• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.545-556
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• 2016

JPDAF is a method of updating target's state estimation by using posterior probability that measurements are originated from existing target in multi-target tracking. In this paper, we propose a multi-target tracking algorithm for falling cluster bombs separated from a mother bomb based on JPDAS method which is obtained by applying fixed-interval smoothing technique to JPDAF. The performance of JPDAF and JPDAS multi-target tracking algorithm is compared by observing the average of the difference between targets' state estimations obtained from 100 independent executions of two algorithms and targets' true states. Based on this, results of simulations for a radar tracking problem that show proposed JPDAS has better tracking performance than JPDAF is presented.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.32A no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 1995

In this paper, we propose a new technique to segment the moving target image from the natural background. This system as based on the optical BPEJTC for both detecting the moving target and automatically extracting the target image from the background by gradually eliminating the background image through the repeated correlation processes. Some computer simulation and experimental results show that the proposed system can effectively segment the moving car image from the fixed background, and that this system can be used for a fast moving target segmentation system.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.61-72
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• 2013

Purpose - It is widely accepted that the process of developing marketing strategy is composed of three steps: market segmentation, target market selection and positioning. However, mass marketing strategy based on cost reduction through economies of scale and standardized products, can be also an effective strategic option. Many marketing scholars including Theodore Levitt emphasize the importance of applying the mass production concept to various industries including service industries. Especially, in times of economic downturn, the capability of providing consumers with low-priced, value products can be an important source of competitive advantage, as well as the ability of providing high-priced premium products. Marketers should decide whether they will implement mass marketing strategy or target marketing strategy. The present study theoretically shows that firms should understand the target customers' price elasticity as well as the firm's cost structure in order to make such a strategic decision. Research design, data, and methodology - Instead of implementing an empirical study, this study provides a theoretical(mathematical) investigation on the effect of consumers' price elasticity on a firm's optimal price level, profit, sales volume, revenue, and cost. The results are mostly deduced from derivative calculations and several graphs are utilized to represent the results on the relationships between the variables under study. Results - The analytical results suggest that it is more profitable for a firm to adopt the segment/target marketing strategy (more specifically the differentiation strategy) when the degree of consumers' heterogeneity is high and the proportion of the fixed cost in the total cost is low. On the other hand, if the degree of consumers' heterogeneity is low and the fixed cost is high, it is better to adopt the mass marketing strategy or the cost leadership strategy. The strategy of concentrating on a single target market will be effective when consumers' needs are highly heterogeneous but the fixed cost is high. Any of the three types of generic strategies proposed my Porter(1980, 1985) can be applied when both the consumers' heterogeneity and the fixed cost are low. This study also proposes the contribution-margin-based method for developing the optimal pricing strategy. Conclusions - One of the primary roles of marketers is to find a proper compromise between the two conflicting goals of maximizing customer satisfaction and minimizing cost. In order to do so, he or she should understand the characteristics of the target customers as well as the cost structure of the firm. In addition to the theoretical analyses, this study discusses several business cases and explains how superior companies find the optimal compromise position between these two goals and dominate the market. One of the radical changes recently taking place in business arena is the reduction of production and distribution costs of both physical goods and information due to the advancement and the wide diffusion of information technology. The cost reduction combined with lowered priced elasticity incurred by customized products and services, will enable many firms to adopt the mass customization strategy.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.590-598
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• 2019

Aerial photographs taken by an image sensor fixed on a flight body, e.g. without a gimbal, are generally distorted according to its attitude, altitude and angle of view in flight. This can result in a significant difficulty of analyzing geometric information which should be integrated for numerous still frames. In this study, a simulation method of observation performance that uses geometric relationships between navigation data and image data is suggested, and this method is shown to be very useful for easily examining the integrated information such as the total range of photography, the time of target acquisition, etc.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 2002

The measured rate of the tracking sensor becomes biased under some operational situation. For a highly maneuverable aircraft in 3D space, the target dynamics changes from time to time, and the Kalman filter using position measurement only can not be used effectively to reject the rate measurement bias error. To cope with this problem, we present a new algorithm which incorporate FIR-type filter and FIR-type fixed-lag smoother, and demonstrate that it has the optimal performance in terms of both estimation accuracy and response time through an application example to the anti-aircraft gun fire control system(AAGFCS).

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2004

In order to scheme the optimal assumption that satisfies the travel demand, it should be review the elements that affect on determining the headway, which are signal systems, line shape, vehicle(Light Rail Transit) performance, and so on. When applying the conventional signal systems, including Fixed Block System and Moving Block System, It was confirmed whether or not satisfy the requirements of target line with the way of a numerical formula reviewing and Train performance Simulation on the main line, station, depot, and so forth. Therefore, it should be used as references that decide target line and each sub-system after identifying the compliances for Minimum Headway to Moving Block System.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.2 s.17
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• pp.32-40
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• 2004

In this paper, a simulation model for FLAS(Fixed Linear Arrays System) is presented and methods for effectiveness analysis are studied to analyze the valid target detection effectiveness of this system. The simulation model is constructed taking the FLAS operational specification into account, and thus the change in system specification is effectively reflected on the simulation results. The computational burden is reduced by using the pre-processed simulation parameters which are calculated from the real environmental database. Also, the cell effectiveness and TMOE(Total Measurement of Effectiveness) are computed. The target detection effectiveness of FLAS can be simulated under the multiple target interference simulation. It is shown that the presented algorithm is suitable for the underwater system which needs the simulation model for the optimum system design.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2000

A practical method is proposed to improve hit probability of the digital gun fire control system, when the measured rate of the tracking sensor becomes biased under some operational situation. For ground moving target it is shown that the well-known Kalman filter which uses position measurement only can be optimally used to eliminate the rate bias error. On the other hand, for 3D moving aircraft we present a new algorithm which incorporate FIR-type filter, which uses position and rate measurement at the same time, and the fixed-lag smoother using position measurement only, and show that it has the optimal performance in terms of both estimation accuracy and response time.

• Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.150-154
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• 2018

This tutorial reviews the principles of dose individualisation with an emphasis on target concentration intervention (TCI). Once a target effect is chosen then pharmacodynamics can predict the target concentration and pharmacokinetics can predict the target dose to achieve the required response. Dose individualisation can be considered at three levels: population, group and individual. Population dosing, also known as fixed dosing or "one size fits all" is often used but is poor clinical pharmacology; group dosing uses patient features such as weight, organ function and comedication to adjust the dose for a typical patient; individual dosing uses observations of patient response to inform about pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics in the individual and use these individual differences to individualise dose.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.103-110
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• 2012

In this paper, a target signal detection method using multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is proposed. The MUSIC algorithm is a subspace-based direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method. Using the inverse of the eigenvalue-weighted eigen spectra, the algorithm detects the DOAs of multiple sources. To apply the algorithm in target signal detection for GSC-based beamforming, we utilize its spectral response for the DOA of the target source in noisy conditions. The performance of the proposed target signal detection method is compared with those of the normalized cross-correlation (NCC), the fixed beamforming, and the power ratio method. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the conventional ones in receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves.