• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2003

자동차 Oil cooler용 호스를 구성하는 고무재료의 내열 및 난연성을 향상시키기 위하여 인산 에스테르계 화합물을 내열 및 난연제로 하여 제조한 염소화 폴리에틸렌(CPE) 배합고무의 가황 특성, 물리적 성질, 내열성, 난연성 및 변량효과를 조사하였다. 호스용 고무재료는 기존의 ethyleneacrylate rubber(EAR)보다 화학적 내식성과 내한성이 우수하면서도 가격이 저렴한 CPE 고무재료를 사용하였으며, 난연제는 비할로겐 축합 인산 에스테르계인 N,N'-bis-(diphenylphosphoro) diaminohexane(BDPDH)를 합성하여 CPE 고무재료와 $0{\sim}30 phr$ 범위에서 혼련하였다. 배합고무시편의 경도, 인장강도, 신율, 인장응력 및 열적 특성을 측정한 결과, CPE 배합고무의 유동성, 난연성, 내열성이 향상되었음을 확인하였으며, 고무재료 규격을 초과하지 않는 범위 내에서 최대의 내열 및 난연 효과를 주는 BDPDH의 배합량은 20 phr로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.21-28
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• 1986

Plywood used for construction as a decorative inner material is inflammable and can fire accident, causing destruction of human life and property. In this study, 3.5mm Kapur plywoods were soaked in the 23% monoammonium phosphate solutions by cold soaking method 3, 6, 9hrs and hot-cold bath method for 3/3hrs, and redrying was carried out by press-drying at the platen temperature of 110, 130, 160, 180$^{\circ}C$, and then fire test was carried out to investigate burning point, flame exhausted length, frame spread length, back side carbonized area and weight loss. The results are as follows; 1. In cold soaking method for 3, 6, 9hrs. retentions of monoammonium phosphate were 0.377, 0.448, 0.498kg/(30cm)$^3$ respectively, and in hot-cold bath method for 3/3hrs, the retention was 1.331kg(30cm)$^3$ that exceeded the minimum retention 1.124kg/(30cm)$^3$. 2. Correlation coefficients among the variable were shown in table 2. From the table, it could be recognized that there were close negative correlations between the treatment and burning point, flame spread length, back side carbonized area, flame exhausted time and weight loss, and there was negative correlation between treating time and back side carbonized area, but there was positive correlation between platen temperature and burning point. 3. From table 3, it can be observed that there were highly significant differences for burning point, flame spread length, flame exhausted time, back side carhonized area, weight loss between treatments. And in 2-way interactions, there were also highly significant for burning point, flame spread length, flame exhausted time, weight loss between time x treatment. 4. It was observed that burning point, flame exhausted time, flame spread length, back side carbonized area, and weight loss in fire-retardant treated plywood were the best effects in fire-retardant treated plywood, water treated plywood and nontreated plywood. In conclusion, I can estimate that absorbed chemical contents by hot-cold bath method for 3/3hrs, have a lot of effects on fire-retardant factors such as burning point, flame spread length, flame exhausted time, backside carbonized area and weight loss, but platen temperatures have a little effects on the fire factors.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.35-41
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• 2008

Qualitative enhancement of dwelling life has changing the recognition for the environment friendly wood which is being highlighted for its usage as an interior materials. This trend may prove the excellent performance of wood whose inherent characteristics has its comfortable, mild feeling of material, sound resistance and stabilities and the market of interior woods including floor, moulding and wooden panel as finishing interior materials is growing sustainably. However, since this materials is vulnerable to humidity and flame, waterproofing and flame retarding stability, an essential condition for interior materials, together with maintenance, are the main topics to be resolved. From the above-mentioned results, as a result of waterdrop contact angle, wood absorption volume and water content percentage test and the performance test of the processed materials after flame retardant, though there was some submerging time changes among types of woods for ensuring waterproofing performance improvement but as time passes, similar tendency was noticed to be formulated. As the submerging time is increased, so does the absorption volume and accordingly optimal level of range is judged to be drawn in order to ensure excellent performance, taking optimal economy into consideration. Therefore, it is considered that above-mentioned woods could be utilized for waterproof and flame retardant processed interior materials using uniform microwave and in order to put this technology into practical application, a research by way of diversified performance proving is required to be carried out.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2020

