• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.253-262
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigated the effect of dietary fat sources on renal senescence in aged rats. Seventeen month old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups according to urinary protein excretion. Four month old rats were used as a control group. The rats were fed one of three different experimental diets ; 20% beef tallow, 20% corn oil 20% fish oil diet. They were fed experimental diets ad libitum for 16 weeks . The results are summarized as follows. Serum lipid concentrations were higher in aged rats than in control rats, with the beef tallow group showing the highest level, followed by the corn oil and fish oil groups. Old rats showed higher HDL and lower LDL levels than the control groups. Age and dietary fat had no effect on VLDL. GFR for the both age groups were increased with experimental period with the beef tallow group showing the highest value. Urinary protein excretion was also increased with experimental period in both age groups. There was a large increase in urinary protein in old rats that were fed beef tallow and corn oil, but not in old rats fed fish oil. On the contrary , the effect of dietary fat on urinary protein was not found in control groups. There was individual susceptibility in the effect of dietary fat on urinary protein. Old rats fed beef tallow with high initial urinary protein showed highest increase, but , the change was not significant in rats with a low initial value . It was also found that the increase was kept low in rats of the fish oil group with high initial urinary protein. The corn oil group showed in between values. There were no differences in urine and renal tissue concentrations of TXB2 . Aged rats showed a tendency of having higher urinary PGE2 excretion and lower renal cortex content. Since higher PGE2 excretion was reported to be associated with decreased renal function, this might suggest that the aged rats show renal function reduction. Light microscopic examination showed that glomerular segmental sclerosis, mesangial matrix expansion and tubular atrophy were more frequently present in aged rats, and that these changes were more significant in the beef tallow group, followed by corn oil and fish oil groups. The percentage of urinary protein excretion was increased in aged rats in association with increased glomerular sclerosis and mesangial matrix . This change could be partly due to a change in eicosanoids metabolism . Therefore, modification of dietary fat could affect the eicosanoids metabolism in kidney and renal senescence.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.380-385
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• 1998

본 연구는 성장기 잉어 사료의 어분 대체사료원으로서 축산가공혼합부산물 (Animal by-product mixture. ABPM)의 이용 가능성과 어분단백질 대체 범위를 결정하고 잉어용 어분대체품개발의 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시되었다. 본 실험사료의 동물성 단백질원으로는 북양어분(White Fish Meal, WFM)과 수지박 (Leather Meal. LM). 육골분 (Meat&Bone Meal, MBM). 혈분 (Blood Meal, BM). 오징어내 장분 (Squid Liver Powder, SLP)의 혼합물인 축산가공부산혼합물 (Animal by-product mixture. ABPM)을 사용하였고. 식물성 단백질원으로는 대두박 (Soybean Meal, SM)과 콘글루텐밀 (Corn Gluten Meal, CGM)을 사용하였다. 모든 실험사료는 조단백질함량 $40\%$. 가용성 에너지 15.3 KJ/g (protein. carbohyd-rate and lipid; 16.7, 16.7 and 37.7 J/g)으로 동일하게 맞추었고 각 사료의 성분조성은 다음과 같이 요약된다. diet 1, $100\%$ WFM+$0\%$ ABPM ($0\%$ ABPM. control); dict 2, $75\%$ WFM+$25\%$ ABPM ($25\%$ ABPM); diet 3, $50\%$ WFM+$50\%$ ABPM ($50\%$ ABPM): diet 4, $25\%$ WFM+$75\%$ ABPM ($75\%$ ABPM), diet 5, $0\%$ WFM+$100\%$ ABPM ($100\%$ ABPM). 각 사료내 단백질원으로서, 동물성 단백질은 어분과 ABPM을 사용하여 총단백질의 $34.7\%$를, 식물성 단백질은 $65.3\%$를 공급하였다. 일주간의 먹이붙임후에 잉어는 각 실험군별 평균어체중 10g 되도록하여 3반복으로 무작위 배치하였고, 전반기 첫 번째와 두번째 4주간의 사육기간이 끝난 8주후에는 평균어체중이 28g 되도록 재배치하여 추가로 후반기 세번째 4주간 총 12주동안 사육하였다. 사료는 1일 3회 어체중의 $2.7\~4\%$로 12주간 공급하였다. 매 2주마다 체중을 측정하였고 전반기 8주, 12주후 체장, hemoglobin, hematocrit 및 일반성분 분석을 실시하였다. 전반기 첫 번째 4주후 증체율 및 사료전환효율은 유의적 차이가 없었으나 전반기 두번째 4주후 사료 3, 4 및 5는 사료 I (대조구)보다 유의적으로 낮았다 (P<0.05). 이와는 달리 후반기 세번째 4주후의 모든 사료구의 증체율 및 사료전환효율에는 유의적 차이가 없었다 (P>0.05). 또한, 전어체 일반성분 분석 결과 전$\cdot$후반기동안 모든 사료구의 일반성분치 (수분, 조단백, 조지방, 조회분)에는 유의적 차이가 없었다 (P>0.05). 본 실험 결과, 사료내 동물성 단백질원으로 ABPM은 충분한 먹이붙임 후에 어분단백질의 $100\%$까지 대체 가능함을 보여 주었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.462-468
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• 2004

