• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.362-376
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• 2023

The IUU Fishing Index is composed of 40 indicators. These indicators were grouped by state responsibilities (flag, coastal, port, and general including market) defined in the FAO IPOA-IUU (2001) and then by type into vulnerability, prevalence, and response. A total of 152 coastal nations was surveyed. Korea's total combined IUU Fishing Index was 2.49 in 2019 and 2.91 in 2021, indicating a drop in the ranking to the third worst out of 152 countries followed by China and Russia in 2021. The indicators that increased the IUU fishing risk in 2021 compared to 2019 included seven indicators of prevalence and two indicators of response while those reducing the risk included one prevalence and one response indicator. The IUU Fishing Index revealed that many fisheries observers and monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) practitioners active in the waters of RFMOs jurisdiction where Korean distant water vessels operate have mentioned concerns about the compliance with RFMO conservation measures or fishing practices. It suggested that strengthening management intervention in the fishing sector is needed. The primary tool for management is the MCS system. Given the logistical difficulty of oversight from land, air and at-sea, there is a need to enhance MCS strategies through logbook data, at-sea observer and electronic monitoring program. It also suggested that MSC fisheries certification and fisheries improvement projects, which are widely used for improving fishing sector performance, could contribute to the eradication of IUU fishing and the promotion of sustainable distant water fisheries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.354-361
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• 2023

In this study, the AHP (analytic hierarchy process) technique was used to analyze the risk of expected risk factors and fishing possibilities during gillnet fishing within the floating offshore wind farms (floating OWF). For this purpose, the risks that may occur during gillnet fishing within the floating offshore wind farms were defined as collisions, entanglements, and snags. In addition, the risk factors that cause these risks were classified into three upper risk factors and ten sub risk factors, and the three alternatives to gillnet fishing available within the floating OWF were classified and a hierarchy was established. Lastly, a survey was conducted targeting fisheries and marine experts and the response results were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, among the top risk factors, the risk was the greatest when laying fishing gear. The risk of the sub factors for each upper risk was found to be the highest at the berthing (mooring), the final hauling of fishing net, and the laying of the bottom layer net. Based on the alternatives, the average of the integrated risk rankings showed that allowing full navigation/fisheries had the highest risk. As a result of the final ranking analysis of the integrated risk, the overall ranking of allowing navigation/fisheries in areas where bottom layer nets were laid was ranked the first when moving vessels within the floating OWF was analyzed as the lowest integrated risk ranking of the 30th at the ban on navigation/fisheries. Through this, navigation was analyzed to be possible while it was analyzed that the possibility of gillnet fishing within the floating OWF was not high.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.518-521
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• 2016

Korea is surrounded on three sides by the sea, through the maritime transportation accounts for close to 90% share in the total cargo volume. In addition, there are amount of small and medium-sized fishing vessels registered. These days, a number of maritime accidents caused many casualties and having an adverse effect on the marine environment. Therefore, there is a need for a maritime traffic control has been increasing. Information about the ship is divided into AIS information for VTS, Port Management Information System (Port-MIS) operated by the Port and vessels pass (VPASS) that are installed on fishing. However, there is a problem that is not achieved the information exchanged between each other. That is, information on the vessel are stored in diverse inefficient in the management, operation and utilization. This paper discusses the ways to efficiently manage and integrate vessels information for VTS, and proposes the method for implementation and application.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1023-1030
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• 2021

Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal (KMST) statistics released in of 2019 indicated that most collision accidents involving small-size vessels with less than 20 gross-tonnage occur mainly due to operational carelessness, such as forward-looking negligence and unskilled vessel control. As an effective remedy, training and education for vessel operators are being strengthened to prevent accidents. However, collision accidents are increasing, and technical measures are continuously developed to reduce accidents caused by human factors. In this study, an avoidance algorithm and prototype of terminal-controller against collision between two nearby vessels was developed for implementation on relative navigation control by adopting WAVE telecommunication technology. Moreover, several sea trial tests were performed to verify the collision avoidance algorithm and control system using two fishing vessels for dif erent scenarios.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.267-275
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• 2009

According to the recent statistics of marine casualties in Korea, fishing boats are more likely to be ended in the casualties, and small fishing boats especially cause much more accidents in sinking and capsizing than any other big vessels. These casualties were mainly produced from the ignorance on the lack of own ship stability. From this view, this study aims to analyze the characteristics of stability on the crab trap fishing boat receiving transverse wave by means of carrying out the water tank test. The rolling angle of the model ship was affected largely with the displacement and the wave period of it, and the trends were shown that the magnitude of the angle was proportional to the displacement, but inversely to the wave period. And the wave height had effect on the rolling angle just in the specific range of the wave period. The force of steady wind didn't have influence on the rolling variation significantly.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.73-82
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• 2015

