• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1973

For purpose of understanding of women worker's nutritional status in Korea, the author had studied oil 668 workers who are working in textile industry, chemical industry, manufacture of electrical machinery and supplies, manufacture of rubber and transportation (bus-guider). Skin-fold caliper was applicated and measured five positions. As a results of this study the following conclusions were obtained; 1. The mean skin-fold thickness were; arm: $$9.08{\pm}3.40\;mm\;(7.23{\sim}10.50\;mm)$$ back: $$16.23{\pm}5.25\;mm\;(13.18{\sim}17.20\;mm)$$ waist : $$17.86{\pm}5.82\;mm\;(13.27{\sim}19.31\;mm)$$ abdomen : $$15.45{\pm}5.04\;mm\;(10.82{\sim}16.43\;mm)$$ knee: $$13.49{\pm}4.16\;mm\;(10.80{\sim}14.04\;mm)$$ The lowest mean skin-fold thickness by age was $12.26{\pm}3.50\;mm$ at 16 year-old and the highest mean skin-fold thickness was $14.57{\pm}5.55\;mm$ at 19 yesr-old respectively. 2. Fat amounts The lowest body fat weight was 10.77 kg at 16 year-old and the highest was 12.09kg at 19 year-old, respectively. The mean body fat weight was 11.76 kg. The lowest %Fat was 20.67% at 26 year-old, the highest was 23.89% at 18 year-old and the average was 22.76%, respectively. The mean FFW was 39.94 kg and the lowest was 37.91 kg at 17 year-old, the highest was 41.64 kg at 27 year-old. The ratio of fat weight and total body mass (FW/TBM) were 21.04% at 27 year-old 23.75% at 19 year-old and average was 22.75%, respectively. The ratio of fat free weight and total body mass (FFW/TBM) were 76.25% at 19 year-old and 78.96% at 27 year-old, respectively. The average was 77.25%. The ratio of fat weight and fat free weight (FW/FFW) were 27.31% at 27 year-old and 31.15% at 19 year-old. The average was 29.44%.

• Proceedings of KHEA Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.56-57
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• 1997

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.83-99
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• 2002

Respiratory tract symptoms such as cough, wheeze, and strider may occur frequently or persist for long periods in a substantial number of children, others may have persistent or recurring lung infiltrates with or without symptoms. It is important to study on clinical significance of this symptoms for avoiding unnecessary test or treatment. Chronic or Recurrent Respiratory Symptoms are similar to cold(感冒) and cough(咳嗽) in Oriental Medicine. Diagnostic criteria is followed : in case of children less than three years old, upper respiratory infections are more than seven per year or lower respiratory infections are more than three ; in case of children three to five years old, upper respiratory infections are more than six per year or lower respiratory infections are more than two ; in case of children six to twelve years old, upper respiratory infections are more than five per year or lower respiratory infections are more than two. In oriental medical treatment is classified into the treatment of internal use, external use, internal and external use, acupuncture, cupping therapy, and combination treatment of chinese and western medicine.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.5
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• pp.516-524
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• 2008

We investigated on the distribution of nutrient contents (N. P and K) in current and one-year old needles of Korean pine, Pinus koraiensis, to understand the physiological effects of alternate bearing. One experimental set was designed with three types of cone number (one, three and five) under natural state and cone number of another one was controlled by thinning. Test samples were separated to collect into three fractions; current needles on the shoot and one-year old needles above and under the cone. On the branch without cone, N, P and K concentrations in needles on the shoot were higher than those in needles of one-year old branch. At natural state, needle P concentration was the lowest in needles on the five-cone branch in August. Macronutrient concentrations were the lowest in needles above the cone, which was remarkably observed in needle K concentration. Under cone thinning, N. P and K concentrations were the highest in needles on one-cone branch and the lowest in needles on five-cone branch. Needle nutrient concentrations were the lowest in needles above the cone, which was remarkably observed in the needle on five-cone branch. In conclusion, the current needles of the shoot and cones are a strong sink of nutrient like N. P and K, and the increase of cone number influences nutrient removal from needles.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1981.05a
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• pp.5.1-5
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• 1981

