• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.105-116
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• 2011

Objective : Foods could be materia medica through food-therapy in oriental medicine. "Sikryochanyo" is a food-therapy book totally. Therefore, there are many kinds of food are treated as materia medica. Method : Finding out cases of food-therapy with Five-Grain(RIce, Barley, Millet, Soy, Panicum miliaceum) in "Sikryochanyo" Result : In "Sikryochanyo", there were many methods of food-therapy with Five-Grain. Five-Grain were treated as materia medica even though they were usual food as normal meal. Conclusion : Five-Grain used in "Sikryochanyo" as many types of themselves and they had objectively effects comparing with "Materia Medica".

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop a classification index and the grade levels for a five-grade energy efficiency classification of agricultural dryers in Korea. Methods: The classification index and the grade levels were determined by using the performance test data published by the FACT over the last eight years to reflect a state of the art technology for agricultural dryers in Korea. The five grades were designed to have the classified dryers distributed normally over the grades with 15% for the $1^{st}$ grade, 20% for the $2^{nd}$ grade, 30% for the $3^{rd}$ grade, 20% for the $4^{th}$ grade and 15% for the $5^{th}$ grade. Results: The classification index was defined as the total amount of fuel and electrical energy consumed per 1% of the wet basis moisture content evaporated from a unit mass of grain or agricultural crops during the drying process: 1 MT of paddy rice for grain dryers and 1 kg of red pepper for agricultural crop dryers as the standard mass. Conclusions: The grade levels for the five-grade energy efficiency classification of grain dryers, kerosene dryers, and electric dryers were proposed in terms of the classification index value.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.1117-1122
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• 1995

The effect of grain boundary structure on zigzag migrtion has been studied. Five kinds of a(2110)-m(1010) diffusion couples with different twist angles by 30$^{\circ}$from a [0001] common direction of each plane were prepared. When chromia (Cr2O3) was added to the diffusion couples by a vapor phase, zigzag migration of the grain boundary occurred. The fraction of zigzag migration did not essentially vary with the twist angle, but the magnitude and migration distance of individual migrating segment varied. The variation of CIGM morphology thus appears to result from the change in grain boundary mobility due to microscopic deviation of grain boundary structure out of a macroscopic grain boundary orientation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to investigatd the variation of some apearance chemical components at National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station in Korea. the treatements consisted of five transplating times, form May 5 to July 5 at 15-day interval , and six cultivars ; two early-maturing, two mid-maturing and two latematuring cultivars. The results showed that the variatio of grain appearance such as length-wide ratio was not significantly different in early -maturing cultivars, but mid-and late-maturing cultivars made slightly a round shape of grain in case of early transplanting. Percentage of complete grain was found to be high at transplanting of MAy 20 inearly-maturing cultivars and on June 5 in mid-and late-maturing ones. PERcentage of existed embryo after milling showed high at early transplanting of May 5 for early -maturing cultivars, and at the late transplanting of June 5 in early and late maturing one. The chemical components of rice grain showed high in protein , lipid,ash and amylose content inthe earlier transplanting, and also revealed high in carbohydrates, magnesium and potassium in the later transplanting of all cultivars.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.261-265
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• 2001

This study was carried out to select randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers associated with grain weight of a large-grain mutant, Hyacp 39-26-1, derived from anther culture of a rice cultivar, 'Hwayeongbyeo'. The segregation mode for grain weight in an F$_2$ population from a cross, 'Hwayeongbyeo/Hyacp 39-26-1', showed a nearly normal distribution. One hundred and ninety-one F$_2$plants ranged from 21.8 g to 34.7 g in 1,000-grain weight with a mean of 26.8 g. Five hundred and twenty primers were used to detect the RAPD markers associated with the grain weight of the large-grain mutant. Of these primers, 54 primers showed polymorphism between 'Hwayeongbyeo' and 'Hyacp 39-26-1'. Four RAPD markers (OPB18, OPH07, OPT20, and OPX20) were significantly related to the grain weight of twenty one F$_3$ lines derived from the cross, 'Hwayeongbyeo/Hyacp 39-26-1'. This RAPD marker could facilitate the early and efficient selection of high-yield lines through improvement of grain weight in rice.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2016

Mealworms, Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), are widely used as food sourcefor animal rearing as well as human diet. Conventionally, mealworms raised on wheat bran. In this study, we investigated the effects of brewer's spent grain (BSG) on the growth of mealworm larvae to reduce the rearing cost. We prepared five different diets with various BSG content, 0, 10, 30, 50, and 70% of heated air dried BSG with wheat bran. We compared survivorship, larval weight, developmental duration, pupation rate, and pupal weight of five different groups of T. molitor raised on these five diets. The larval survivorships were almost similar with the control group except a group with 70% of BSG. For the larval weight, groups with 30% and 50% of BSG gained more weight than that with control treatment, 0% of BSG. For the developmental period, the groups with 30% of BSG took less time compared to the control group. In all treatment groups, more than 90% of pupation rate were observed. Especially, the group with 30% of BSG showed highest pupation rate among the five groups. Wheat bran with 30~50% of BSG was the optimal diet for successive insect rearing among the five diet treatments. Based on this study, we concluded that adding BSG to wheat bran helps to improve the quality of T. molitor and to reduce the rearing period.

