• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.673-683
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to develop a spiritual care education program (SCEP) for nursing students to help increase their awareness of the essence of spirituality in care so as to enable them to promote spiritual well-being and spiritual care competence. Methods: The participants were assigned to an experimental group (n=42) or a control group (n=39). From August to October 2009, the experimental group participated in the SCEP, which were held 2 hours a week for 6 weeks. The data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test, Fisher's exact probability test, paired t-test, t-test with the SPSS WIN 17.0 statistics program. Results: The experimental group had a higher mean score for spirituality, spiritual well-being and spiritual care competence than the control group. Significant differences were found between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the SCEP was effective in improving spirituality, spiritual well-being and spiritual care competence for nursing students.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.589-598
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors for pathological gambling of horse race participants. Methods: The participants, 508 horse race gamblers, completed the DSM-IV criteria of pathological gambling, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-K) and Symptom Checklist-47-Revision (SCL-47-R). Data were analyzed using t-test, $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analyses. Behaviors related to horse racing, alcohol abuse, and mental health were analyzed between problem or pathological gamblers compared to recreational gamblers. Results: The prevalence rates of recreational, problem, and pathological gambling were 36.6%, 39.4%, and 24.0%, respectively. Frequency of gambling (${\geq}4/day$), frequency of racetrack visiting (${\geq}3/month$), accompaniment (alone), and mental health (SCL-47-R scores) were all associated with increased risks of problem and pathological gambling. Expenditure on betting (${\geq}200,000$ won/day) and alcohol abuse (AUDIT-K 8-20 scores) group members had higher levels of gambling pathology than recreational gamblers. Conclusion: Problem and pathological gambling are highly associated with alcohol abuse and mental health disorders, suggesting that clinicians should carefully evaluate this population.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.269-279
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• 2012

Purpose: To develop a expressive writing program for women with breast cancer and to identify its effects on stress physical symptom, cancer symptom, anxiety, depression, and QOL. Methods: A non-equivalent control pre-post design was used. Participants were recruited from self-help groups in six hospitals and were assigned to the experimental group (29) or control group (29). Data were collected before, after, and at four weeks after the intervention program. Changes in the variables were evaluated to test effects of the developed program, using $X^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, repeated measures ANOVA, and paired t-test. Results: The expressive writing program was developed for women with breast cancer based on Pennebaker's expressive writing. Significant differences were found between the two groups for stress related to physical symptoms ($p$<.00) and quality of life ($p$=.024). No significant differences were found in cancer symptoms, anxiety, or depression between the two groups. Conclusion: The results indicate that the expressive writing program designed to express cancer-related deep thoughts and emotions helps in decreasing physical symptoms and improving QOL. Further studies are needed to identify the effect on emotions such as anxiety and depression for women with breast cancer with above average levels of anxiety and depression.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.686-694
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to examine the effects of moxibustion on physiological indices, such as 24-hr blood pressure, pulse pressure, and pulse rate, and autonomic nervous symptoms among adults with prehypertension. Methods: Participants were adults whose systolic and diastolic blood pressures were in the prehypertension stage and were not under treatment for the condition. Both experimental and control group consisted of 13 participants who were taking classes on acupuncture and moxibustion at a private institute. The experimental group received moxibustion once a day for 15 min, at least 5 days a week for 8 weeks. The results were analyzed using $x^2$-test, t-test, Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and repeated measures ANOVA with the SAS program. Bonferroni correction method was adopted for multiple comparisons. Results: No significant change was observed in the 24-hr systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups. Differences in the 24-hr pulse pressure and pulse rate were also not significant. However, significant decreases in headache, symptoms of flushing and fatigue were observed in the experimental group. Conclusion: The results suggest that moxibustion contributes to alleviating symptoms such as headache, flushing and fatigue associated with the autonomic nervous system among adults with prehypertension.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of auricular acupressure therapy on the upper extremity function, perceived health status and Activities of Daily Living for rehabilitation among stroke patients at home. Methods: As a quasi-experimental study, non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Data were collected from August 1st to September 31st, 2012. Participants were 28 (Experimental 17, Control 11) stroke patients at home. Using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program, data were analysed by the $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Upper extremity function (U=28.00, p=.001) and activities of daily living (U=47.50, p=.029) were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. However, perceived health status was not significantly different between the two group. Conclusion: This study proved that auricular acupressure therapy was effective for upper extremity function and activities of daily living among stroke patients at home.