talonavicular coverage angle on anteroposterior (AP) view changed from 20.2 degrees to 16.0 degrees (p=0.002). The mean calcaneal pitch angle on lateral view changed from 12.6 degrees preoperatively to 14.5 degrees at latest follow-up (p=0.001). Regarding these radiographic parameters, the difference between interobserver measurements was larger than that between pre- and post-operative measurements. The calcaneus was transferred medially by average 11.8 mm (p=0.003), which was 27.9% of the width of calcaneal tuberosity (p=0.000). The mean talo-first metatarsal angle on AP and lateral views, and navicular height on lateral view were not significantly changed. Conclusion: Medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy without flexor digitorum longus transfer for flexible flatfoot could lead to improve the clinical outcomes, although the restoration of medial longitudinal arch was not clinically significant.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.117-121
• /
• 2008

Purpose: To determine the clinical and radiographic results of arthroereisis using the $Kalix^{(R)}$ implant (Newdeal, Lyon, France) for the treatment of flexible flatfoot deformity. Materials and Methods: From February 2005 to February 2007, we performed the subtalar arthroereisis on 8 patients (9 feet) of symptomatic flexible flat feet after more than 6 months of conservative treatment. Average age was 14.5 years ($11{\sim}29$ years) old. We checked the functional status with AOFAS functional score pre-operatively and at final follow-up. Radiologically, we took weight bearing anterior to posterior and lateral view of the feet, and measured the talo-first metatarsal angle, calcaneal pitch angle in pre-operatively and at final follow-up. Results: Mean follow up period was 34.4 months. Average AOFAS score improved from preoperatively 65.6 to postoperatively 94.8. Average lateral talo-first metatarsal angle reduced from $12.8^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $1.6^{\circ}$ at final follow-up. Average anterior to posterior talo-first metatarsal angle was reduced from $15.1^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $8.3^{\circ}$ at final follow-up. Average calcaneal pitch angle was increased from $9.5^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $12.0^{\circ}$ at final follow-up. Conclusions: Subtalar arthroereisis with Kalix$K^{(R)}$ implant can be considered to be one of treatment options symptomatic flatfoot deformity patients.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of the strength of the ankle support on the walking characteristics and ankle joints when men with flexible flat feet walk. Method: 13 adult male subjects (age: 23.9 ± 2.4 yrs, height: 173.0 ± 5.0 cm, weight: 76.9 ± 13.2 kg, Navicular Drop Test (NDT): 10.2 ± 0.8 mm) participated in this study. Each participant had to walk with the 3 conditions, barefoot, soft arch support and hard arch support, along a walkway while their kinematics was recorded at 100 Hz. Results: Based on the results of this study, it is considered that men with flexible flat feet should use hard arch support rather than bare feet to induce normal arch shape, relieve foot damage caused by excessive ankle joint abnormalities and improve stability. Conclusion: Our results for men with flat flexibility, there was a significant difference in the value of step length when walking was performed using two arch supports with different strengths. The angle of ankle dorsiflexion was significantly increased, and the ankle eversion angle was significantly decreased.

• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.985-995
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to provide useful footwear information for manufacturers and teenagers so that they can produce or purchase proper footwear that would minimize discomfort. For this study, 486 junior high school students were surveyed with a questionnaire. SPSS WIN10 was used to process a statistical analysis such as ferq., factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA(LSD), crosstab, and coefficient correlation. The results are as follows: A significant difference existed between male and female students in purchasing footwear and using evaluation criteria. When they wear shoes for a long time, they usually experience numbness in toes, blisters, heel, bottom on the feet and peeled skin. Female students experienced more foot injuries than males. There were meaningful correlations among purchasing, evaluation criteria, and satisfaction of footwear. Providing proper information is believed very important for teenagers in choosing right footwear. Footwear manufacturers should help them produce suitable shoes, and further help them establish different marketing strategies. To ease the foot discomfort, shoes should be developed with various widths and sizes. Shock absorbing soles and more flexible materials are also necessary.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.507-521
• /
• 2021

The livestock farmers are producing under uncertainties such as Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) and Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The purpose of this study is to strengthen the management capabilities of Hanwoo farmers to prepare them for the uncertainties just mentioned. To this end, this study was conducted to find the optimal rearing period in order to reduce the feed cost, which accounts for the largest portion of the operation cost of Hanwoo. Using the universal lattice model, 41,139 of 289,000 Hanwoo slaughter data from 2010 to 2019 were used for the FMD period and 246,605 heads for the general period. The results show that the maximum cutoff price of Hanwoo steer is 6,394,457 won at the 4th week of 27 months of age in general period, where as 6,242,752 won at the 2nd week of 26 months of age in the FMD period. Therefore, it is judged that it will be helpful for Hanwoo farms to maximize their business profits by slaughtering one month and two weeks earlier in the FMD period than in the general period. In addition, Hanwoo farmers need to break away from the conventional rearing method and improve their management efficiency through a more flexible rearing method.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2016

Flatfoot is defined as loss of medial arch with hindfoot valgus, but normal condition is obscure due to wide individual variance. Loss or decreasing of medial longitudinal arch with radiographic image is clinically diagnosed as flatfoot. Flatfoot without symptoms is not an indication for treatment. The etiologies of flatfoot are congenital cause, hypermobility, tarsal coalition, neuromuscular disease, post-traumatic deformity, Charcot arthropathy, and posterior tibial tendon dysfuction. The flatfoot is classified as congenital and acquired, flexible, and rigid. The diagnosis is made by physical examination and radiographic findings. In particular, the posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is known as adult acquired flatfoot.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.99-118
• /
• 2004

The aim of this study is to evaluate tennis shoes's plantar pressure distribution in tennis prayers and to determine the influence of the shoe on various tennis movements. When investigating the biomechanics of movement in tennis, one of the first things to do is to understand the movement patterns of the sport, specifically how these patterns relate to different tennis shoes. Once these patterns are understood, footwear company can design tennis shoes that match the individual needs of tennis players. Plantar pressure measurement is widely employed to study foot function, the mechanical pathogenesis for foot disease and as a diagnostic and outcome measurement tool for many performance. Measurements were taken of plantar pressure distribution across the foot and using F-Scan(Tekscan Inc.) systems respectively. The F-Scan system for dynamic in-shoe foot pressure measurements has enabled us to assess quantitatively the efficacy of different types of footwear in reducing foot pressures. The Tekscan F-Scan system consists of a flexible, 0.18mm thick sole-shape having 1260 pressure sensors, the sensor insole was trimmed to fit the subjects' right, left shoes. For this study 4 university male, high level tennis players were instructed to hit alternated forehand stroke, backhand stroke, forehand volley, backhand volley, smash, service movement in 4 different tennis shoes. 1. When impact in tennis movement, peak pressure distribution of landing foot displayed D>C>B>A, A displayed the best low pressure distribution. A style's tennis shoes will suggest prayer with high impact. If prayer with high impact feeling during pray in tennis wear A style, it will decrease injury, will have performance improvement. 2. When impact in tennis movement, plantar pattern of pressure distribution in landing foot displayed B>A>C>D in stability performance. During tennis, prayer want to stability movement suggest B style tennis shoes when tennis movement impact keep stability of human body. B style tennis shoes give performance improvement 3. When impact in tennis movement, plantar pattern of center of force(C.O.F.)trajectory in landing foot analyzed this : 1) When stroke movement and volley movement in tennis, prayer better to rearfoot movement. 2) when service movement, prayer midfoot strike movement. 3) when smash movement, prayer have forefoot strike movement.