• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.292-307
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• 1998

This study was conducted to evaluate the eating behavior and to analyze the various factors affecting eating behavior among middle school students. The subjents consisted of 212 middle school students(106 boys and 106 girls between 13-14 years) residing in Seoul. A questionnaire was used as the questionnaire consisted of four parts : the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects, value toward food and nutrition, diet diversity(the number of food items) and eating behavior. Results showed that fifty three point five percent of males and fifty seven percent of females skipped breakfast. The main reason for skipping breakfast was shortage of time. Fifty five percent of the total number of subjects stated that they had more than two plasant meals a day. The number of food items eaten was significantly higher in males than in females. In only 16.4% of total subjects(18.5% of male and 14.2% of female), the primary pursuit in having meals was not to satisfy hunger but to consider nutrition and health. The eating behavior of the adolescents showed that 65% of the subjects had a 'good' eating behavior score and 17.4% had scores of 'excellent' and 'poor' respectively. The existence of parents, the economic level of the family, and concern of health and nutrition affected the eating behavior score. The less the subject skipped breakfast, the greater they placed a value toward food and nutrition. Value toward food and nutrition had a significant influence on their eating behavior. Those who placed a value toward food and nutrition had a higher eating behavior. Those who placed a value toward food and nutrition had a higher eating eating behavior. As a result of the multiple regression analysis, factors affecting eating behavior were 'pleasant meal' , 'the value toward food and nutrition' and 'the numbers of food items' in order(R2=0.2984).

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.296-310
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop and test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Pre-Menstrual Coping Measure (PMCM-K). Methods: Translation of the PMCM-K was validated using forward-backward translation methods. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional survey from March 7 to April 30, 2016 and the data from a total of 362 young adult women were used for the final analysis. The content validity, construct validity and criterion-related validity were evaluated. The internal consistency was calculated to assess the reliability. Results: The PMCM-K consisted of five factors: premenstrual coping regarding avoiding harm, awareness and acceptance of premenstrual change, self-care, communicating, and adjusting energy, which all explained 62.0% of the total variance in PMCM-K. The total score of the PMCM-K showed a positive correlation with the shortened premenstrual assessment form (r=.50). The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was .94 for the overall instrument and .77-.93 for five factors. Conclusion: PMCM-K provides a valid and reliable scale for quantifying the ways of coping specific to a negative premenstrual change for Korean young adult women. The PMCM-K will play an important role as a way to gain a sense of agency in coping with premenstrual changes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4 s.111
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• pp.11-21
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze and evaluate landscape characteristics by classification of landscapes in Chuncheon. A system was developed to convert images taken with a fish-eye lens to panoramic pictures. Landscape characteristics were analyzed by appearance rate and area distribution rate of landscape elements on panorama picture. Landscape characteristics were analyzed according to the number of times landscape elements appeared and the amount of area that each element occupied in the panoramic picture. Each panoramic picture was classified into five types based on these landscape element factors. Landscape evaluation was carried out using dynamic images converted from picture by fish-eye lens. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. The urban landscape can be characterized by four essential factors: interconnectedness, nature, urban centrality and landscape scale. Five types of landscapes were determined: detached residential building landscape (type 1), street landscape with various elements (type 2), street landscape in the center of a city (type 3), landscape of housing complex (type 4), and landscape of green space (type 5). Type 5 had the highest degree of landscape satisfaction and the landscape satisfaction increased with the number of appearances of natural elements. The amount of peen space had a high relation with a landscape satisfaction.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.31-52
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• 2002