In order to evaluate adaptation to the environment in released fish, digestive organ and body composition were compared among 1-year old cultured (CUL), released (REL) and wild (WIL) Black Sea Bream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) of the REL was significantly lower than those of the CUL and WIL fish, but intestine weight index (IWI) of REL was significantly higher than those of the CUL and WIL fish. There were no significant differences in stomach weight index (SWI) and condition facto. (CF) among those different fish groups. The number of pyloric caeca of the REL and WIL fish were 4, but the $30{\%}$ of CUL fish was 3 counts. The moisture content of whole body in the WIL fish was significantly higher than the CUL and REL fish, but significant lowest in the crude lipid of whole body. The content of moisture and crude protein of dorsal muscle were no significant differences among the CUL, REL and WIL fish, but crude lipid content of WIL fish was significantly lower than the CUL and REL fish. Moisture content of CUL fish in the liver was significantly lower than the REL and WIL fish, and crude lipid was significant lowest in the WIL fish. Amino acid content of dorsal muscle in the WIL fish was highest in the total amino acid, EAA and E/A ratio, and CUL fish was highest EAA and E/A ratio in liver. EPA content in dorsal muscle of WIL fish was lower than CUL and REL fish, and the REL fish was highest in DHA content of the fatty acid. EPA content in liver of WIL fish was lower than CUL and REL fish, and DHA content in REL and WIL fish was highest and lowest. Crude protein content of CUL and WIL fish in the scale was significantly higher than REL fish, but there were no significant differences in contents of crude lipid and ash. Ca and P of scale were formed most of mineral and content of P in CUL fish was significantly higher than those of REL and WIL fish. There were no significant differences in Mg, K, Na and S of scale, but CUL fish was significantly lower than REL fish in C1. The results suggest that difference of digestive organs and body composition concluded it from differences of inhabitation environment and feed formulations.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.247-250
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• 2022

About 6.7% mortality was reported in a starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) aquaculture farm in 2022. Most of the diseased fish showed a loss of pectoral fin, hemorrhages on muscle and gills, pale gills, enlarged spleen, and nodules on kidney. Parasites, fungi or viruses (viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus and hirame novirhabdovirus) were not detected from diseased fish. However, numerous bacteria were isolated from liver, spleen and kidney. Nucleotide sequences of the A-protein-encoding virulence array protein gene (vapA) of the bacteria showed 99.93% identity with Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida. This study is the first report of isolation of atypical A. salmonicida in cultured starry flounder in Korea.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.494-499
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• 2001

어분으로부터 추출한 어분 단백질을 이용하여 가식성 및 생분해성 필름을 제조할 때, 어분 단백질의 추출 시간을 달리하여 제조된 필름의 수증기 투과도, 인장강도, 신장률 및 용해도의 변화를 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 어분단백칠 추출시간이 FMPI 필름의 수증기 투과도에 미치는 영향은 크지 않았다. 가소제로써 glycerol을 첨가한 필름의 수증기 투과도가 sorbitol을 첨가한 필름보다 높았다. 인장강도의 신장률은 어분 단백질의 추출시간이 증가함에 따라 증가하다가 1시간일 때 가장 높았으며 그 이상 추출시간이 증가함에 따라 감소 하였다. 총 용해물질의 함량과 수용성 단백질 함량은 어분 단백질의 추출시간이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다가 1시간일 때 가장 낮았으며, 추출시간이 1시간 이상 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 필름의 수용성 단백질 함량과 인장강도와 신장률은 음의 상관 관계를 나타내었으며 신장률($r^{2}=0.62$)보다는 인장강도($r^{2}=0.83$)가 수용성 단백질의 함량과 밀접한 상관관계를 나타내었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2019

