• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.225-230
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• 1983

합리적(合理的)이고 경제적(經濟的)인 분해방법(分解方法)을 모색(摸索)하기 위해 고지방(高指肪) 함유식품(含有食品)인 생황석어(黃石魚)와 생멸치를 건조(乾燥)하여 분말(分末)로 한후 왕수처리법(王水處理法), 건식분해법(乾式分解法)과 $H_{2}SO_{4}-HNO_{3}$ 분해법(分解法)으로 전처리(前處理)하여 atomic absorption spectrophotometer를 통해 K, Na, Mg, Ca, Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe을 측정(測定)하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 건식(乾式), 습식(濕式) 및 왕수처리법(王水處理法)에 의한 측정치(測定値) 중 황석어(黃石魚)에선 K, Na, Mn, Cu와 Fe의 함량(含量)이 분해법(分解法)에 따른 유의성(有意性)을 나타내지 않았고, 멸치에서는 K, Na, Mg, Cu의 함량(含量)이 세 분해법(分解法)에서 유의성(有意性)이 없었다. 반면에 Mg과 Zn(황석어)와 Mn과 Fe(멸치)는 분해법(分解法)에 따라 P< 5%의 유의성(有意性)을 보였고, Ca(황석어와 멸치)과 Zn(멸치)는 P< 1%의 높은 유의성(有意性)을 나타냈다. (2) 세 분해법(分解法)에 의한 측정치(測定直)의 유의적(有意的)인 차(差)를 근거로 모평균(母平均)을 추정(推定)한 결과(結果), 일반적으로 건식분해법(乾式分解法)에 의한 결과(結果)와 왕수처리법(王水處理法)에 의한 측정치(測定値)가 같은 수준효과(水準效果)를 나타냈고 재래식(在來式) 습식법(濕式法)은 모평균(母平均)이 가장 낮은 수준효과(水準效果)를 나타냈다. (3) 각(各) 측정치(測定値)와 표준편차(標準偏差)를 근거로 변이계수(變異係數) (coefficient of variation)을 구(求)해 본 결과(結果), 건식분해법(乾式分解法)이 가장 높은 변이계수(變異係數) 0.325였고, 왕수처리법(王水處理法)에 의한 측정치(測定値)가 습식법(濕式法)의 0.261보다도 낮은 0.195로 가장 낮은 변이계수(變異係數)를 보여 그 신뢰도(信賴度)를 높여 준다.

• 분석과학
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.355-359
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• 1999

뇨중 미량 카드뮴 분석에 흑연로 장치가 부착된 원자흡수분광광도계(GFAAS)를 사용하였다. 불꽃분광법에서 시료는 회화하여 Na-DDTC로 착물을 형성한 후 MIBK로 추출하였으며, 비불꽃분광법에서는 1% Triton X-100과 1% $HNO_3$으로 5배 희석시킨 후 $Pd(NO_3)_2$를 매트릭스 개선제로 농도를 변화시키면서 회화 온도 $450-750^{\circ}C$에서 pyrocoated 흑연 튜브를 사용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 불꽃분광법보다는 비불꽃분광법이 전처리가 간단하고 재현성있게 나타났으며, 비불꽃분광법을 이용한 경우 $Pd(NO_3)_2$ 100 mg/L을 사용하여 회화온도 $550^{\circ}C$에서 분석시 가장 높은 흡광도를 나타냈다. 본 분석법을 표준뇨인 Lononorm-Metalle 3 중의 카드뮴 분석에 적용하였다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.409-416
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• 1993

이상에서와 같이 lithium치의 측정에 있어서 본 병원에서 기존 이용하던 AAS법이나 ISE법 모두 정밀도나 직선성 평가에 있어 비교적 좋았으나, 정밀도(재현성)에 있어서 ISE법이 AAS법보다 더 우수한 것으로 나왔고 ISE법의 경우 측정방법이 매우 간편하였다. 그러나 ISE법에 의한 혈중 측정치가 AAS법에 의한 것보다 다소 높게 나타났으며, ISE법이 AAS법에 비하여 분석 최하한치가 더 높아 예민도는 상대적으로 낮았다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 1991

