• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.176-183
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• 2016

In this study, disease surveillance was performed to monitor the prevalence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) and red seabream iridovirus (RSIV) in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus in 2015. The fish samples were collected in March (60 farms), May (55 farms) and July (52 farms) from different farms in Jeju. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (VHSV) or PCR (RSIV) results showed that VHSV detected in 2 farms, but RSIV has not been detected in any farms. The sequences of the nucleocapsid protein (N) and glycoprotein (G) gene of the 2 VHSV isolates were successfully sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was included VHSV isolates reported here together with a representative VHSV isolates available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that most of Korea VHSV isolates were closely related to the Japan and China genotype IVa which is clearly distinct from the North American genotype IVb.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.68-72
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• 2007

Flounder is one of the major aquacultured fish and of an economically important item in Korean fisheries. Recently, there are trends of research worldwide that aim to analyze and characterize a whole genome or a whole proteome of interesting species. The data are utilized for the understanding and development of preventive and curative technologies for the serious diseases. However, there are very limited information of proteome for marine organisms, we optimized first the conditions for two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) with serum form a marine fish, flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). A pre-treatment of serum and an optimization of protein concentration analyzed were surveyed for enhancing the separation for proteins. A statistical analysis was performed on the overall 1,820 protein spots to overcome the variability among individual fishes.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2016

Background: Ginsenoside-Rg3, the pharmacologically active component of red ginseng, has been found to inhibit tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis in various cancer models. Previously, we found that 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rg3 (Rg3) could inhibit angiogenesis. Since microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to affect many biological processes, they might play an important role in ginsenoside-mediated angiomodulation. Methods: In this study, we examined the underlying mechanisms of Rg3-induced angiosuppression through modulating the miRNA expression. In the miRNA-expression profiling analysis, six miRNAs and three miRNAs were found to be up- or down-regulated in vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-induced human-umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after Rg3 treatment, respectively. Results: A computational prediction suggested that mature hsa-miR-520h (miR-520h) targets ephrin receptor (Eph) B2 and EphB4, and hence, affecting angiogenesis. The up-regulation of miR-520h after Rg3 treatment was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while the protein expressions of EphB2 and EphB4 were found to decrease, respectively. The mimics and inhibitors of miR- 520h were transfected into HUVECs and injected into zebra-fish embryos. The results showed that overexpression of miR-520h could significantly suppress the EphB2 and EphB4 protein expression, proliferation, and tubulogenesis of HUVECs, and the subintestinal-vessel formation of the zebra fish. Conclusion: These results might provide further information on the mechanism of Rg3-induced angiosuppression and the involvement of miRNAs in angiogenesis.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2012

Allergic skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by edema and infiltration with various inflammatory cells such as mast cells, basophils, eosinophils and T cells. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is produced mainly by epidermal keratinocytes, as well as dermal fibroblasts and mast cells in the skin lesions of AD. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil can reduce inflammation in allergic patients. Fermentation has a tremendous capacity to transform chemical structures. The antiinflammatory effects of fish oil have been described in many diseases, but the beneficial effects by which fermented olive flounder oil (FOF) modulates the allergic response is poorly understood. In this study, we produced FOF and tested its ability to suppress the various allergic inflammatory responses. The ability of FOF to modulate the immune system was investigated using a mouse model of AD. The FOF-treated group showed significantly decreased immunoglobulin E (IgE) and histamine in serum. Also, the increased TSLP expression was significantly inhibited in the FOF group; the FOF-treated group was not appreciably different from the hydrocort cream treatment group. In addition, FOF treatment resulted in a smaller spleen size with reduced the thickness and length compared to the induction group. Splenocytes from mice treated with FOF produced significantly less IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-4, T-box transcription factor (T-bet) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) expression compared with the induction group. These results suggest that FOF may be effective in treating the allergic symptoms of AD. 5.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.239-251
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• 2009

The effects of microbiological properties and pathogenicity of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae were investigated under different culture conditions, temperature, pH, NaCl and iron concentration on culture media. Favorable conditions for bacterial growth were between 15-30${^{\circ}C}$, pH 5-9, 0-4% NaCl concentration and iron contents of over 10 mM, whereas the bacterial growth was inhibited under iron chelator existence. When P. damselae was cultured in iron-limited tryptic soy broth, total protein concentration of extracellular products, cytotoxic ability of ECPs on cell line, bacterial viability in flounder serum, phospholipase and siderophore activities of ECPs were significantly increased. On the other hand, the activities of P. damselae cultured under iron-added conditions were decreased. In this study, the iron-limited conditions were similar to the host in which iron concentration is low. During infection caused by P. damselae, the conditions could be related to the pathogenesis of the pathogen.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.225-230
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• 1983

