• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2020

Background: Flat-footed persons with collapsed medial longitudinal arch lose flexibility after skeletal maturity, resulting in several deformities and soft tissue injuries. Although arch support taping is usually applied in the clinic to support the collapsed arch, research on the use of different types of tape for more efficient arch support in flat-footed persons is lacking. Objects: The purpose of this study was to examine three conditions (barefoot, kinesio tape, and dynamic tape) and compare their effects on static and dynamic balance in persons with asymptomatic flexible flatfoot. Methods: Twenty-two subjects (9 females and 13 males) with asymptomatic flexible flatfoot participated in this study. The subjects performed the Y-balance test to measure the composite reach score. The subjects also performed a 30-second standing test to measure the center of pressure (COP) path length and a walking test to measure anteroposterior and lateral variability using the Zebris FDM system. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance compared the three conditions applied to the subjects' feet for each balance variable. Results: The composite reach score significantly increased following the application of dynamic tape compared with barefoot and that of kinesio tape compared with barefoot. There was no significant difference in the COP path length during standing among the three conditions. Anteroposterior and lateral variability during walking significantly with dynamic tape application compared with barefoot. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that, in persons with asymptomatic flexible flatfoot, application of kinesio tape and dynamic tape may be effective in increasing the composite reach score in Y-balance test, whereas application of dynamic tape may be effective in reducing anteroposterior and lateral variability during walking.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2020

Purpose: A flatfoot that fails to form a longitudinal foot arch is a common lower limb deformity in children. This study evaluated the structural and functional effects of the insole for pediatric flexible flat foot (PFFF). Materials and Methods: Twenty-nine PFFF patients (20 boys and 9 girls, 58 feet) with bilateral symptomatic flatfoot deformities between February 2017 and May 2019 were included in this study. Sixteen patients (32 cases, study group) were treated with a pressured based 3-dimensional printing insole, and 13 patients (26 cases, control group) were followed up regularly without any treatment. Flatfoot was diagnosed by a lateral talo-first metatarsal angle of more than 4° in convex downward and talocalcaneal angles of more than 30° and a calcaneal pitch of less than 20°. The foot pressures, including the midfoot pressure, total foot pressure, and the ratio of the midfoot pressure to the total foot pressure, were evaluated by pedobarography. The clinical scores were assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), and Pediatrics Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) scores. Results: The mean age of the study group was 9.16 years, and the mean age of the control group was 7.73 years. The mean follow-up period was 16 months. The change in the lateral talocalcaneal angle was -4.664°±1.239° in the study group and -0.484°±1.513° in the control group. A significant difference in the amount of change of the lateral talocalcaneal angle was observed between the two groups (p=0.034). The midfoot pressures were similar in the two groups. Conclusion: Pressure based customized 3-dimensional printing insole in PFFF may have some effect on the hindfoot bony alignment, but it does not affect the changes in midfoot pressure.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 1997

It was well known that arthrodesis of the tarsal joint is an exellent procedure to correct the flatfoot deformity for relieving pain. Recently, concept of the selective tarsal joint fusion instead of the triple fusion was developedto preserve the joint motion. To investigate and compare the effect of the each different tarsal fusion, we measured the strain at the spring ligament, medial roof of the medial longitudianl arch. Five fresh frozen cadevar foot specimens, with distal half of the tibia were utilized. The superomedial portion of the spring ligament complex was dissected from the origin to the insertion. For each specimen, a calibrated open liquid metal strain guage was secured along the length of the superomedial portion. Under the specially devised test rig, measurement of the strain was taken at each test condition from the tare weight 18.2 lb followed by 38.2 lb., 82.2 lb and a maximum loads of 134.6 lb. : 1) unfused condition, 2) isolated subtalar fusion 3) isolated talonavicular fusion 4) combined subtalar and talonavicular fusion 5) triple fusion. Statistics showed that siginificant reduction in strain following the triple fusion, and from the subtalar fusion to triple fusion.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.364-369
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze lower limb muscle activity and 3D motion analysis according to change foot arch height during walking. We selected 9 young and healthy people who have been normal foot. And we selected 7 young and healthy people who have been flatfoot. So, people were divided into 2 groups and walked platform during 2 minutes twice for checked by 3D motion analysis. These data were characterized by EMG measurements of three muscles( tibialis anterior, medial and lateral gastrocnemius) while they were walking. The collected data were analyzed by Independent t test using the SPSS statistics program(Ver 12.0). In foot arch change, there were no significant difference in three muscles 3D motion analysis also found that there were no significant difference in joint angles. In this study was to analyze lower limb muscle activity and 3D motion analysis according to change foot arch, but there were no significant difference in 6 muscles neither joint angles.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the short-term results of medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy without flexor digitorum longus transfer for flexible flatfoot deformity. Materials and Methods: Twenty four patients (25 feet) who had undergone medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy without flexor digitorum longus transfer for flexible flatfoot between July 2004 and May 2007 were included. The mean age was 43.6 years (16~78 years). The mean follow-up was 26 months (14~50 months). Clinical outcomes were assessed using American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and visual analogue scale (VAS). Six radiographic parameters were measured from weightbearing radiographs to assess the difference between preoperative and postoperative radiographs. Results: The mean AOFAS score improved from 57.9 points preoperatively to 89.2 points at latest follow-up (p=0.000). The mean VAS improved from 62 points preoperatively to 23 points at latest follow-up (p=0.000). The mean talonavicular coverage angle on anteroposterior (AP) view changed from 20.2 degrees to 16.0 degrees (p=0.002). The mean calcaneal pitch angle on lateral view changed from 12.6 degrees preoperatively to 14.5 degrees at latest follow-up (p=0.001). Regarding these radiographic parameters, the difference between interobserver measurements was larger than that between pre- and post-operative measurements. The calcaneus was transferred medially by average 11.8 mm (p=0.003), which was 27.9% of the width of calcaneal tuberosity (p=0.000). The mean talo-first metatarsal angle on AP and lateral views, and navicular height on lateral view were not significantly changed. Conclusion: Medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy without flexor digitorum longus transfer for flexible flatfoot could lead to improve the clinical outcomes, although the restoration of medial longitudinal arch was not clinically significant.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.32-34
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• 2015

