• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of coordinative locomotor training on the spine appearance and quality of life of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. METHODS: This study included two patients with idiopathic scoliosis: one with a thoracic and lumbar type scoliosis and the other with thoracic type scoliosis. The study design was a single case study (A-B-A'), with a baseline-intervention/phase-post-intervention. The baseline (A) was designed and measured five times, intervention phase (B) ten times, and post-intervention (A') five times. The coordinative locomotor training program was divided into 10 minutes of warm-up exercise, 30 minutes of the main exercise, and 10 minutes of the finishing exercise, for 50 minutes each time. The primary outcome measurements were measured using the Cobb's angle, Adam's test, and Gait view pro 2.0 to determine the changes in the spine appearance. The secondary outcome measurements were compared before and after using the SRS-22 questionnaire to determine the quality of life of the scoliosis patients. A statistical test analyzed the mean and standard deviation, and the rate of change was presented by a visual analysis method using descriptive statistics and graphs. RESULTS: The findings showed that the spine appearance and quality of life of the two subjects were improved compared to the baseline measurements during the intervention phase, and the improved state was maintained during the post-intervention period. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that coordinative locomotor training may help improve the spine appearance and quality of life of patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.161-167
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• 1997

Determination of several cationic surfactants in cosmetics has been investigated. Reverse phase ion pair chromatography was used to identify and quantitate cationic surfactants. Cationic surfactants analyzed in this experiment were cetylpyridium chloride, stearyltrimetylammonium chloride, bezalkonium chloride, benzyldicethylcetylammonium chloride, and bihenyltrimethyl ammonium chloride. The separation was achieved on a reverse phase coumn with 10mM HCl-acetonitrile eluent. In this condition, the most of cationic surfactants with exception of CPC and CTAC respectively with suppressed conductivity detector and UV detector connected in series. The calibration curves obtained by plotting the peak areas of the cationic surfactants were linear at levels ranging from 0.005 to 0.1% correlation coefficient, r=0.9988. The detection limits were 1 to 5ppm in sample solution. The average recoveries of cationic surfactants added to hair treatment cream and hair rinse in three to five experiments were 96.7 105.2% and relative standard deviations were 1.1-3.8%. The case that there were CPC and CTAC in same solution was also tested. CPC and CTAC which couldn't be separated on reverse phase column were quantitated with suppressed conductivity detector and UV detector connected in series. Recovery of CPC and CTAC were 101.6 and 89.2% respectively. The proposed method was applied to the determination of cationic surfactants in commercial hair treatment cream.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.278-289
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• 2015

Indigenous strains of Trichoderma species isolated from rhizosphere soils of Tea gardens of Assam, north eastern state of India were assessed for in vitro antagonism against two important tea fungal pathogens namely Pestalotia theae and Fusarium solani. A potent antagonist against both tea pathogenic fungi, designated as SDRLIN1, was selected and identified as Trichoderma viride. The strain also showed substantial antifungal activity against five standard phytopathogenic fungi. Culture filtrate collected from stationary growth phase of the antagonist demonstrated a significantly higher degree of inhibitory activity against all the test fungi, demonstrating the presence of an optimal blend of extracellular antifungal metabolites. Moreover, quantitative enzyme assay of exponential and stationary culture filtrates revealed that the activity of cellulase, ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase, pectinase, and amylase was highest in the exponential phase, whereas the activity of proteases and chitinase was noted highest in the stationary phase. Morphological changes such as hyphal swelling and distortion were also observed in the fungal pathogen grown on potato dextrose agar containing stationary phase culture filtrate. Moreover, the antifungal activity of the filtrate was significantly reduced but not entirely after heat or proteinase K treatment, demonstrating substantial role of certain unknown thermostable antifungal compound(s) in the inhibitory activity.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the treatment of 20 acute stroke patients with dysphagia. For both the treated and control groups, the basic facial stimulation training was conducted for 30 minutes, five times a week, for four weeks. NMES was performed on the treated group only, for 30 minutes each time. Both groups were evaluated according to the functional dysphagia scale (FDS) using a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). After the treatment was performed for four weeks, the FDS results of the treated group showed a significance difference in oral transit time in the oral phase and in the triggering of pharyngeal swallow fluid, laryngeal elevation and epiglottic closure, nasal penetration, residue in valleculae, coating of pharyngeal wall after swallow fluid, and pharyngeal transit time in the pharyngeal phase. In addition, the treated group showed a significant difference in laryngeal elevation and epiglottic closure, nasal penetration, and pharyngeal transit time in the pharyngeal phase after the treatment compared to the control group. The results of this study showed that neuromuscular electrical stimulation may be an effective method of treating dysphagia in acute phase stroke patients.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.50-60
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• 1998

