• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2004

The chestnut is a well-blown and important forest product in Korea. The annual production of chestnut is about 95,000 tons and its cultivating area is 80,000 ha. However, the peeling process of outer and inner skins of chestnut is very difficult due to hardness and adhesiveness of chestnut skin. The purpose of this study was to develop a prediction model for flame peeling characteristics of domestic chestnuts, and to evaluate an optimization model to determine the operation conditions of the chestnut flame peeling system. The results of this study were summarized as follows. It was found that the flame peeling characteristics of domestic chestnuts were by the flame temperature, and the flame time. The peeling ratio and the heating depth were increased as the flame temperature and the flame time were increased. The peeling ratio and the heating depth were increased linearly when those were less than 85 % and 2 mm respectively. As the hardness of chestnut shell was decreased, the peeling ratio was increased. A simulation model was developed to predict the peeling ratio and the heating depth based on the hardness of the chestnut shell, the flame temperature, and the flame time of the peeling system. The model was evaluated by comparing the measurement and the prediction of the peeling ratios and heating depths, and showed the good relationship.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate an optimization model to determine the operation conditions of the chestnuts flame peeling system. The results of this study were summarized as follows. The optimization model was developed and evaluated to represent the flame peeling characteristics of the domestic chestnuts. When the heating depth was selected for various utilization of the peeled chestnuts, the model could determine the optimal conditions of the hardness of the chestnut shells, the flame temperature, and the flame time to get the maximum peeling ratio of the chestnut flame peeling system. When the heating depth was limited to 2.2 mm, the optimization model determined the proper operation conditions and the maximum peeling ratio such as 1594 g/$\textrm{mm}^2$ of the hardness of the chestnut shells, 780$^{\circ}C$ of the flame temperature, 29 second of the flame time, and 98.1 % of the peeling ratio.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.351-358
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• 1998

It was intended to investigate that how hardness of chestnut shell affects the flame peeling characteristics of Korean Chestnut. Effects of the hardness on the flame peeling characteristics need to be found to establish the optimum drying conditions for chestnut of various cultivars, sizes and harvested years. The equation based on the hardness of the chestnut shells was developed. It was found that the flame peeling characteristics of the corresponding to the various drying conditions did not differ significantly to the groups with the same hardness. The flame peeling characteristics of the chestnut with the same hardness were not influenced by cultivars, size, and harvested year, The peeling ratio and the heating depth were increased by decrease of the hardness of the chestnut shells. On the other hand, the peeling ratio and the heating depth were increased as the flame temperature was increased with the same hardness. When the heating depth was limited to 2.1 mm regarding the process characteristics and the damage ratio, the proper hardness and peeling ratio of chestnut shells were 1,369.8 g/$\textrm{mm}^2$ and 83.9%, respectively, at the flame temperature of $700^{\circ}C$. And also 1,517.7 g/$\textrm{mm}^2$ and 80.7% at 75$0^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.289-294
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• 1997

The chestnut is a well-known and important forest product in Korea. The annual production of chestnut is about 100, 000tons and its cultivating area is 80, 000ha. However, the peeling process of outer and inner skins of chestnut is very difficult due to hardness and adhesiveness of chestnut skin. The peeling process of chestnut was operated by manual work and the performance of chestnut peeling machine is very low. The purpose of this study is to develope the prototype of new chestnut peeling system. The hardness of chestnuts was tested with six different drying conditions and its range was from 949$g/mm^2$ to 2, 149$g/mm^2$. The hardness of chestnuts was decresed gradually during the drying process. The chestnut peeling Process includes sorting, storage, drying, outer skin cutting, flame peeling, continuous frictional skin peeling, and inner skin cutting operation. The developed chestnut peeling system consists of outer skin cutter, flame peeler, continuous frictional skin peeler and inner skin cutter. The system can peel domestic chestnuts at 150$kg/hr$ with peeling rate of 78%.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1999년도 하계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.214-220
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• 1999

일반적으로 농산물의 박피작업의 목표는 박피된 농산물이 좋은 품질과 최소의 손실율로서 최대의 박피효율을 가지는 것이다. 밤의 화염박피 경우에는 제 1보 화염박피 특성에서 알 수 있듯이 박피율이 증가하면 화염박피 밤의 품질과 생율로 유통시에는 손실율과 밀접한 관계를 가지는 열침투 깊이도 증가한다. 이러한 열침투 깊이는 화염박피 밤의 사용용도에 따라 다르게 나타난다. 화염박피 밤을 생율로 유통시에는 열침투 부분을 제거해야 하므로 열침투 깊이가 적을수록 손실율이 적게 나타난다. 그러므로 생율로 유통시에는 손실율을 고려하여 열침투 깊이를 선정해야한다. 가공제품의 원료로 사용할 때에는 가공특성에 따라 열침투 깊이를 선정해야 한다. 쨈 등의 원료로 이용시에는 열침투 깊이가 커져도 사용 가능할 것이며, 박피밤 상태에서 당침투가 필요한 마론그랏세 등의 가공제품에서는 열침투 깊이를 제한할 필요가 있다. (중략)

