• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.175-186
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• 2004

The “Jeungbosallimgyeongje” was literature reviewed about the manufacture of Korean sauces. Furthermore, in order to investigate the changes made by time period, other literatures, “Eumsigdimibang(1670s)”, “Sallimgyeongje(1715)”, “Gyuhapchongseo(1815)” and “Choson­mussangyorijebeop(1930)”, were compared. The ingredients mentioned included soy beans, flour, barley, elm trees, red beans and blue beans, etc. In addition, the shapes and sizes of dried soybean paste brick were varied. “Manchojang”, which designated the kind of hot pepper paste, appeared in this book for the first time. During its manufacturing process, it was characteristic to add dried bean paste, sea kelp and fish to produce a novel and higher quality product. From the above mentioned books, we found out that Koreans used only the soybeans and Chinese a mixture of buckwheat, flour and barley in addition to soybeans to make their traditional sauces. According to the“ Gyuhapchongseo” , there was a slight difference in ingredients to add for the manufacture of fish sauce, but the manufacturing methods and the one year period needed for maturing the ingredients were the same.. However, in the “Chosonmussangsinsikyrijebop”, fish sauce and meat sauce were classified separately and their manufacturing methods were different as well. In conclusion, the ingredients of used for the sauces recorded in “Jeungbosallimgyeongje” were various and at first hot pepper sauce made from “Manchojang” appeared and additionally red peppers were added to five kinds of Korean paste and red pepper powder were added to two kinds of Korean paste. The manufacturing method of the sauces changed according to time period, for example, only soybean has been used in Korean traditional sauces and other ingredients used as for Chinese ones eventually disappeared.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.87-90
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• 1998

Various bacterial strains that secret extracellular fibrinolytic enzyme were screened from Doen-Jang, a traditional soybean fermented food in Korea. Five microbes of them were identified to be Bacillus sp. strains according to Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. The culture filtrates of B. amyloliquefaciens (2.46 plasmin unit/ml) and B. pantothenticus (3.82 plasmin unit/ml) showed a level of fibrinolytic activity that was about three times higher than that of plasmin 1.0 unit and Bacillus subtilis showed the highest fibrinolytic activity (4.94 plasmin unit/ml). All of the extracellular proteases showing the fibrinolytic activity are confirmed by SDS-PAGE followed by reverse fibrin zymogram activity assay and we proposed that some of the fibrinolytic enzymes from this work are novel enzymes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.609-616
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• 2007

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Bio-Oss on bone formation in terms of healing period and type of membrane so that determine the most suitable condition for implant fixation in grafted maxilla. Material & Method: Forty-five biopsy specimens from graft site were evaluated. Sinus lift was performed in the patients with reduced alveolar bone height(less than 5mm). The specimen was taken at the time of implant fixation, which was performed at least 5 months after the sinus lift procedure. All specimens were stained with H&E and Trichrome staining and evaluated histomorphometrically. Result: The results showed that Bio-Oss particle was in direct contact with newly formed bone in all cases. In the present study, the amount of newly formed bone and the residual bone substitute material were not statistically different according to various membrane and different healing period. There was no difference between the histological feature of the specimen of 5 and 31 months. No statistical significance was detected between male and female. Conclusion: The result implies that Bio-Oss does not seem to be resorbed over time regardless of the type of the membranes. The further investigation is needed to clarify this issue with the extended period of follow-up.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.278-287
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to compare the color stability, water sorption and cytotoxicity of thermoplastic acrylic resin for the non-metal clasp dentures to those of thermoplastic polyamide and conventional heat-polymerized denture base resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three types of denture base resin, which are conventional heat-polymerized acrylic resin (Paladent 20), thermoplastic polyamide resin (Bio Tone), thermoplastic acrylic resin (Acrytone) were used as materials for this study. One hundred five specimens were fabricated. For the color stability test, specimens were immersed in the coffee and green tee for 1 and 8 weeks. Color change was measured by spectrometer. Water sorption was tested after 1 and 8 weeks immersion in the water. For the test of cytotoxicity, cell viability assay was measured and cell attachment was analyzed by FE-SEM. RESULTS. All types of denture base resin showed color changes after 1 and 8 weeks immersion. However, there was no significant difference between denture base resins. All specimens showed significant color changes in the coffee than green tee. In water sorption test, thermoplastic acrylic resin showed lower values than conventional heat-polymerized acrylic resin and thermoplastic polyamide resin. Three types of denture base showed low cytotoxicity in cell viability assay. Thermoplastic acrylic resin showed the similar cell attachment but more stable attachment than conventional heat-polymerized acrylic resin. CONCLUSION. Thermoplastic acrylic resin for the non-metal clasp denture showed acceptable color stability, water sorption and cytotoxicity. To verify the long stability in the mouth, additional in vitro studies are needed.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.77-85
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• 2016