These studies were carried out to find out some characteristic responses of biological samples under the exposure of trace metals. In animal experiment, six rats per week were killed for 6 weeks under Cd exposures and the concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn in their organs and blood were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The results were summarized as follows: In animal experiments, the concentrations of Cd in the liver and kidney of Cd exposure groups were increased, however, the values of hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood were decreased remarkably. The body weight of the Cd exposure groups showed lower trend than that of control group. The concentrations of Cd in heart, lung and testes were increased slowly during the first 2 weeks. The concentrations of Cd in their organs decreased while the rapid increase of the concentration of Cd in the liver and kidney was observed. While rapid increase of the concentra~ion of Cd in the liver and kidney was observed, the concentrations of Cd in the organs were decreased afterward and increased again while the low increase of the concentration of Cd in the liver and kidney was observed. The concentrations Cu and Zn were increased remarkably in all the organs for first 2 and 3 weeks. In the exposure groups of Cd+Cu and Cd+Zn, the liver and kidney didn't show lower concentration of Cd than that of Cd group.

• 분석과학
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2007

A sensitive technique for the determination of trace Cu(II) in various samples after the column preconcentration by adsorbing its N-benzoylphenylhydroxylamine (BPHA) onto benzophenone was developed. Several experimental conditions such as the pH of the sample solution, the amount of chelating agent, the amount of benzophenone, and the flowrate of sample solution and so forth were optimized. The interfering effects of diverse concomitant ions were investigated. Fe(III) and $CN^-$ interfered with more seriously than any other ions. However, the interference by these ions could be overcome sufficiently by adjusting the added volume of 0.01M BPHA to 10 mL. The dynamic range, the correlation coefficient ($r^2$) and the detection limit obtained by this proposed technique were 5.0~120 ng/mL, 0.9974, and 2.1 ng/mL, respectively. For validating this proposed technique, the aqueous samples (stream water, reservoir water, and wastewater), the plastic sample and the diluted brass sample were used. Recovery yields of 93~102% were obtained. These measured data were not different from ICP-MS data at 95% confidence level. This method was also validated by the rice flour CRM (normal, fortified) samples. Based on the results from the experiment, it was found that this proposed technique could be applied to the determination of Cu(II) in various real samples.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-26
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dissolution components during corrosion of amalgams and to identify surface corrosion products in the modified Fusayama artificial saliva. Four type of amalgam alloys were used: low copper lathe cut amalgam alloy (Cavex 68), low copper spherical amalgam alloy (Caulk Spherical Alloy), high copper admixed amalgam alloy (Dispersalloy) and high copper single composition amalgam alloy (Tytin). Each amalgam alloy and Hg were triturated according to the manufacturer's direction by means of mechanical amalgamator (Capmaster, S.S.White), and then the triturated mass was inserted into the cylindrical metal mold which was 10mm in diameter and 2.0mm in height and condensed with compression of 150kg/$cm^2$ using oil pressor. The specimens were removed from the mold and stored at room temperature for 7 days and cleansed with distiled water for 30 minutes in an ultrasonic cleaner. The specimens were immersed in the modified Fusayama artificial saliva for the periods of 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. The amounts of Hg, Cu, Sn and Zn dissolved from each amalgam specimen immersed in the artificial saliva for the periods of 1 month, 3 months and 6 months were measured using Inductivity Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICPQ-1000, Shimadzu, Japan) and amount of Ag dissolved from amalgam specimen was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (Atomic Absorption/Flame emission spectrophotometer M-670, Shimadzu, Japan). A surface corrosion products of specimens were analysed using Electron Spectroscopy Chemical Analyser (ESCA PHI-558, PERKIN ELMER, U.S.A.). The secondary image and back scattered image of corroded surface of specimens was observed under the SEM, and the corroded surface of specimens was analysed with the EDX. The following results were obtained. 1. The dissolution amount of Cu was the most in high copper admixed amalgam(Dispersalloy) and the least in high copper single composition amalgam(Tytin). 2. Sn and Zn were dissolved during all the experiment periods, and dissolution amounts were decreased as the time elapsed. 3. Initial surface corrosion products were ZnO and SnO. 4. Corrosion of ${\gamma}$ and ${\gamma}_2$ phase in low copper amalgams was observed and Ag-Cu eutectic alloy phase was corroded in low copper spherical amalgam(Caulk Sperical Alloy). 5. Corrosion of ${\gamma}$ and $\eta$' phase in high copper amalgams was observed and Ag-Cu eutectic alloy phase was corroded in high copper admixed amalgam(Dispersalloy). 6. Sn-Cl was produced in the subsurface of low copper amalgams and high copper admixed amalgam.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1529-1532
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• 2005