This study investigated the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with a mixture of four protein sources (wheat gluten, soy protein concentrate, tankage meal, and poultry byproduct meal) in an extruded pellet (EP) diet for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Five experimental diets were formulated with alternative proteins replacing 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of FM. Taurine and betaine were added as attractants in the diets. Triplicate groups of fish (initial body weight: $196{\pm}2g$) were fed the diets to apparent satiation. Over the course of a 6-month feeding trial, there were no significant differences between the groups in growth performance, feed utilization, survival, or villus height. The dry matter and protein digestibility of FM50 diet were significantly lower than those of the control diet at water temperatures below $18.5^{\circ}C$ in months 4 and 6. This is a highly significant first report on FM replacement in an EP diet given to olive flounder over a 6-month-long feeding period. It shows that the proper mixture of protein sources can replace up to 50% of FM in olive flounder EP diets with taurine and betaine supplementation. It also shows that 40% of FM could be safely replaced in EP diets during periods of low water temperature.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.196-200
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• 1998

The proximate composition of viscera of six fish species viz., Catla catla, Labeo, rohita Cirrhina mrigala, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Cyprinus carpio under the influence of artificial feed $(T_1)$, broiler manure $(T_2)$, buffalo manure $(T_3)$, N:P:K (25:25:0 $T_4$) and control pond $(T_5)$ has been studied on final harvest after the end of experimental period of one year. The overall comparison of six fish species under five different treatments showed that Cyprinus carpio remained the best for visceral total protein contents. The maximum visceral protein content was recorded in fishes under $T_2$ except Cirrhina mrigala, while the minimum under $T_5$. The comparison of five treatments showed that maximum (6.69) percentage of fat in viscera of fish was recorded under $T_2$, closely followed by $T_4$ while minimum (4.89) under the effect of $T_5$. Among the six fish species under five treatments Cyprinus carpio showed maximum accumulation/deposition of total fats in viscera.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.441-448
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• 2014

We examined the effects of dietary nutrient content, feeding period, and feed allowance on compensatory growth, food use, chemical composition, and serum chemistry of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. We placed 720 juvenile fish into 24 400-L flow-through round tanks (30 fish per tank).A $2{\time}2{\time}2$ factorial design (diet: control (C) and high protein and lipid (HPL) ${\time}$ feeding period: 8 and 6 weeks ${\time}$ feed allowance: 100% and 90% of satiation) was applied. Fish were hand-fed twice daily, based on the designated feeding schedule. Weight gain and food consumption were affected by both the feeding period and feed allowance, but not by diet. The food efficiency ratio was not affected by diet, feeding period, or feed allowance, but the protein efficiency ratio and protein retention were affected by diet and feeding period, respectively. We found that the full compensatory growth of fish was not achieved at a restricted feeding allowance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 1991

Performance and production of twenty lactating Holstein cows fed diets containing either soybean meal or fish meal as the primary protein source were compared in a continuous or split feeding scheme. At 1 wk prepartum four groups of five animals were placed on each experimental diet. Animals assigned to the continuous feeding scheme were continued on these diets for 10-wk postpartum. At 4 wk postpartum, the diets for the groups assigned to switching protein sources were changed. These treatments were continued for another 6 wk. Milk production and dietary intakes were recorded daily. Milk constituents were measured every 2 d. Cows weights, rumen fluid samples and jugular blood samples were collected weekly. Data showed no effect of early lactation diet on cow performance or milk characteristics. Overall, compared to the soybean meal diet, the fish meal diet lowered the milk fat percent and increased production of milk per unit of dry matter ingested. No differences were observed for volatile fatty acid content of rumen fluid, blood mineral content, milk protein, somatic cell count, 4%-fat corrected milk, dry matter intake, or body weight.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.186-189
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• 2023

Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a unique mitochondrial membranous protein expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in mammals. While its expression in response to cold temperatures and adipogenic inducers is well-characterized in mammals and human infants, the molecular characterization and expression of UCP1 in fish remain unexplored. To address this gap, we analyzed UCP1 expression in response to adipogenic inducers in a fish cell line, rainbow trout gonadal cells (RTG-2), and compared it with UCP1 expression in three mammalian preadipocytes, 3T3-L1, T37i, and WT1 exposed to the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists, rosiglitazone (Rosi). In mammalian preadipocytes, UCP1 protein was highly expressed by Rosi, with an induction of adipogenesis observed in a time-dependent manner. This suggests that UCP1 plays a significant role in adipogenesis in mammals. However, RTG-2 cells showed no response to adipogenic inducers and exhibited only marginal expressions of UCP1. These results imply that RTG-2 cells may lack crucial responsive mechanisms to adipogenic signals or that the adipogenic response is regulated by other mechanisms. Further studies are needed to confirm these phenomena in fish preadipocytes when an appropriate cell line is established in future research.