As a method to develop an enhanced heat transfer fluid, the fine particles of a phase-change material were mixed with a conventional heat transfer fluid. Paraffin, which can be obtained easily in domestic market, was used for the phase-change material and water was used as a carrier fluid. Fine liquid particles of paraffin were formed in water as an emulsion by using an emulsifier, and they were cooled rapidly to become solid particle, resulting in paraffin slurry. The average diameter of produced solid particles was inversely proportional to the amount of the added emulsifier, which was theoretically proved. The produced paraffin slurry was tested thermally in heat transfer test section having a constant-heat-flux boundary condition. The test section was made of a circular stainless-steel pipe, which was directly heated by the power supply having a maximum of 50 Volts-500 Amperes. DSC(Differential scanning calorimeter) tests showed that two kinds of phase change were involved in the melting of paraffin, and it was explained in two different ways. A five- region-melting model was developed by extending the conventional three-region-melting model, and was used to obtain the local bulk mean temperatures of paraffin slurry in the heating test section. The local heat transfer coefficient showed a maximum where the bulk mean temperature of the paraffin slurry reached at the melting temperature of paraffin.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine if there are kinematic variables differences between national representative players (NRP) and non national representative players (NNRP) during 500 m inline skate starting motion. Four NRP and six NNRP were recruited for the study. Each subject executed starting motion five times on a $2{\times}12m$ start way in a gymnasium. Kinematic variables were analyzed by the three-dimensional motion analysis system (60Hz). It was hypothesized that there are difference in elapsed time and center of mass acceleration in starting phase between groups since starting phase has been considered important in sprinting. The results showed that the NRP had significantly shorter starting phase time than that of NNRP. 1) An elapsed time in phase P1 of NRP was shorter than that of NNRP, and excellent players have early started their first stroke. 2) Both NRP and NNRP have started at the same spot, and displacement of the center of gravity in starting posture of NRP group was at the front compared to NNRP group. 3) Average step lengths of NRP were longer than those of NNRP, and a step change of NRP was stabler compared to that of NNRP. 4) In a speed change of the center of gravity NRP showed comparatively high speed from P1 to P4.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2017

The community development program is a project to design to develop rural areas and to enhance the situation of rural community. Participation in community development is the key to promoting efficiency for community development. The purpose of this study was to discuss the result of application of learning phase for capacity building of community development. This study examined cases from rural area, using examples from eight communities that have been able to get people's participation. These examples suggest that the learning phases for rural communities include five important factors: sharing the perception, setting a goal, goal refinement, empowerment, vision setting. After completing the rural community development program, the result of each steps were analyzed. The result of this study contributes to knowledge about phase for capacity building in the community development and suggests ways to increase of effectiveness of rural development program and promote participation based on an understanding of a rural community development context.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.124-127
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• 2015

Purpose: The emphasis on gait rehabilitation after stroke depends on training support through the lower limbs, balance of body mass over the changing base of support. However, muscle weakness, lack of control of lower limb, and poor balance can interfere with training after stroke. For this case study report, a wearable robot orthosis was applied to stroke patients in order to verify its actual applicability on balance and gait ability in the clinical field. Methods: Two stroke patients participated in the training using the wearable robot orthosis. Wearable robot orthosis provides patient-initiated active assistance contraction during training. Training includes weight shift training, standing up and sitting down, ground walking, and stair up and down Training was applied a total of 20 times, five times a week for 4 weeks, for 30 minutes a day. Gait ability was determined by Stance phase symmetry profile, Swing phase symmetry profile, and velocity using the GAITRite system. Balance ability was measured using the Biodex balance system. Results: Subjects 1, 2 showed improved gait and balance ability with mean individual improvement of 72.4% for velocity, 19.4% for stance phase symmetry profile, 9.6% for swing phase symmetry profile, and 13.6% for balance ability. Conclusion: Training utilizing a wearable robot orthosis can be useful for improvement of the gait and balance ability of stroke patients.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.96-110
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• 1995

In order to clarify the process of spermiogenesis of the large-footed bat, Myotis macrodactylus, the testis and the epididymis obtained from mature male bats were examined by electron microscope. Based on the variety and diagnostic characters of organells, the spermiogenesis of the large-footed bat. Myotis macrodactylus could be divided into a total of nine phases. The results obtained from the present study are as follows. 1. The spermiogenesis of large-footed bat, Myotis macrodactylus was divided according to the level of fine structural differentiation into five phases, Golgi, cap, acrosome, maturation and spermiation phases, respectively; Golgi, cap, acrosome and spermiation phases were further subdivided into steps of early and late phase respectively and maturation phase has only one step. Hence, the spermiogenesis of the large-footed bat has been divided into a total of nine phases. 2. In the change of chromatin with nucleus, the chromatin granules are condensed in the whole part of nucleus at the late Golgi phase and completed at the maturation phase. 3. The sperm tail in the epididymis consists of nine outer doublets and two central singlet microtubles. Nos. 1, 5, 6, 9 of the outer dense fibers were larger than the others (2, 3, 4, 7, 8).

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2003

Phase behavior information is necessary for accomplishing homogeneous copolymerization to obtain high yield of copolymers and prevent a fouling problem. Cloud-point data to $160^{\circ}C$ and 1,450 bar are presented for five $C_6$ hydrocarbon solvents, normal hexane, 2,2-dimethyl butane, 2,3-dimethyl butane, 2-methyl pentane, and 3-methyl pentane, with poly(ethylene-co-53 mol% norbornene) ($PEN_{53}$). The pressure-concentration isotherms measured for $PEN_{53}$/n-hexane have maximums that range between 5 and 12 wt% $PEN_{53}$. The cloud-point curves for $PEN_{53}$ all have negative slopes that decrease in pressure with temperatures. The single-phase region of $PEN_{53}$ in n-hexane is larger than the regions in 2,2-dimethyl butane, 2,3-dimethyl butane, 2-methyl pentane, and 3-methyl pentane. The cloud-point curve of $PEN_{53}$ in 2,2-dimethyl butane is located at higher temperatures and pressures than the curve in 2,3-dimethyl butane due to the reduced dispersion interactions with and limited access of 2,2-dimethyl butane to the copolymer. Similar cloud-point behavior is observed for $PEN_{53}$ in 2-methyl pentane and 3-methyl pentane.