This study classified consumers' behaviors of purchasing gifts, divided groups by the types of similar behaviors, and examined impacts of demographic variables, relevant variables in purchasing processes on those behaviors. Findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, factors explaining consumers' behaviors of purchasing gifts were the tendency of demonstrative purchase, the level of placing values to the meaning of gifts, the level of altruism and rationality in the purchase of gifts, and the tendency of impulsive purchase. On the basis of these five factors, five distinct consumer groups showing similar behaviors of purchasing gifts based on the results of Cluster analysis were identified. Those groups were impulsiveㆍdemonstrative groups, impulsiveㆍnon-sincere groups, indifferent groups, non-impulsiveㆍdemonstrative groups, non-altruistic'ㆍrational groups, sincere groups, and altruisticㆍrational groups. Second, behaviors of purchasing gifts showed significant differences depending on gender, educational levels, occupational types, and women's employment status. Consumers with high education, professional occupation, high income tended to show the demonstrative purchase. Male consumers were not interested in the purchases of gifts and placed high values on the meanings of gifts. In contrast, female consumers showed rational behavior, but revealed the tendency of demonstrative in the purchase of gifts as well. Finally, behaviors of purchasing gifts were also different depending on the method of gathering consumer information, places of purchasing gifts, experiences of ordering paid wrapping gifts and the relevant costs, consumers' evaluations of the purchases of gifts, and degrees of satisfaction after the purchase of gifts. Impulsive'ㆍdemonstrative groups and non-impulsive'ㆍ demonstrative groups preferred departments as places of purchasing gifts and choose ordering paid wrapping gifts but showed dissatisfactions after purchases of gifts. Consumers who belongs to non-altruistic'ㆍrational groups, sincere groups, and altruistic'ㆍ rational groups tended to prefer local stores in their own villages as places of purchasing gifts and did not order paid wrapping gifts while showing high after the purchase of gifts.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1069-1072
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• 2015

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in many communities worldwide. This population based study was conducted to assess determinants of colorectal mortality in Iranian patients. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 1,127 cases of confirmed colorectal cancer registered in a population based registry covering 10 referral hospital in Tehran, Iran, were followed for five years. Information about tumor characteristics, smoking status and family history were collected at base line and survival status were followed every six months by contacting patient or next of kin (if patients died during the follow-up). The cause of death for each case was validated by verbal autopsy and referring to patient medical records at the time of death. The data were analyzed by Stata software using univariate and multivariate analysis (Cox regression). In building the model a p value of less than 5% was considered as significant. Results: The age at diagnosis was $53.5{\pm}14$ years. Sixty one percent were male. Colorectal mortality among the patients was 96.9 person-years among men and 83 person-years among women. Seventy five percent of patients lived for 2.72 years, 50% for 5.83, and 25% for 13 years after the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The age at diagnosis was significantly different between men and women (p<0.03). Higher tumor grade predicted higher death rate; the adjusted hazard ratios were 1.79 (95%CI, 0.88-3.61), 2.16 (95%CI, 1.07-4.37), and 3.1 (95%CI, 1.51-6.34) for grades II, III, and IV respectively when they were compared with grade I as reference. Ethnicity, marital status, family history of cancer, and smoking were related to survival with different degrees of magnitude. Conclusions: Among many factors related to survival among the colorectal patients, tumor grade and smoking showed the highest magnitudes of association.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 2016

Brand personality is the human-like traits of brands that consumers can use to identify brands. Despite the importance of brand personality, there has been limited research about it in Korea recently, especially for casual apparel brands. Considering the changes in lifestyle and the increasing popularity of leasure activities in Korea, it is important to analyze the brand personality of casual brands for understanding Korean consumers. This study aimed to analyze the brand personalities of eight well-known casual brands in Korea, and to investigate the relationship between the brand personalities and brand preference. Specifically, this study questioned whether the similarity in brand personalities leads to similar patterns of preference for the brands. The eight brands were carefully selected so that they can well represent the diversity in the dimensions of perceived brand personality, while also being well-known to the participants of the survey. Factor analysis of the data from the survey of Korean university students yielded five factors of brand personality: liveliness, high class, ordinariness, rationality, and reliability. The eight brands showed significant difference across the five factors. Multidimensional scaling analyses of the brands were conducted based on the similarity in brand personality and brand preference respectively. The result showed significant difference in the relative distribution of the eight brands in the two-dimensional space of the analyses.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1491-1495
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the personality traits in three constitutional types, So-yang, So-eum and Tae-eum, using NEO-PI-R. The Questionnaire for QSCC II and NEO-PI-R Korean version were completed by 155 university students (108 males and 47 females), Analysis of difference among groups was conducted by ANOVA and followed by Scheffe test. Significant differences of personality among three constitutional types were revealed with respect to NEO-PI-R scales such as Extroversion and Openness in the big five factors and Anxiety, Angry ,Gregariousness, Assertiveness, Excitement Seeking, positive Emotion, Fantasy, Feeling, Action, Values, Modest and Deliberation in subtypesof the big five factors. The score of So-yang is significantly higher than that of so-eum in Extroversion, Openness, Angry, Gregariousness, Assertiveness, Excitement Seeking, Positive Emotion, Fantasy, Action and Values. The score of So-yang is significantly higher than that of Tae-eum in Extroversion, Openness, Gregariousness, Assertiveness, Excitement Seeking, Feeling, Action and Values. The score of So-eum is significantly higher than that of So-yang in Anxiety, Modest and Deliberation. The results Suggst that NEO-PI-R is helpful to determine constitution type, especially in the level of personality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.201-214
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• 2020

