• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.147-159
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• 2008

Objectives : In order to investigate the relation of body composition analysis and isokinetic trunk muscle strength for the screening test of low back pain. Methods : This study was carried out with the data from comprehensive medical testing. 75 subject aged 20-59 performed the segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis, isokinetic trunk muscle strength test and questionnaire. Then we analyzed the relationship of data. Results : Low back pain(LBP) prevalence in high obesity index(Body mass index(BMI), Percentage of Body Fat(PBF), Waist Hip Ratio(WHR)) group was higher than LBP prevalence in normal obesity index group(p<0.001). In LBP group, Extension Peak Torque(Ext.PT), Extension Peak Torque per Body Weight(Ext.PT/BW) were significantly lower than Non-LBP group(p<0.001). And 90% of LBP group indicated abnormal Extension-Flexion Ratio(E/F ratio)(1.0 < Normal E/F ratio <1.6). When it comes to analyze relation between obesity index and muscle strength, Ext.PT/BW was significantly decreased according to PBF, WHR score. And correlation coefficient in Flex.PT, Flex.PT/BW, Ext.PT, Ext.PT/BW and PBF showed decreasing function. Conclusions : Results from this investigation showed positive correlation between obesity and LBP prevalence. Decreased muscle strength and inbalanced E/F ratio were shown in LBP. Trunk muscle strength was changed according to body mass composition parameters. This results are expected to contribute to prevent and diagnose LBP by application the clinical index of body composition analysis.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-37
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• 2022

This paper discusses an improved unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV, configuration characterized by telescopic booms to optimize the flight mechanics and fuel consumption of the aircraft at various loading/flight conditions.The starting point consists of a full-composite smaller UAV which was derived by a general aviation ultralight motorized aircraft ULM. The present design, named ToBoFlex, extends the two-booms configuration to a three tons aircraft. To adapt the design to needs relevant to different applications, new solutions were proposed in aerodynamic fields and materials and structural areas. Different structural solutions were reported. To optimize aircraft endurance, the innovative concept of Telescopic Tail Boom was considered along with two different tails architecture. A new structural configuration of the fuselage was proposed. Further consideration of hydrogen fuel cell electric propulsion is now being studied in collaboration between the Polytechnic of Turin and Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University which could be the starting point of future investigations.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.93-104
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of work environment and low back pain on the structural and muscle strength changes in lumbar spine to helpful for preventation and cure of low back pain. Methods : Through measuring of lumbosacral angle, lumbar lordotic angle, lumbar gravity line ratio analyzed structure of lumbar spine and using Trunk Extension Flexion Program of CYBEX NORM System(cybex770+TMC, USA) analyzed Flex. PT, Ext. PT, E/F ratio of lumbar spine of company employees given a medical examination. Results : According to work environment, lumbar gravity line ratio is higher in white collar group than in blue collar group, Ext. PT is significantly lower in white collar group than in blue collar group. According to low back pain or not, lumbar gravity line ratio, Ext. PT is lower in low back pain group than in non-low back pain group. Conclusions : Work environment and low back pain effects on the structural and muscle strength changes in lumbar spine.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.381-389
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• 2017

In the present study, the advanced procedure has been proposed to estimate higher accuracy of embedment of pipes that are installed on soft clay seabed. Numerical simulation by OrcaFlex simulation code was performed to investigate dynamic seabed embedment, and two steps, i.e., static and dynamic analysis, were adopted. In total, four empirical curves were developed to estimate the seabed embedment including dynamic phenomena, i.e., behaviour of vessel, environmental condition, and behaviour of nonlinear soil. The obtained results were compared with existing methods (named general method) such as design code or guideline to examine the difference of seabed embedment for existing and advance methods. Once this process was carried out for each case, a diagram for estimating seabed embedment was established. The applicability of the proposed method was verified through applied examples with field survey data. This method will be very useful in predicting seabed embedment on soft clay, and the structural behaviours of installed subsea pipelines can be changed by the obtained seabed embedment in association with on-bottom stability, free span, and many others.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.26-36
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• 2012

Minimizing the cylinder wear and the consumption rate of cylinder oil in a large two-stroke diesel engine is of great economic importance. A motor-driven cylinder lubricator for Sulzer RT-flex large two-stroke diesel engines developed by authors is in need of mounting a quill system to lubricate cylinder parts for a smooth operation. In order to apply the common-rail lubricating system to the developed cylinder lubricator as the second research stage, the mechanical quill system with a progressively quantitative distributor (M.D.S.) is improved in the electronically controlled quill system with an accumulating distributor (E.D.S.). In this study, the effects of lubricator motor speed, plunger stroke and cylinder back pressure on oil feed rate and inequality rate are experimentally investigated by applying E.D.S. to the developed cylinder lubricator. It is found that the oil feed rate of E.D.S. is higher than that of M.D.S. because of the increase of delivery speed and volume by changing the role of accumulator in the same experimental condition. It can be also shown that, in E.D.S., the inequality rate is decreased a little or hardly unchanged as the cylinder back pressure and plunger stroke is elevated, while the inequality rate increased in M.D.S.. The inequality rates of E.D.S. and M.D.S. are lowered as the lubricator motor speed is increased.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.318-323
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• 2020