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1999년도 하계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.205-213
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• 1999

밤의 세계 생산량은 1970 년대 연평균 약 45만 톤에서 1980 년대에 50만 톤으로 증가하였으며, 1990 년대에는 약 45만 톤을 유지하고 있다. 주요 생산국으로는 우리나라를 비롯해 중국, 터키, 이탈리아 등이며, 생산된 물량이 세계 전체 생산량의 약 75%를 차지하고 있다. 1995 년도 기준으로 국가별 생산현황은 중국이 24%, 터키 17%, 이탈리아 16%, 일본이 7%를 차지하고 있으며, 우리나라는 세계 제 2위의 생산국으로 93,655 톤을 생산하여 세계 생산량의 20%를 차지하고 있다. 밤은 국내에서 단일 농산물로서는 수출이 가장 많은 작물로서 1971 연도이래 꾸준히 증가하여 1996 년도에는 29,450톤을 수출하여 수출액이 1억1천2백만불을 달성하는 높은 실적을 나타냈다. (중략)

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.407-414
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• 1999

To evaluate the quality of flame-peeled chestnuts, their physical and chemical properties were analyzed. The physicochemical properties of flame-peeled chestnuts, including geometrical shape, texture and chemical composition, were compared to those of hand-peeled ones. For the flame-peeled chestnuts, some properties in heated and non-heated sections were separately analyzed. The color, texture such as springness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, hardness and chewiness, moisture content, and reducing sugar of the heated section of the flame-peeled chestnuts were significantly different with their non-heated section. But the physicochemical properties of the non-heated section of the flame-peeled chestnuts were similar to those of the hand-peeled ones.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 1988

Boilers and diesel engines have many problems because their exhaust particles, i.e., soot have lots of bad influence on environment. And it's spray and flame have fundamentally axial symmetric shape. To investigate the relationship between fuel concentration distribution of spray and soot concentration distribution as well as temperature distribution of flame, we made a axial symmetric two phase spray-flame and analyzed the structure of is. The measuring method is the principle of the light extinction method for the spray-flame and onion peeling model is applied to analyze the radial distribution of fuel and soot concentration. The temperature of flame is measured by ø 0.4mm Pt-Pt.RH 3% thermocouple. The oils for the experiments are diesel oil and 10% water emulsified diesel oil. It was found that the soot concentration becomes higher as it comes near to the center of flame, and the fuel concentration does, too. And the soot concentration level of diesel oil is generally higher than that of the 10% water emulsified fuel. The maximum flame temperature of diesel oil is 1,17$0^{\circ}C$, however, 10% water emulsified diesel oil is 1,27$0^{\circ}C$.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.14-18
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• 2018

건축 재료로 사용되는 목재의 내화성능에 관한 기존 연구들은 목재에 난연 또는 방염 처리하였을 경우 연소특성을 확인하는 것에 집중되어 졌다. 본 논문에서는 화염에 노출된 목재의 열분해와 밀접한 관련이 있는 내부 온도 변화를 확인하기 위하여 건축용 구조재로 널리 사용되는 미송(Douglas-fir)에 방염액 및 방염도료를 처리 후 표준 가열 온도 곡선에 따라 수평가열로에서 가열실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 방염액을 처리하였을 때 목재내부의 열확산이 현저히 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 방염도료를 처리한 시료의 경우 고온에 노출 되었을 때 도막이 박리되어 방염효과를 기대할 수 없었다. 따라서 두꺼운 목재에 방염효과를 높이기 위해서는 목재표면에 도막을 형성시키는 방염도료보다는 목재내부로 침투하는 방염액을 사용하는 것이 방화효과가 클 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2017

Automotive seat covers with olefin film imported from foreign companies exhibit some problems such as low peeling strength and high burning rate. The traditional manufacturing process requires gas flame or direct heating for the laminating step. This paper introduces an alternative solution that replaces the olefin film and flame lamination method in making automotive seat covers or interior fabrics. We adopt a new manufacturing concept that applies a water-based resin coating to develop a coating system. The coating machine was successfully developed and tested. Results are intended to contribute to improving the quality and productivity of automotive seat cover production.