This study was a qualitative investigation into hemodialysis patients' dietary practices. The purpose of this study was to explore the obstacles and requirements to maintain a recommended diet therapy in hemodialysis patients. Five patients undergoing hemodialysis in the renal chamber of the general hospital were interviewed individually. The interviews were based on an interview guide and analyzed by Giorgi's method of analysis. As a result of this study, five elemental factors and 12 subelemental factors were derived. Derived elements were "difficulty in dietary guidelines", "recognizing necessity of diet therapy", "awareness of importance of diet", "difficulty practicing diet therapy", and "looking for ways to practice diet therapy". Patients not only felt difficulties in practicing dietary guidelines but also recognized the need and importance of diet therapy. Patients seemed to have difficulty practicing meal therapy and eating with their families or others. They were also stressed by the limited selection of dietary components and rapid dietary changes before and after dialysis. However, patients showed a willingness to implement dietary management to improve their quality of life and to practice dietary therapy. In order to improve the practice of dietary management in hemodialysis patients, nutritional education should be focused on long-term dietary habits through continuous education and monitoring, not just one-off education. Moreover, patients should be educated that adherence to dietary control may be less burdensome on their families.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.3_4
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• pp.429-440
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to classify the types of men's shoulders through the criteria which represent the characteristic of men's shoulders. In addition, we introduce new bodice patterns depending on our classification. We have the fo11owing conclusions based on our sample size of 200 men's shoulders: 1. The result of factor analysis indicates that six factors are extracted and they consist of 62.3% of total variance. We then choose three factors as standard items for our classification of the shape of men's shoulders. 2. We divide the shape of shoulders into three categories: bent, slopeness, and thickness. Each category is divided into three subcategories. (a) Bent: If one's shoulders are bent forward or backward, then we call them front or back-bent type. Otherwise, they are called standard-bent type. (b) Slopeness: If one's shoulders have an easy or steep slope, then we call them easy or steep slope type. Or else, they are called standard slope type. (c) Thickness: If one's shoulders are thick or thin, then we call them thick or thin type. Otherwise, we call them standard thick type. 3. According to the frequency based on our data entries of 200 men's shoulders, we introduce five new types of men's shoulders. 76.5% of examined men's shoulders belong to one of these five types: (a) 8.0% of standard slope and back-bent type: (b) 9.5% of easy slope and standard-bent type; (c) 45.5% of standard slope and standard-bent type; (d) 5.5% of steep slope and standard-bent type; (e) 8.0% of standard slope and back-bent type. 4. The suitability of new basic bodice patterns based on the types of men's shoulders are demonstrated by the high approval rate of the subjects who participate in testing.

• Journal of Creative Information Culture
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.207-215
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• 2021

As computational thinking has been noted as an important competency worldwide, SW education was introduced in the 2015 revised curriculum, and SW education has been applied to the curriculum from 2018. However, in a poor educational environment, the educationally underprivileged class is in the blind spot of SW education and is not receiving systematic SW education. Therefore, this study analyzed the effect of conducting a non-face-to-face SW online education program for 267 underprivileged elementary school students in education at a time when non-face-to-face online education was being conducted through the COVID-19 mass infectious disease. As a result of conducting the computational thinking ability test, which abstraction, problem decomposition, algorithm, automation, and data processing, before and after education, the overall score of computational thinking and the score of all five factors were statistically significantly increased(p<0.001). Among the five factors, there was the highest score improvement in data processing score. These results suggest that the non-face-to-face SW online education program is effective in improving the computational thinking ability of elementary school students from the educational underprivileged class.