• Mycobiology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.215-222
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• 2005

Variability in growth and sporulation of five isolates of Arthrobotrys dactyloides was studied on five agar, 6 bran and 5 grain media. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) supported maximum growth of isolate A, C and E, while growth of isolate Band D was significantly lower on this medium. On Czapek's agar and yeast glucose agar media the differentiation in the isolates in relation to growth was poor than PDA. The other two media showed much poorer differentiation. On Czapek's agar medium, sporulation was recorded in isolate B only, whereas other isolates showed rare sporulation. Among the bran media, pea bran agar medium supported maximum growth of all the isolates except isolate B. Gram and rice bran agar media were next best. However, the growth of isolate B on the gram bran agar medium was more or less equal as other isolates. On pigeon pea bran agar medium, isolate E failed to grow while other isolates recorded poor growth. On lentil bran agar medium, only isolate Band D recorded little growth, whereas other isolates failed to grow. All the isolates recorded good sporulation on bran agar media except pigeon pea and lentil bran agar media. The grain agar media supported moderate to very good growth of all the isolates. In general isolate B remained slow growing on these media except gram grain and sorghum grain agar media on which growth of this isolate was comparable to other isolates. Sporulation in general, was good on all the grain agar media. Among different substrates screened, barley grain and pea bran were found superior to others for mass culture of isolate A of A. dactyloides.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.264-279
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• 2015

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of sourdough to various grain flours in bread, specifically, in regards to the physicochemical characteristics of bread dough, sensory evaluation, and bread storage. As the incubation time of sourdough increased, the total titratable acidity increased. Viable yeast counts of sourdough increased consistently until the third day, while lactic acid bacteria counts increased until the second day. The weight of breads containing sourdough made with rye flour, strong flour, and Korean wheat flour were higher than that of the control. However, the height, volume, and specific volume of control were higher than those of the groups with sourdough made with various grain flours. The pH of breads containing sourdough was lower than that of the control, while the total titratable acidity and moisture content were higher than those of the control. In analyzing the visible mold colony during the five days of storage at $30^{\circ}C$, mold growth in breads containing sourdough made of Korean wheat flour, barely flour, and rye flour was retarded. In the color measurement, the L values of the control and bread containing sourdough made with barley flour were higher than that of the other groups after five days. The a value of bread containing sourdough made of rye flour was higher, and the b values of breads containing sourdough made of Korean wheat flour, barley flour and rye flour were higher than those of the other groups after five days. The hardness of breads containing sourdough increased as storage time increased, where as breads containing sourdough made of Korean wheat flour, Korean whole wheat flour, and rye flour revealed no significant differences with control group. Sensory evaluation scores in terms of after swallowing, taste, and overall preference of bread containing sourdough made of Korean wheat flour was higher than those of the control group.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2006

This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the nutrient contributions of the five meal components of school lunch menus planned for elementary students in two school districts (District A and B) in the Midwestern state of the United States. The 4-week cycle menu was planned for two time periods (Period 1 and Period 2) following guidelines for NuMenus and general menu planning principles. Menu components of planned and served menus for two time periods were analyzed using $Nutri-Kids^{TM}$. No significant differences in the nutrient content of between Periods 1 and 2 were found for District A. District B served significantly more vitamin A and total fat in Period 1 and significantly more calories, iron, vitamin A, protein, and total fat in Period 2 than was planned. The major nutrients provided by the entree component included protein, calories, cholesterol, total fat, saturated fat, and sodium. Milk was an important source of calcium and provided approximately one-third of the total protein and vitamin A in the meal. The vegetable/fruit component was the major source of vitamins A and C. The grain/bread component provided approximately 20% of the carbohydrates among five meal components. The miscellaneous component affected the sodium and fat content of the menus. Menu planners can use the results of this study to enhance their knowledge of the nutrient contributions of each meal component and as inputs for planning menus that meet children's nutritional requirements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.22-34
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• 1998

Coarse grain crops including maize, sorghum, buckwheat, fox-tail millet, pearl millet, proso millet and barnyard millet have been used as health food, feed and industrial materials in Korea for a long time. Korean ancestors thought and treated them as the very important good crops for human health and the crops have served as a dish made with all the grains, particularly in January 15 of the lunar month in korea because the grains make the five viscera of heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys and the six entrails of gall bladder, stomach, small and large intestines, the paunch, the bladder, and the bowels strong and build healthy body. Thus, the objectives of the paper were to review and summarize the results obtained from the quality breeding and functional researches worldwide on nutrition, utilization and medical action of the coarse grain crops. Maize grain, fresh ear and green fodder yields have increased since 1960s in Korea. Agronomic traits improvements also occurred for cold tolerance, disease and insect resistance, resistance to barrenness, resistance to loding, pollen production, grain and seed yields, and eating quality. For buckwheat, improved summer buckwheat varieties produced more rutin for vegetable and grain than autumn varieties in Korea