The proteolytic bacteria were isolated from the market foods such as ground beef, cooked shrimp meat, perch fillet, oyster meat, beef with textured vegetable protein and fish digest distributed at supermarket in Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.A. Two hundred and twenty-eight strains($30.8\%$) have proteolytic activity from 740 strains isolated from the examined samples and the strongest proteolytic strain among them was identified as a Streptococcus sp. Its maximum growth was showed at about 6 hours culture at $37^{\circ}C$ with shaking incubator in the medium added $0.15\%$ potassium phosphate monobasic and $0.4\%$ potassium phosphate dibasic, while the strongest activity of its extracellular protease was observed after 7 hours culture. The exoenzyme produced by the Streptococcus sp. was observed as a metal chelator sensitive protease, which are strongly inhibited by EDTA and o-phenanthroline but not affected by phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.156-162
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• 2006

The halophilic enterobacteria, Enterobacteria cancerogenus, was isolated from the intestines of the fusiform fish (Trachurus japonicus) to yield a protein-like material termed PLM-f74. PLM-f74 was characterized by strong inhibition ratios to angiogenesis (82.8% at the concentration of $18.5{\mu}g/mL$) and elevated antioxidative capacities with low toxicity. The PLM-f74 is a glycoprotein comprised of saccharides and amino acids. PLM-f74 inhibited non-activated U937 monocytic cell adhesion to HUVECs activated with IL-$1{\beta}$ by 78.0%, and the adherence of U937 cells treated with the PLM-f74 and stimulated with IL-$1{\beta}$ to unstimulated HUVECs decreased by 102%. When both cell types were pretreated with PLM-f74, the adhesion of U937 cells to IL-$1{\beta}$ stimulated HUVECs was completely suppressed by 121% at a concentration of 18.5 ug/mL. PLM-f74 blocked signal pathways from VEGFR2, PI3K, ${\beta}$-catenin and VE-cadherin to NF-kB based on western bolt analysis. And also inhibited IL-1-stimulated HUVEC expression of the adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 by 40%, VCAM-1 by 60%, and E-selectin by 70% at the same concentration noted above. New anti-angiogenic and anti-cell adhesion materials showing elevated antioxidative capacities and non-toxicity may be expected from these results.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2000

We have cloned and analyzed cDNA coding for non-virion (NV) protein of the m V - P R T The NV gene contained 336 bp open readmg frame and encoded a protein of 11 1 amino acids with a molecular weight of 13.2 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of NV of IHNVPRT was found to be 90-95% identical to those of foreign isolates of IHNV. These results indicate that NV gene of the MNV is highly conserved among &ifferent strains of THNV Northern blot analyses revealed that the levels of NV gene expression were strongly elevated after 20 h post-infection. In order to identify the role of NV in the replication of MNV in fish cells, IHNVinfected cells were treated with antisense oligonucleotides. While IHNV-PRT exposed to glycoprotein (G) antisense oligonucleotide showed severely reduced growth, the growth of virus exposed to NV antisense oligonucleotide was not affected by NV antisense oligonucleotide, which suggests that NV is not essential for replication of IHNV in fish cells.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.334-339
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• 1997

The feasibility of foam separation to remove solid produced from fish culture water was investigated. Performance characteristics of foam separator were highly dependent upon the operating parameters which were superficial air velocity, Hydraulic retention time (HRT), and foam height. About $50\%$ of the total protein contained in a sample of fish culture water could be removed by foam separator. The removal efficiencies of protein, T-N, TA, and solid components were increased with increasing superficial air velocity and HRT. The combined effects of these operational variables show that removal rates of TVS increase with increasing superficial air velocity and HRT, and decrease as foam height goes up. It could be confirmed that foam separator might offer good perspective for removal of harmful components such as TA and TVS in aquacultural recirculating water.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.213-219
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• 2005

Vitellogenin (VTG) was purified from the blood plasma of estradiol-17$\beta$ ($E_2$)-treated male marbled sole (Limanda yokohamae) using gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. The purity of the marbled sole VTG (msVTG) was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and N-terminal amino acid sequencing. The purified msVTG was used to produce monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in mice and rabbits, respectively, and the specificity of the polyclonal antisera for msVTG was confirmed by Western blot analysis. The antibodies cross­reacted with a protein of molecular mass approximately 160 kDa in the plasma samples of mature female marbled sole. No cross-reactivity was observed with the plasma of male fish. A direct non-competitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using the monoclonal anti-msVTG and polyclonal anti-msVTG antibodies, with purified msVTG as the standard protein. The values of the intra- and inter-assay variations were within the ranges of $8.l-9.8\%$ and $8.5-12.2\%$, respectively. The sensitivity was about 0.3 ng/mL. Serial dilutions of plasma from mature female sole reacted with the msVTG-antibodies in the sandwich ELISA, whereas the plasma from male fish did not. The results indicate that the maturation status of female marbled sole can be identified using a sandwich ELISA for msVTG.