Accessory navicular is a congenital anomaly appearing in the secondary ossification center on the tuberosity of the navicular that may cause flatfoot. Bipartite medial cuneiform is another rare congenital anomaly occurring as two primary ossification centers in the medial cuneiform. The authors report a rare case of symptomatic bilateral accessory navicular with bipartite medial cuneiform and flatfoot deformity in a 19-year-old man with a review of the literature.

• 대한족부족관절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한족부족관절학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 및 총회
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• pp.43-43
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• 2008

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2008

Purpose: To determine the clinical and radiographic results of arthroereisis using the $Kalix^{(R)}$ implant (Newdeal, Lyon, France) for the treatment of flexible flatfoot deformity. Materials and Methods: From February 2005 to February 2007, we performed the subtalar arthroereisis on 8 patients (9 feet) of symptomatic flexible flat feet after more than 6 months of conservative treatment. Average age was 14.5 years ($11{\sim}29$ years) old. We checked the functional status with AOFAS functional score pre-operatively and at final follow-up. Radiologically, we took weight bearing anterior to posterior and lateral view of the feet, and measured the talo-first metatarsal angle, calcaneal pitch angle in pre-operatively and at final follow-up. Results: Mean follow up period was 34.4 months. Average AOFAS score improved from preoperatively 65.6 to postoperatively 94.8. Average lateral talo-first metatarsal angle reduced from $12.8^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $1.6^{\circ}$ at final follow-up. Average anterior to posterior talo-first metatarsal angle was reduced from $15.1^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $8.3^{\circ}$ at final follow-up. Average calcaneal pitch angle was increased from $9.5^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $12.0^{\circ}$ at final follow-up. Conclusions: Subtalar arthroereisis with Kalix$K^{(R)}$ implant can be considered to be one of treatment options symptomatic flatfoot deformity patients.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2015

The purposes of this study were 1) to determine the effects of low-dye taping on peak plantar pressure following treadmill walking exercise, 2) to determine whether the biomechanical effectiveness of low-dye taping in peak plantar pressure was still maintained following removal of the tape during treadmill walking, and 3) to determine the trend towards a medial-to-lateral shift in peak plantar pressure in the midfoot region before and after application of low-dye taping. Twenty subjects with flexible flatfoot were recruited using a navicular drop test. The peak plantar pressure data were recorded during five treadmill walking sessions: (1) un-taped, (2) baseline-taped, (3) after a 10-minute treadmill walking exercise, (4) after a 20-minute treadmill walking exercise, and (5) after removal of the taping. The foot was divided into six parts during the data analysis. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to investigate peak plantar pressure variations in the six foot parts in the five sessions. This study resulted in significantly increased medial forefoot peak plantar pressure compared to the un-taped condition (p=.017, post 10-minute treadmill walking exercise) and (p=.021, post 20-minute treadmill walking exercise). The peak plantar pressure in the lateral forefoot showed that there was a significant decrease after sessions of baseline-taped (p=.006) and 10-minute of treadmill walking exercise (p=.46) compared to the un-taped condition. The tape removal values were similar to the un-taped values in the five sessions. Thus, the findings of the current study may be helpful when researchers and clinicians estimate single taping effects or consider how frequently taping should be replaced for therapeutic purposes. Further studies are required to investigate the evidence in support of biomechanical effectiveness of low-dye taping in the midfoot region.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5211-5217
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• 2012

본 연구는 발강화 훈련이 유연성 편평발이 동반된 엄지발가락가쪽휨증을 가진 젊은 성인의 엄지발가락가쪽 휨증을 향상하는지에 대하여 평가하였다. 대상자는 총 28명으로 발강화 훈련군(14명)과 대조군(14명)으로 무작위로 나누었다. 8주 훈련 동안 두 군 모두 I.D.W를 착용하였다. 실험군은 발강화 훈련을 8주 동안 주 3회 1회당 20분씩 발강화 훈련을 받았다. 발의 구조와 최대 압력은 엄지발가락 가 쪽 휨 각도, 발허리 뼈의 각도, 발배뼈 높이 변화, 엄지발가락 압력, 2~5번째 발가락 압력, 첫 번째 발 허리뼈 압력, 두 번째 발 허리뼈 압력, 세 번째 발 허리뼈 압력, 네 번째 발허리 뼈 압력, 다섯 번째 발허리 뼈 압력, 중간 발 압력, 안쪽 발뒤꿈치 압력, 바깥쪽 발뒤꿈치 압력에 의하여 평가되었다. 발강화 훈련을 한 군에서 엄지발가락 가 쪽 휨 각도, 1~2 발허리뼈의 각도, 엄지발가락 압력, 첫번째 발 허리뼈 압력, 두 번째 발 허리뼈 압력, 세 번째 발 허리뼈 압력, 중간 발에서 구조와 압력이 유의하게 향상되었다. 본 연구의 결과에서 발 강화 훈련은 유연성 편평발을 동반한 가쪽발가락휨증을 가진 환자에게 유용하고 적절한 훈련으로 제안할 수 있을 것이다.