Objective: Reacquisition of motor functions following stroke depends on interhemispheric neural connections. The intervention highlighted in the present case is an insight for augmenting motor recovery by stimulating the lesioned area and adjacent areas governing the motor behaviour of an individual. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in the motor and cognitive outcomes through multi target stimulation of cortical areas by application of multichannel transcranial direct current stimulation (M-tDCS) in a stroke survivor. Design: A case report. Methods: The patient was a participant of a trial registered with the clinical trial registry of India (CTRI/2020/01/022998). The patient was intervened with M-tDCS over the left primary motor cortex i.e. C3 point and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex i.e. F3 point with 0.5-2 mA intensity for the period of 20 minutes. SaeboFlex-assisted task-oriented training, functional electrical stimulation over the lower extremity (LE) to elicit dorsiflexion at the ankle and eversion of the foot, and conventional physiotherapy rehabilitation including a tailored exercise program were performed. Outcome assessment was done using the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale (FMA) for the upper and lower extremity (UE and LE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS) and the Stroke Specific Quality of Life (SSQOL) measures. Assessment was taken at Day 0, 15 and 30 post intervention. Results: Improvement was observed in all the outcome measures i.e FMA (UE and LE), MOCA, SSQOL and WGS across the span of 4 weeks. Conclusions: M-tDCS induced improvement in motor functions of the UE and LE, gait parameters and cognitive functions of the patient.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2009

Objectives : In order to investigate change of isokinetic trunk muscle strength according to decrease of body composition analysis parameter after obesity treatment. Methods : 2 obese patients have been treated with oriental medical obese treatment for 1 month. One patient got the exercise treatment, another didn't. Before and after treatment, the segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis, isokinetic trunk muscle strength test were performed. Then we analyzed the relationship of data. Results : After obesity treatment, BMI(Body Mass Index), PBF(Percentage of Body Fat), WHR(Waist Hip Ratio) were decreased in all patient and LBM(Lean Body Mass) was increased. In non-exercise patient, Ext.PT(extension Peak Torque) was decreased and Flex.PT(flexion Peak Torque) was increased. In exercise patient showed the opposite results. E/F ratio became more imbalance. Conclusions: Ext.PT was decreased in non-exercise patient but increased in exercise patient. And the trunk muscle strength became imbalance in both patients, right after the treatment. So trunk muscle exercise should be carried out and it is necessary to do long term study.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.413-433
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• 2017

The dynamic and structural responses of a 1000-m long circular submerged floating tunnel (SFT) with both ends fixed under survival irregular-wave excitations are investigated. The floater-mooring nonlinear and elastic coupled dynamics are modeled by a time-domain numerical simulation program, OrcaFlex. Two configurations of mooring lines i.e., vertical mooring (VM) and inclined mooring (IM), and four different buoyancy-weight ratios (BWRs) are selected to compare their global performances. The result of modal analysis is included to investigate the role of the respective natural frequencies and elastic modes. The effects of various submergence depths are also checked. The envelopes of the maximum/minimum horizontal and vertical responses, accelerations, mooring tensions, and shear forces/bending moments of the entire SFT along the longitudinal direction are obtained. In addition, at the mid-section, the time series and the corresponding spectra of those parameters are also presented and analyzed. The pros and cons of the two mooring shapes and high or low BWR values are systematically analyzed and discussed. It is demonstrated that the time-domain numerical simulation of the real system including nonlinear hydro-elastic dynamics coupled with nonlinear mooring dynamics is a good method to determine various design parameters.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2014

Minimizing the cylinder wear and the consumption rate of cylinder oil in a large two-stroke diesel engine is of great economic importance. A motor-driven cylinder lubricator for Sulzer RT-flex large two-stroke diesel engines developed by authors is in need of improving the lubricating system to lubricate cylinder parts optimally by an electronically controlled quill device according to changes of engine load and revolution speed. In order to apply the developed accumulating distributor to an integrated cylinder lubricator by the electronically controlled system as the third research stage, the lubricating system is improved in the electronically controlled quill device with a solenoid valve. In this study, the effects of lubricator revolution speed, driving pressure(or plunger stroke) and cylinder back pressure on oil feed rate and lubrication inequality rate are investigated by using the integrated cylinder lubricator system with an accumulated distribution by the electronic control(I.C.S.), and the oil feed rate and lubrication inequality rate of I.C.S. are compared with those of the motor-driven cylinder lubricator by the electronically controlled quill system equipped with an accumulating distributor(E.D.S.). It is found that the oil feed rate of I.C.S. is smaller than that of E.D.S. due to the reduction of delivery velocity by the higher delivery pressure, and the variances of lubrication inequality rate for I.C.S. have become smaller than those of E.D.S. as the driving pressure in all experimental conditions increases, except for the driving pressure of 26 bar(plunger stroke 2 mm) at the cylinder lubricator speed of 120 rpm.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.246-257
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• 2005

The flora was summarized as 176 taxa; 66families, 135genera, 147species,25varieties and 4forms in Mulgun-ni Windbreak Forest and 1531axa; 63families, 123genera, 138species, 13varieties and 2forms in Mijo-ri Windbreak Forest. The Specific Plant Species which is categorized by the Minisoy of Environment, Korea, was summarized as 24 taxa for the Degree I and 3 taxa for the Degree III in Mulgun-ni Windbreak Forest: Eusraphis japonica(Staphyleaceae), Aphananthe aspera(Ulmaceae), Ficus erecta(Moraceae), Puccinellia coreensis (Gramineae), Rhus succedanea(Anacariaceae), Koelreuteria paniculata(Sapindaceae) and 28 taxa for the Degree 1 and 7 taxa for the Degree III in Mijo-ri Windbreak Forests: Castanopsis cuspidata val. sieboldii(Fagaceae), Rubus h irsutus(Rosaceae), Elaeagnus macrophylla(Elaeagnaceae), Cinnamom urn japonic urn (Lauraceae), flex integra (Aquifuliaceae) and Lazoste lancEyolia(Lauraceae). From the enlisted vascular plants surveyed, the naturalized plants were 17 taxa in Mulgun-ni Windbreak Forest and 9 taxa in Mijo-ri Windbreak Forests with the Naturalization Index was 9.7 percent and 5.9 percent respectively.