This study was conducted to identify problems in domestic flame-retardant performance specifications. Currently, the domestic wallcovering anti-inflammatory regulations are not prepared for damage caused by smoke, with the carbonized area as the main function. In particular, given that smoke is the main cause of human casualties and injuries in a fire, it is reasonable that the flame density and toxicity of the wallcovering should also be the main performance indicators. The scope and method of research in this study were as follows. First, a prior study related to fire on various wallcoverings was considered. Second, it raised questions about the effects of smoke in the event of a fire and domestic anti-inflammatory performance tests. Third, textile wallcovering samples were manufactured with viscose rayon for experimental verification of the problems and tested by Korean and EU standards without flame retardant processing to analyze the differences between each regulation. Fourth, the performance of flame retardant wallcovering according to Korean standards was evaluated using smoke density and harmful gas testing methods. The results of each test were as follows. Non-fire retardant wallcovering was rejected by Korea standards. However, B-s1.d0 in Europe. Smoke density testing and harmful gas by domestic combustion processing on the same sample showed that the smoke density increased about 4.3 times more than before, and the harmful gas test showed that the suspension of the post-processing sample slowed earlier than the non-processed sample.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.330-337
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• 2021

3D 프린팅의 기술발전으로 대형물 제작이 가능하게 되면서 이를 건축물에 적용하기 위한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 건축물에서는 구조재와 비구조재로 구분되고 비구조재는 비정형 구조물 및 내·외장패널에 적용하기 유리하다. 3D 프린팅 재료는 기본적으로 시멘트 모르타르의 압출과 적층이 가능해야하므로 시멘트 혼화용 폴리머 와 경량재료의 사용이 필수적이다. 본 연구는 3D 프린팅 적용을 위해 시멘트 모르타르에 EVA 재유화형 분말수지를 사용하였다. 경량재료 혼입 폴리머 시멘트 모르타르의 난연특성을 평가하기 위해 골재로는 규사8호와 경량재료로 경량골재, 중공글라스를 사용하여 난연 및 불연성능을 평가하였다. 연구결과, 규사8호 및 경량골재를 사용한 시험체가 충분한 난연 및 불연성능을 보였다. EVA 재유화형 분말수지를 혼입할 경우 5% 이하로 적용하여 사용하는 것이 유리하다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2021

발전용 가스터빈에 사용되는 이중 콘형 예혼합 연소기의 성능 개선 및 검증을 위하여 기존 노즐에서 연료 분사 특성을 개선한 노즐(분사구 직경 증가, 분사구 수 감소, 총 분사면적 유지)을 이용하여 고압 및 다중화염 조건에서 실험 연구를 수행하였으며 배기가스 특성을 기존 노즐과 비교하였다. 실험 결과로는 노즐의 연료 직경을 크게 한 경우 연소용 공기로 연료의 침투 거리가 증가하기 때문에 콘 내부에서 연료와 공기의 혼합특성이 개선되어 상압뿐만 아니라 압력 상승 시 NOx 배출 농도는 감소하며 다중 화염의 경우 화염간 연소영역의 중첩이 감소하게 되어 NOx 배출은 감소하지만 화염 안정성은 저하된다. 연료 분사구를 개선한 노즐의 발전 플랜트 실증 결과는 실험 결과와 같이 기존 노즐에 비하여 NOx 농도가 낮게 배출되었다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2014