A simple and cost effective method for separation and preconcentration of Ag(I) at the $10^{-7}\;mol\;L^{-1}$ level in the environmental and mineral samples is present. The method is based on the flotation of Ag(I)-iodide complex as an ion-associate with ferroin in pH of 4 from a large volume of an aqueous solution (500 mL) using nheptane. The floated layer was then dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for the subsequent spectrophotometric determination. Beer's law was obeyed over a range of 2.0 ${\times}$ $10^{-7}$-4.0 ${\times}$ $10^{-6}$ mol $L^{-1}$ with the apparent molar absorptivity of 2.67 ${\times}$ $10^5$ L $mol^{-1}\;cm^{-1}$. The detection limit (n = 5) was 4 ${\times}$ $10^{-8}$ mol $L^{-1}$, and RSD (n = 5) obtained for 2.0 ${\times}$ $10^{-6}$ mol $L^{-1}$ of Ag(I) was 2.2%. The interference effects of a number of elements was studied and found that only $Hg^{2+}$ at low concentration, and $Pb^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, and $Fe^{3+}$ ions at moderately high concentrations were interfered. To overcome on these interference effects, the solution was treated with EDTA at a buffering pH of 4 and passed through a column containing Amberlite IR-120 ionexchanger resin, just before the flotation process. The proposed method was applied to determine of Ag(I) in a synthetic waste water, a photographic washing sample and a geological sample and the results was compared with those obtained from the flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results were satisfactorily comparable with together, so that the applicability of the proposed method was confirmed in encountering with the real samples.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2006

식품첨가물공전의 일반시험법 중 납시험법에 대하여 국내에 유통되는 식품첨가물을 대상으로 한국, 일본, JECFA, 미국 및 EU의 규격 및 시험법에 따라 비교 분석하였다. 식품첨가물의 납 함량을 분석하는 방법으로서 한국은 비색법에 의한 디티존법을 채택하고 있으며, 일본은 원자흡광도측정법(분광광도계법)을, 미국은 디티존법(비색법), 원자흡광도측정법(분광광도계법), 원자흡광도측정법(흑연로법), APDC 추출법 등 4가지의 방법을, JECFA와 EU는 디티존법(비색법), 원자흡광도측정법(분광광도계법)을 채택하고 있다. 한국, 미국 및 JECFA의 디티존법은 거의 동일하였으며, 미국, JECFA및 EU는 검체의 종류에 따라 사용하는 방법을 개별 품목에 별도로 나타내고 있다. 국내에서 유통되는 112.스테아린산마그네슘 등 화학적합성품 13품목과 5.구아검 등 천연첨가물 12품목 등 검체의 납함량을 각 기관의 분석방법에 따라 분석한 결과 모두 각 기관의 규격 및 기준에 적합한 것으로 나타났으며, 시험 및 조작방법상의 문제점도 나타나지 않았다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.129-136
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• 1985