We study the manufacturers of the astronomical instruments invented as part of the so-called Ganui-Dae (astronomical platform) project in the reign of King Sejong (1418-1450) of the Joseon dynasty. The main purpose of this project was to compile the Chiljeongsan-Naepyeon, a Korean calendar, that lasted for 5.5 years from 1432 to 1438. Through this project, a total of 17 astronomical instruments such as the armillary sphere, celestial globe, and auto-striking clepsydra were developed. It is generally known that most of them were manufactured by Lee Cheon (李蕆, 1376-1451) and Jang Yeong-Sil (蔣英實, fl. 1423-1442). In this study, we investigate the accounts of the Veritable Records of King Sejong, Munjong, and Sejo, focusing on the inscription written out to memorize the completion of the Ganui-Dae project. We found that at least 12 persons took part in manufacturing the astronomical instruments of the Ganui-Dae project. Lee Cheon was involved in the production of four instruments, while Jang Yeong-Sil was involved in two; therefore, it seems that the achievement of Jang Yeong-Sil was overestimated. We also found that Jeong Cho (鄭招, ?-1434) was a scientist and Lee Cheon was an engineer in the early phase of the Ganui-Dae project, while King Sejong and Yi Sun-Ji (李純之, 1406-1465) played major role in the late phase. According to our study, King Sejong and Yi Sun-Ji were involved in the production of at least seven and five instruments, respectively. In conclusion, we believe that this study will be helpful to understand the practical manufacturers of the astronomical instruments invented during the Ganui-Dae project in the Joseon dynasty.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.185-193
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• 2004

Estimates of annual actual evapotranspiration are needed in water balance studies, water resources management projects, and many different types of hydrologic studies. This study validated a set of 5 empirical equations of estimating annual actual evapotranspiration with climate data on 11 watersheds, and evaluated the further applicability of these forms in estimating annual runoff on watershed level. Five empirical equations generally overestimated annual evapotranspiration, with relative errors ranging $3.3\%$ to $47.2\%$. The results show that Schreiber formula can be applicable in determining annual evapotranspiration in sub-humid region that is classified by aridity index, while Zhang equation gave better results than the remaining methods in humid region. The mean differences for annual evapotranspiration bias over 11 watersheds are Zhang, Schreiber, Budyko, Pike, and Ol'dekop formula from lowest to highest. The empirical equations provide a practical tool to help water resources managers in estimating regional water resources on ungauged large watershed.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.73-78
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• 2006

The lifted oscillating flame has been studied using experiments of inverse diffusion flames that the air jet injected into a methane background. To find out the characteristics of inverse diffusion flames, fundamentally flame stabilized diagram is investigated with various air and fuel jet velocities. It has five regions - flame extinction, stable attached flame, anchored flame, liftoff flame and blow off region. In inverse diffusion flame, lifted flames were observed near the blow off region. As long as flames lift off, flames oscillate by periods. In this oscillating lifted flame region, the frequency of 1 and under were observed in various air and methane jet velocities. Characteristics of lifted flames are also examined by using the ICCD direct image. And intensity of flame chemiluminescence is very different in rising and falling period from photographs. For the present, it is predicted that the changes of flame structure are related with flame oscillation, but more experiments will be needed to make clear the phenomenon.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.16-21
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• 2012

Biodiesel is technically competitive with or offers technical advantages over conventional petroleum diesel fuel. Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly alternative liquid fuel that can be used in any diesel engine without modification. In this study, to investigate the effect of fuel injection timing on the characteristics of performance with DBF in DI diesel engine. The engine was operated at five different fuel injection timings from BTDC $6^{\circ}$ to $14^{\circ}$ at $2^{\circ}$ intervals and four loads at engine speed of 1800rpm. As a result of experiments in a test engine, maximum cylinder pressure is increased with leading fuel injection timing. Specific fuel oil consumption is indicated the least value at BTDC $14^{\circ}$ of fuel injection timing.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.719-721
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• 2016

Formate has been considered as an environmentally sustainable feedstock that can be used to accelerate the production of valuable chemicals. This study presents brief results of the formatotrophic production of Poly-${\beta}$-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) by Methylobacterium sp. To evaluate the production of PHB, five species of Methylobacteria were tested using formate as the sole carbon and energy source. Methylobacterium chloromethanicum CM4 exhibited the highest productivity of PHB, which showed 1.72 g/L PHB production, 32.4% PHB content, and 0.027 g-PHB/g-formate PHB yield. These results could be used for the formatotrophic production of PHB with the concurrent reduction of $CO_2$ to formate.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.508-525
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to derive the demands to develop marine science technology to reduce damage of disasters caused by boating accidents. This study analyzed the press release to identify the factors of damages that can result from boating accidents and derive the demands for technology development to approach from the perspective of marine science technology to avoid the elements of damage. For this purpose, this study analyzed the contents of about 77,000 articles posted for a month after the tragedy of the Sewol (April 16 - May 15) to derive the keywords and used SNA for the network analysis of each keyword. The findings of the analysis showed that there were five networks and each network consisted of different aspects of technology development to prepare for the marine disasters. Based on these findings, this study derived the demands for technology development from the perspective of marine science technology required to prepare for the possible marine disasters caused by vessels in the future.