본 연구는 인화성 액체를 특정 용기에 담유하고 구획된 공간에서 연소 실험을 실시하여 연소 패턴을 분석하는 데 있다. 담유 실험에 사용된 용기는 깊이 20 mm, 넓이 150 mm의 플라스틱이다. 화염이 착화되어 연소되는 과정은 디지털카메라(digital camera) 및 비디오카메라(video camera)를 이용하여 확보하였다. 화염이 최성기에 도달하는 속도는 벤젠이 가장 빠르고 약 60 s이다. 반면 가장 늦게 것은 알코올이었으며 약 360.0 s로 6배 정도 차이가 있었다. 화염이 최성기에 도달하였을 때 플라스틱 용기와 인화성 액체가 동시에 연소됨에 따라 연기는 대부분 검정색이었다. 연소가 완료된 후유증 검지관(crime investigation tube)을 이용하여 유증을 조사한 결과 대두유를 제외한 모든 인화성 물질에서 유증 채취가 가능했다. 즉, 연소 물질의 종류에 따라 화재의 확산 속도 및 패턴 등에 큰 차이가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 페놀 폼의 난연성을 증가시키기 위하여 널리 사용되고 있는 인계 난연제의 첨가에 따른 페놀 폼과 폴리우레탄 폼의 난연 성능을 비교 평가하였다. 난연제가 첨가된 페놀 폼과 폴리우레탄 폼을 각각 열분석(TGA)을 통하여 열분해 거동을 알아보았고 Cone calorimeter를 이용하여 열방출량(HRR), 연기발생량(TSR) 및 CO 및 $CO_2$ 발생량과 산소한계지수(Limited oxygen index, LOI)를 통하여 난연성능을 평가하였다. 실험 결과 페놀폼이 폴리우레탄 폼에 비해 초기 분해는 빠르지만 $800^{\circ}C$에서 잔존량이 월등히 많았으며 낮은 열방출속도 값을 나타내었다. 또한 질량 감소율, 연기발생량도 폴리우레탄 폼보다 낮아 우수한 난연성능을 가지는 것을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.907-914
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• 2005

Experiments at the Japan Microgravity Center (JAMIC) have investigated the interaction between diffusion flames and solid surfaces Placed neat flames The fuel for the flames was $C_{2} H_{4}$ The surrounding oxygen concentration was 35$\%$ with surrounding air temperatures of $T_{a}$ : 300K. Especially, the effect of wall temperature on soot deposition from a diffusion flame Placed near the wall has been studied by utilizing microgravity environment, which can attain very stable flame along the wall. Cylindrical burner with fuel injection was adopted to obtain two dimensional soot distributions by laser extinction method. In the experiment two different wall temperatures. $T_{w}$=300, 800 K, were selected as test conditions The results showed that the soot distribution between flame and burner wall was strong1y affected by the wall temperature and soot deposition increases with decrease in wall temperature. The comparison among the values lot two different wall temperatures suggests that the change in thermophoretic effect is the most dominant factor to give the change in soot deposition characteristics.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is application to flame retardant powder coating(FRPC) material consisting of ammonium polyphosphate(APP) and magnesium hydroxide($Mg(OH)_2$) as a halogen free flame retardant into thermoplastic resin(LDPE-g-MAH). For improvement of adhesion, LDPE-g-MAH was synthesized from low density polyethylene(LDPE) and maleic anhydride(MAH). The mechanical properties as melt flow index, pencil hardness, cross-hatch adhesion and impact resistance of FRPC were measured. Also, the limited oxygen index(LOI) values were measured 17.3vol%, 31.1vol% and 33.7vol% for LDPE-g-MAH, FRPC-3(APP 15wt%, $Mg(OH)_2$ 15wt%) and FRPC-5(APP 30 wt%), respectively. The thermo gravimetry/differential thermal analysis(TG/DTA) of FPRC-3 was observed endothermic peak at $340^{\circ}C$ and $450^{\circ}C$, it was confirmed predominant thermal stability though the wide temperature range by APP and $Mg(OH)_2$. It was showed V-0 grade for FRPC-3 and FRPC-4(APP 20wt%, $Mg(OH)_2$ 10wt%) that a char formation and drip suppressing effect, and combustion time reduced by UL94(vertical burning test). It was confirmed that flame retardancy was improved with the synergy effect because of char formation by APP and $Mg(OH)_2$.