도시인(都市人)과 농촌인(農村人)간의 혈중(血中) 가스 및 중금속(重金屬) 농도(濃度)를 비교(比較)하기 위하며 1985년 5월에 대구지역(大邱地域)에서 15년이상 거주(居住)한 모(某) 고등학교(高等學校) 3학년(學年) 재학생중(在學生中) 34명(名)과 대조군(對照群)으로서 의성군(義城郡) 소재(所在) 동급(同級) 학생(學生) 37명(名)을 대상(對象)으로 하였다. 다만 흡연(吸煙)한 경험(經驗)이 있는 학생(學生)은 포함되지 않았다. 시료(試料)는 Heparin으로 처리된 1회용 주사기로 정맥혈액(靜脈血液)을 채혈(採血)했다. 혈액(血液)가스는 CO-Oximeter(IL. 282)가 부착(附着)된 Blood Gas Analyzer(IL. 1301)로 분석(分析)하였으며, 연(鉛)은 원자화(原子化) 무염광여(無焰光廬)(flameless furance atomizer, IL. 655)가 부착(附着)된 원자(原子) 흡광(吸光) 광도계(光度計)(atomic absorption spectrophotometer, IL. 551)로 분석(分析)하였고 카드뮴과 동(銅)은 염광(焰光) 원자(原子) 흡광(吸光) 광도계(光度計)(flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer)로 분석(分析)하였다. $PO_2$와 $O_2-Hb$은 농촌(農村) 거주군(居住群)에서 각각 $29.34{\pm}7.37mmng,\;48.30{\pm}15.23%$로 도시(都市) 거주군(居住群) 보다 높았다(각각, p<0.01, p<0.03). ${HCO_3}^-$와 $TCO_2$는 도시(都市) 거주군(居注群)에서 각각 $28.01{\pm}1.58mM/L\;29.66{\pm}1.69mmHg$로 농촌(農村) 거주군(居住群) 보다 높았다(각각, p<0.01, p<0.01). CO-Hb는 도시(都市) 거주군(居住群) 보다 농촌(農村) 거주군(居住群)에서 $1.82{\pm}0.36%$로 높았다(p<0.03). Met-Hb은 도시(都市) 거주군(居住群)에서 $0.36{\pm}0.24%$로 농촌(農村) 거주군(居住群)보다 높았다(p<0.01). 도시(都市) 거주군(居住群)의 혈중(血中) 연(鉛)과 카드뮴 함량(含量)은 각각 $0.142{\pm}0.084ppm,\;0.029{\pm}0.007ppm$으로 농촌(農村) 거주군(居住群)의 $0.099{\pm}0.082\;ppm,\;0.025{\pm}0.006\;ppm$보다 높았다(각각, p<0.03, p<0.02). 이상의 결과(結果)로 보아 도시(都市) 거주자(居住者)는 각종 차량(車輛)의 배기(排氣)가스로 인한 대기오염(大氣汚染)의 영향(影響)을 크게 받고 있다는 것을 알 수 있으며, 농촌(農村)에서는 주택(住宅) 구조(構造)가 개선(改善) 되지 않은 상태(狀態)에서 연탄(煉炭) 난방시설(煖房施設)이 보급(普及)된 관계(關係)로 실내(室內) 일산화탄소오염(一酸化炭素汚染)이 문제(問題)가 된다고 추측(推測)되는 바이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2012

Liver and pulmonary artery tissue from 5 Angus cross bred steers, 6 goats, and 6 pigs were collected at a commercial abattoir to examine the relationship of pulmonary artery copper (Cu) concentrations and genes involved in copper homeostasis. Liver and pulmonary artery samples were collected at the time of harvest and snap frozen. Liver and pulmonary artery Cu concentrations were determined via flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and gene expression was determined via real time PCR. Liver Cu concentrations (mg Cu/kg DM${\pm}$SE) were higher (p<0.01) in cows ($396.4{\pm}109.1$) and goats ($181.4{\pm}37.0$) than in pigs ($19.2{\pm}3.5$). All liver Cu concentrations were within normal ranges and considered adequate for each species. Liver Cu concentration was more variable in cows and goats compared to pig liver Cu concentrations. Pulmonary artery ${\beta}$-hydroxylproline was higher (p<0.01) in cow and pig than goat. Real Time PCR revealed that goat liver atp7a was positively correlated ($r^2$ = 0.92; p<0.01) to liver Cu concentrations while cow and pig atp7a was not correlated to liver Cu concentration. In the pig, liver atp7a concentration was positively correlated to atp7b ($r^2$ = 0.66; p<0.05). Pulmonary artery Cu concentration was highest in cows ($14.9{\pm}4.7$), intermediate in pigs ($8.9{\pm}3.3$), and lowest in goats ($3.9{\pm}1.1$). Goat pulmonary artery Cu concentration was not correlated to ctr1 concentration, however, atp7a concentration was positively correlated with ctr1 ($r^2$ = 0.90; p<0.01). In cow pulmonary artery, loxl1 concentration was positively correlated to eln mRNA concentration ($r^2$ = 0.91; p<0.02). Pulmonary artery CTR1 protein concentration was positively correlated to pulmonary artery Cu ($r^2$ = 0.85; p = 0.03) concentration while negatively correlated to liver Cu ($r^2$ = -0.79; p<0.04). Pulmonary artery Cu concentration was not correlated to concentration of Cu homeostatic genes in the pig. These data indicate that genes involved in Cu homeostasis (ctr1, atp7A, atp7B, loxl1 and eln) are differently regulated in different species.