We have recently removed five interesting foreign bodies successfully. Case 1. A broken tracheostomy outer cannular tube in the right main bronchus of a 7 year old boy. Case 2. An acupuncture needle in the trachea of a fifty-one year old man. Case 3. A fish hook with thread in the second isthmus of esophagus of a 10 month old girl. Case 4. An opened safety pin (sharp point toward cephalad) in the third isthmus of esophagus of a sixteen year old boy. Case 5. A big lead bullet which went through soft tissue below right mastoid tip and lodged at the mid-point between right mastoid process and foramen magnum(skull base) of a twenty year old boy, was removed surgically uneventfully.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

In this test for the effect of misinformation and mental reinstatement on accuracy of recall in children, misinformation or neutral informations was presented to each of 80 five- and 80 nine - year - old children(Total : 160). Two days later they were asked to recall original information in one of two conditions; free recall or mental reinstatement. For 5-year-old children, mental reinstatement enhanced memory performance and increased the accuracy despite the presentation of misinformation. For 9-year-old children, there was no significant difference between free recall and mental reinstatement condition. For younger children, mental reinstatement may be an effective way of enhancing memory performance.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.153-170
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• 2004

This study explored age and sex differences in preschoolers' narrative representations of their mothers. Subjects were 120 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-year-old children, with 15 boys and 15 girls in each age group. Using the MacArthur Story Stem Battery(Bretherton et al., 1990), observations were made to obtain children's narrative representations of their mothers. content themes and emotional responses. Boys' representations were more negative and less positive than girls' regardless of their age. Boys talked about more aggressive themes and showed more anxiety and less joy. Five and 6-year-old children had less negative and disciplinary representations of their mothers than 3- and 4-year-olds. Six-year-olds showed less prosocial themes than 3- and 5-years, and fewer aggressive themes than 3-and 4-year while they showed less joy, distress and concern responses than 3-years.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2024

Background Among the cleft types, bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) generally requires multiple surgical procedures and extended speech therapy to achieve normal speech development. This study aimed to describe speech outcomes in 5-year-old Korean children with BCLP and examine whether normal speech could be achieved before starting school. Methods The retrospective study analyzed 52 children with complete BCLP who underwent primary palatal surgery at a tertiary medical center. Three speech-language pathologists made perceptual judgments on recordings from a speech follow-up assessment of 5-year-old children. They assessed the children's speech in terms of articulation, speech intelligibility, resonance, and voice using the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech-Augmented-Korean Modification. Results The results indicated that at the age of five, 65 to 70% of children with BCLP presented articulation and resonance within normal or acceptable ranges. Further, seven children with BCLP (13.5%) needed both additional speech therapy and palatal surgery for persistent velopharyngeal insufficiency and speech problems even at the age of five. Conclusion This study confirmed that routine follow-up speech assessments are essential as a substantial number of children with BCLP require secondary surgical procedures and extended speech therapy to achieve normal speech development.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.15-25
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• 2012

This study examined the parenting beliefs and the achievement pressure of Korean mothers with five to seven year old children. The maternal parenting beliefs criterion (Ahn, 2001) and achievement pressure criterion (Hong, 2001) have been applied to 212 mothers living in Seoul or Kyonggi-Do area and analyzed. The results showed that the maternal parenting beliefs were influenced by the child's gender, while the maternal achievement pressure was not. And significant difference was seen only in between the educational background and the maternal parenting beliefs, and the employment status and interaction effects were not shown.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-37
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to examine the development of rational counting, addition and subtraction competence and the correlation between competence in rational counting, addition, and subtraction in three-, four- and five-year-old children. The subjects were 156 preschoolers living in Seoul. The experimental materials consisted of a set of 20 props for rational counting, addition, and subtraction tasks. The addition and subtraction tasks each consisted of a set of 6 problems. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Duncan multiple range test, and Pearson's r. The results indicated that 1) there were significant differences in the development of competence in rational counting, addition, and subtraction by age, 2) there were no significant differences in competence in rational counting, addition, and subtraction by gender, 3) there were positively high correlations of competence rational counting, addition, and subtraction by age.