• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제19권12호
• /
• pp.2197-2204
• /
• 2005

The combination of Gas chromatography (GC) for separation and Flame Ionization Detection (FID) for detection and identification of the components of a mixture of compounds is a fast and strongly proved method of analytic chemistry. The objective of this research was to design a combined High-speed miniature screening Gas chromatograph along with a Flame Ionization Detector for quick, quantitative and qualitative analysis of gas components. This combined GC-FID system is suitable to detect the volatile and semi-volatile hydrocarbons present in a gas mixture. The construction made it less expensive, easy to use and movable. The complete gas path was developed. On/off valves, temperature and flow sensors and their interface electronics were used for controlling purpose. A Microcontroller was programmed to measure the temperature and gas flow using the sensors and to control and regulate them using the electronics and valves. A pocket PC with its touch screen served as a user interface for the system. Software was developed for the pocket PC, which makes the communication possible with the Microcontroller. The system parameters can be indicated in the Pocket PC as simple text and also the analysis result can be displayed.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제28권9호
• /
• pp.1110-1116
• /
• 2004

Experimental measurements of laser-induced ion mobility(LIIM) were performed for ethene/air premixed flames operated near the soot inception point. Soot was ionized using a pulsed laser operated at 532 nm. The ionization signal was collected with a tungsten electrode located in the post-flame region. ionization signals were collected using both a single electrode and dual electrode configuration. Prior LIIM studies have focused on the use of a single biased electrode to generate the electric field, with the burner head serving as the path to ground. In many practical combustion systems, a path to ground is not readily available. To apply the LIIM diagnostic to these geometries, a dual electrode geometry must be employed. The influence of electrode configuration, flame equivalence ratio, and flame height on ionization signal detection was determined. The efficacy of the LIIM diagnostic to detect soot inception in the post-flame region of a premixed flame using a dual electrode configuration was investigated. For the different dual electrode configurations tested, the dual parallel electrode geometry was observed to be most sensitive to detect the soot inception point in a premixed flame.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.160-165
• /
• 2023

Citronella oil, an essential oil extracted through steam distillation from the leaves and stems of Cymbopogon, is a natural complex substance (NCS) regulated by the Korean government for its use in insect repellents. The component ratios of NCSs like citronella oil vary due to differences in manufacturing processes and origins, presenting a challenge in identifying and quantifying these substances in consumer chemical products. This study analysed ten commercially available products of the most commonly used types of citronella oil, specifically Java and Ceylon types, using gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) and GC with flame ionization detection (FID). Through chromatographic data, we aimed to determine the components that can qualitatively identify citronella oil and the indicator ingredients that can be used for content analysis.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.249-253
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is the development of the simple and precise sampling and analysis method of methyl isocyanate(MIC) in the work place as their secondary aliphatic amine derivatives by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The urea derivatives are quantitatively and simultaneously derived from MIC with secondary aliphatic amines such as dipropylamine(DPA), dibutylamine(DBA), and dipentylamine (DAA) in methylene chloride. The method is based on sampling glass tube in XAD-2 resin which is coated with secondary aliphatic amines. The samples are desorbed by $2m{\ell}$ methylene chloride and analysed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector(GC/FID). In the results, the detection limit of the overall procedure and reliable quantity are $0.020-0.027{\mu}g$($1.347-1.740{\mu}g/m^3$(0.529-0.684 ppb) based on a 15 L air volume) MIC per sample. The average desorption efficiencies are 97.96 - 101.23 %. The results of versus storage time are high and stable recovery rates.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.265-275
• /
• 2000

By using thermal desorption/gas chromatograph/flame ionization detector(TD/GC/FID), this study was carried out to evalute an accuracy and a precision on Benzene(B), Toluene(T), o-Xylene(X) analysis in an industrial hygiene laboratory. Limits of detection of TD/GC/FID on B, T, X were showed 13.75ng/sample or less. For the accuracy of the method by concentration levels, overall bias was showed 7.7% as an absolute value, and the pooled coefficient of variation showed 3.51%. For the precision on repeatability of peak area and retention time between within-run and between-run of analytical system, it is showed the results of within-run gave better than those of between-run. Also the accuracy by sorbents(Tenax TA and Chromosorb 106)was evaluated, and the precision on reproducibility between MDHS72 and this study was compared. It is showed it is possible for TD/GC/FID to evaluate accurately B, T, X concentration levels of less than 1ppm at indoor or outdoor of workplaces in Korea.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.77-87
• /
• 2014

In this study, an experimental approach to measure a suite of low weight hydrocarbons was investigated with an emphasis on ethylene (EL) along with many others (ethane (EA), propane (PA), propylene (PL), n-butane (BA), acetylene (AL), methyl acetylene (ML)). Their concentrations were quantified using GC-FID system equipped with thermal desorption (TD) system. The TD-based analysis was conducted using both Link Tube/Thermal Desorber (LT/TD) method and Modified Injection through a Thermal Desorption (MITD) method. The results of these analyses were evaluated in a number of respects. The system allowed the detection of all compounds except methane with the mean response factor (RF) of 10.28 (EA) to 11.94 (PL). The method detection limits of target compounds were seen in the range of 0.027 (ML) to 0.146 ng (BA). The emission flux of some environmental samples (fruits), when measured using a small flux chamber system, fell in the range of 0.14 (AL: Kiwi) to $181ng{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}hr^{-1}$ (EL: Apple Peel). The results of this study confirm that the experimental approach developed in this study allows to accurately measure emissions of low weight hydrocarbons (LWHC) like ethylene from various natural and man-made source processes.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.260-267
• /
• 1985

A gas chromatography with flame ionization detection was developed to measure tranylcypromine in rat urine. The method involves extraction of the drug and the internal standard, phenylpropylamine from the urine using ethyl acetate and back extraction into 0.5N $H_{2}SO_{4}$. Following final extraction using dichloromethane, both the drug and the internal standard were converted to trifluoroacetyl derivatives and analyzed using a column of 3% SE-30 on 80/100 mesh Chromosorb W(HP). A calibration curve was constructed in the range of $5~50{\mu}g$tranylcypromine sulfate in 0.5ml urine and found to be linear. The detection limit was $2{\mu}g$. The tranylcypromine could be analyzed with the percent recovery of $100.81{\pm}8.13$ (SD) ina concentration range of $8-40{\mu}g$ in 0.5ml urine. When 0.4mmol/kg dose of the drug was administered through, an oral route, excretion percent of tranylcypromine in rat urine over 36hr was found to be $11.90{\pm}6.04$ (SD) for tranyleypromine sulfate and $2.23{\pm}0.63$ (SD) for benzyl trans-2-phenylcyclopropanecarbamate.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제21권11호
• /
• pp.1101-1105
• /
• 2000

A simultaneous determination method of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o,m.p-xylene) and TPH (kerosene, diesel, jet fuel and bunker C) in soil with gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was described. The effects of extracti on method, extraction solvent, solvent volume and extraction time on the extraction performance were studied. A sonication method was simpler and more efficient than Soxhlet or shaking methods. Sonication with 10 mL of acetone/methylene chloride (1 : 1, v/v) for 10 min was found to be optimal extraction conditions for 20 g of soil. Peak shapes and quantification of BTEX and TPH were excellent, with linear calibration curves over a wide range of 1-500 mg/L for BTEX and 10-5000 mg/L for TPH. Good reproducibilities by sonication were obtained, with the RSD values below 10%. By using about 20 g of soil, detection limits were 0.8 mg/L for BTEX and 10 mg/L for TPH. The advantages of this procedure are the use of simple and common equipment, reduced volumes of organic solvents, rapid extraction periods of less than 20 min, and simultaneous analysis of volatile and semivolatile compounds.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.18-20
• /
• 2013

Headspace solid phase micro-extraction gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (HS-SPME-GC/FID) method was compared with headspace gas chromatography/mass selective detection (HS-GC/MS). Organic solvent-spiked urine as well as urine samples from workspace was analyzed under optimal condition of each method. Detection limit of each compound by HS-SPME-GC/FID was $3.4-9.5{\mu}g/L$, which enabled trace analysis of organic solvents in urine. Linear range of each organic solvent was $10-400{\mu}g/L$, with fair correlation coefficient between 0.992 and 0.999. The detection sensitivity was 4 times better than HS-GC/MS in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Accuracy and precision was confirmed using commercial reference material, with accuracy around 90% and precision less than 4.6% of coefficient of variance. Among 48 urine samples from workplace, toluene was detected from 45 samples in the range of $20-324{\mu}g/L$, but no other solvents were found. As a method for trace analysis, SPME HS GC/FID showed high sensitivity for biological monitoring of organic solvent in urine.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 1998

아크릴아마이드를 생산하는 공장에서, 근로자가 노출될 가능성이 있는 아크릴아마이드의 양을 평가하기 위하여, 작업환경 시료의 포집과 이에 대한 탈착, 분석조건을 검토하였다. 작업 환경 중 시료 채취를 위한 흡착제로서 활성탄관을 사용하고, 이를 아세톤으로 추출하였을 때 87%의 탈착효율을 나타내었다. 불꽃이온화 검출기가 부착된 가스크로마토그라피로 분석한 경우 검출한계는 0.814 mg/L였고, 이를 40L의 작업환경 공기중 농도로 환산하면 $0.0203mg/m^3$이다. 따라서 산업보건 관련 실험실에 일반화 되어있는 불꽃이온화 검출기(Flame Ionization Detector, FID)를 사용하여도, 아크릴아마이드 허용농도 $0.3mg/m^3$(OSHA, PEL) 내외의 시료를 적절한 감도로 분석이 가능하다. 그러므로 기존의 분석방법으로 알려진 질소, 인 검출기(Nitrogen Phosphorous Detector, NPD)를 사용하지 않아도 아크릴아마이드를 신속하고 경제적으로 분석할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.