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the effects of Tai Chi exercise on physical fitness and quality of life (QOL) in elderly women. Methods: This study was designed as a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. The subjects were elderly women over 60 years old who enrolled senior citizen centers and elderly welfare center. Thirty-three people were conveniently assigned to an experimental group (n=15) or a control group (n=18). The data were collected from September 2009 to May 2010. The experimental group was trained Tai Chi exercise for 8 weeks (one hour Tai Chi classes twice a week and once a week by themselves at home). Data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, ${\chi}^2$-test and independent t-test. Results: The experimental group experienced significant improvements in flexibility. The experimental group experienced significant improvements in physical component summary (p=.017) and mental component summary (p=.027) of QOL. Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise can be used as a nursing intervention for improvement of physical fitness and QOL in elderly women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of sex education on middle school boys' perception about obscene materials and self identity. Methods: This study was employed, using pretest-posttest of nonequivalent control group design. Data were collected from April 1st to May 14th, 2005. The subjects were recruited from two middle boys' school in Incheon which have similar class accomplishments and financial statues. Sampling method was used 70 students were assigned to experimental group and 74 students to control group. The 45 minutes sex education was given 4 times within 3 weeks to the experimental group. Four weeks later after education has finished, post test was done. The data were analyzed using Chi test, Fisher's exact test and t -test by SPSS. Results: The 1st hypothesis 'The experimental group which received sex education will have a higher score of perception about obscene materials than control group' was supported(t = 3.370, p = .001). The 2nd hypothesis 'The experimental group which received sex education will have a higher score about self identity than the control group' was supported(t = 1.997, p = .048). Conclusion: This study showed that sex education effectively helps middle school boys to have right perception about obscene materials and to promote self identity.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.197-212
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• 2016

Objectives : This study develops a salutogenic program and examines its effects on the sense of coherence, acculturative stress, and quality of life of married immigrant women. Methods : The salutogenic program was developed based on Antonovsky's Salutogenic Model, and the study design was a nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. The participants were married immigrant Chinese (n=30) and Vietnamese (n=31) women, who were assigned to either an experimental group (n=29) or a control group (n=32). The data were analyzed using the ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, Fisher's exact test, and repeated measures ANOVA, and the IBM SPSS for Windows (version 20.0) program was used to perform the analysis. Results : Compared to the control group, the sense of coherence (F=52.05, p <.001) and quality of life (F=6.95, p=.002) were significantly improved in the experimental group, and the acculturative stress (F=24.64, p<.001) in this group significantly decreased after implementing salutogenic program. Conclusions : These findings indicate that a salutogenic program is an effective intervention for married immigrant women. The study suggests that such programs can be applied to married immigrant women at public health or multicultural family support centers to improve their sense of coherence and quality of life.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of prior information about ICU environment on the anxiety and environmental stress of cardiac surgery ICU patients. Methods: A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized quasi-experimental research design was used. Participants were 60 (control 30, experimental 30) patients who had been admitted to ICU. Prior information about the ICU environment was provided to the experimental group. The anxiety level of subjects was measured by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the stress level of subjects was measured by the Intensive Care Unit Environmental Stressor Scale (ICUESS). Data were analyzed using a Chi-square test or a Fisher's exact test, independent samples t-test, and paired samples t-test. Results: There was no difference in Anxiety (t=-0.58, p=.563), but there was a significant difference in environmental stress (t=10.46, p<.001). Conclusion: Providing prior information would be an effective nursing intervention to reduce environmental stress.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.147-157
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Tai Chi exercise program (Sun style 12 forms) on anxiety, powerlessness, self-esteem in community-dwelling elderly women. Methods: With a quasi-experimental design, a nonequivalent control group pretest-post test was used. Elderly women who agreed to participate in the study were assigned into an experimental group (n=23), or a control group (n=23). The experimental group participated in Tai Chi exercise program for 50 minutes per session, 2 times a week for 11 weeks. Tai Chi exercise program consisted of 10 minutes for warm-up, 35 minutes for main session, and 5 minutes for cooling down exercises. Anxiety, powerlessness, and self-esteem were measured with questionnaires to evaluate the effect of Tai Chi exercise program. The data were analyzed by using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney test by a SPSS WIN 12.0 program. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvement for self-esteem (z=-3.130, p=.002), powerlessness(z=-3.267, p=.001), and anxiety (z=-2.932, p=.003) when compared to control group, Conclusions: Tai chi exercise program may be an effective nursing intervention to improve self-esteem and to reduce powerlessness and anxiety in community-dwelling elderly women.