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of closed season policy using an integer linear programming, targeting the large purse seine fishery in Korea. In the analysis, based on Cheng and Townsend(1993), fishing effort (fishing days by month) was assumed to be distributed for profit maximization of vessels and catch of immature fish was estimated. The analytical results showed that the effects of closed season policy would vary in accordance with the monthly closures in terms of fishing profits and catch of immature fish. A closed season policy by month had different effects on fishing profits and catch of immature fish by species. It implies the importance of considering seasonal changes of fish species when limiting fishing efforts with the closed season policy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.214-222
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• 2022

This study calculated the on-site measurement (Tier 4) of greenhouse gases emitted during the production stage of major fishing periods that utilize set nets and bamboo weir fishing boats. In addition, using theoretically calculated results (Tier 1), the emission factor presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was comparatively analyzed. On average, carbon emissions for each operating period in the bamboo weir and set net were calculated to be 0.16 and 3.58 kg CO₂ time^-1, respectively; and the measurement values (Tier 4) for each tool were about 4-17 times lower than their respective theoretical values (Tier 1). Significant differences were found based on engine performance. As port entry, port departure, and operating periods of the vessels show negligible variation with short distances, the operation of the vessel engine was considered as the main variable for carbon emissions in anchovy set net fishing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 2018

Overfishing capacity has become a global issue due to over-exploitation of fisheries resources, which result from excessive fishing intensity since the 1980s. In the case of Korea, the fishing effort has been quantified and used as an quantified index of fishing intensity. Fisheries resources of coastal fisheries in the Korean waters of the East Sea tend to decrease productivity due to deterioration in the quality of ecosystem, which result from the excessive overfishing activities according to the development of fishing gear and engine performance of vessels. In order to manage sustainable and reasonable fisheries resources, it is important to understand the fluctuation of biomass and predict the future biomass. Therefore, in this study, we forecasted biomass in the Korean waters of the East Sea for the next two decades (2017~2036) according to the changes in fishing intensity using four fishing effort scenarios; $f_{current}$, $f_{PY}$, $0.5{\times}f_{current}$ and $1.5{\times}f_{current}$. For forecasting biomass in the Korean waters of the East Sea, parameters such as exploitable carrying capacity (ECC), intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) and catchability (q) estimated by maximum entropy (ME) model was utilized and logistic function was used. In addition, coefficient of variation (CV) by the Jackknife re-sampling method was used for estimation of coefficient of variation about exploitable carrying capacity ($CV_{ECC}$). As a result, future biomass can be fluctuated below the $B_{PY}$ level when the current level of fishing effort in 2016 maintains. The results of this study are expected to be utilized as useful data to suggest direction of establishment of fisheries resources management plan for sustainable use of fisheries resources in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2020

Thousands of pelagic and demersal fishes inhabit the waters around Korea and many of them are overexploited. One of the reasons is technological development, which increases the efficiency of the vessels continuously. The analysis was conducted to identify the change of fishing power index to develop the vessel and gear technology that may have improved the fishing efficiency of the otter trawl fishery from 1960s to 2010s. Gross tonnage was decreased stably, but horse power was increased annually. The perimeter of net mouth was somewhat longer, but little changed. Color fish finder was utilized from the mid-1960s. Hydraulic net drum were introduced in the early 1990s, and supply rate was gradually increased. Surveys on the supply and upgrading of fishing equipment utilized visiting research. Therefore, the relative fishing power index in the trawl fishery increased about two to three times in the 2010s compared to the 1980s. The results are expected to contribute to reasonable fisheries stock management.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2000

The ships over the certain navigation area or her length are required to carry charts under the relevant laws. Charts are indispensible to the ships and fishing vessel, because their crew should know the water depth and location of obstacle in order to avoid danger in the navigation and fishing area. But it was found that many ships do not carry proper charts onboard according to the research marine accidents files of marine accident inquiry agency, and questionnaire survey. Consequently, many ships run aground on the coast and port. This study examined the present status of the coastal ship and the fishing vessels, and explained some problems in the aspect of the covering area, the place, the number of the selling agent and adjoining chart, as well as the geographical and traffic density, the crew on board the ship's characteristics, and so on. In this study we propose the way to solve the problem. firstly, the category of the fishing vessel which should carry the chart on bard under the related laws are required to be lowered to 10 gross tons. Besides a ship inspector should examine if the charts covering the area where to navigate even when the temporary inspection is done are carried on board property. Secondly, the inspection body or the controlling office of ship's entry and departure should check throughly whether the ships concerned carry the chart on board. Thirdly the fishing vessels should used the fishing charts, and the body concerned should train the offices about how to use chart, especiany the difference between Tokyo datum and WGS-84 datum. Fourthly the customized chart such as an atlas like a map, a calenda-type chart, a small chart, as a coated chart needs to be publish for the safety of small ship and fishing vessel. Fifthly, it is advisable to draw a recommended course in the route where the coastal navigate mainly and in the narrow channel, The adjoining area should be improved, as well as the qualify of the chart paper. Sixthly, publication of additional new chart in the southern part of East Sea, the eastern part of South Sea, the western part of South Sea and middle part of Yellow Sea near Incheon port should be thought over. Seventhly, the number of chart selling agent should be increased for the sake of purchaser in proportion to the number of port, and small correction of charts in selling agent must be carried out completely.