• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1589-1595
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• 2014

Objective: Forkhead box C2 (FOXC2) is a member of the winged helix/forkhead box (Fox) family of transcription factors. It has been suggested to regulate tumor vasculature, growth, invasion and metastasis, although it has not been studied in cervical cancer. Here, we analyzed FOXC2 expression in cervical tissues corresponding to different stages of cervical cancer development and examined its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics. In addition, we examined the effects of targeting FOXC2 on the biological behavior of human cervical cancer cells. Methods: The expression of FOXC2 in normal human cervix, CIN I-III and cervical cancer was examined by immunohistochemistry and compared among the three groups and between cervical cancers with different pathological subtypes. Endogenous expression of FOXC2 was transiently knocked down in human Hela and SiHa cervical cells by siRNA, and cell viability and migration were examined by scratch and CCK8 assays, respectively. Results: In normal cervical tissue the frequency of positive staining was 25% (10/40 cases), with a staining intensity (PI) of $0.297{\pm}0.520$, in CIN was 65% (26/40cases), with a PI of $3.00{\pm}3.29$, and in cancer was 91.8% (68/74 cases), with a PI of $5.568 {\pm}3.449$. The frequency was 100% in adenocarcinoma (5/5 cases) and 91.3% in SCCs (63/69 cases). The FOXC2 positive expression rate was 88.5% in patients with cervical SCC stage I and 100% in stage II, showing significant differences compared with normal cervix and CIN. With age, pathologic differentiation degree and tumor size, FOXC2 expression showed no significant variation. On transient transfection of Hela and SiHa cells, FOXC2-siRNA inhibition rates were 76.2% and 75.7%; CCK8 results showed reduced proliferation and relative migration (in Hela cells from $64.5{\pm}3.16$ to $49.5{\pm}9.24$ and in SiHa cells from $60.1{\pm}3.05$ to $44.3{\pm}3.98$) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: FOXC2 gene expression increases with malignancy, especially with blood vessel hyperplasia and invasion degree. Targeted silencing was associated with reduced cell proliferation as well as invasion potential.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.149-165
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the health status on the quality of life of the rural elderly, and to examine the conditional effect of socialsupport for that influence. 'Quality of life' used in this study was defined by unidimensional approach. The data were collected by conducting individual interviews with 296 rural elderly people aged 60 and the above who were living in one township of Kangwondo, between the time period of October and November 1995. The main findings are as follows: 1. Hierarchical regression analyses were carried out to examine the relative contribution of three set of variables on the quality of life. The first step, which included sociodemographic factors showed that the coefficient of determination (R$^{2}$) was 8% and income was a statisically significant variable. The second step, by adding health related factors, revealed that the R$^{2}$ was increased to 34% by 26% point and the degree of health recognition was the statistically significant variable. The third step, by projecting additionall social support related variables revealed that the R$^{2}$ was 42% 2. The conditional effect of social support was analyzed to examine the influence the health status has on the quality of life. The results are as follows: 1) The IADL and the degree of social contact interacted, resulting in that the higher degree of social contact boosted the stronger effect of IADL. 2) The effect of subjective health recognition on the quality of life is depended upon degree of family ontact. 3) The effect of eyesight on the quality of life is depended upon degree of satisfaction in social relation. The lower the degree of social support was, the bigger the influence of health related variables affecting quality of life became. This study explains that health status is a major factor in predicting the quality of life of the aged. Particularly the subjective health recognition was an important factor as the perception of quality of life.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.99-120
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• 2017

최근 연구를 살펴보면 다국적기업이 국제경영 활동에서 국제기업가지향성은 기업성과의 향상에 아주 중요한 수단으로 인식되고 있지만 이들 관계는 다양한 연구결과를 보여주고 있다. 따라서 개발도상국인 중국 수출기업을 대상으로 선정하였을 때 이들 관계가 선형관계를 미치는지 아니면 비선형관계를 미치는지에 대한 검증은 매우 흥미로운 연구주제가 될 수 있다. 본 논문의 연구목적은 중국 수출기업을 대상으로 국제기업가지향성과 수출성과에 비선형의 영향을 미치는지를 검증하고, 국제화 정도와 시장역동성의 조절효과를 검증하고자 한다. 본 논문의 가설검증을 위해 사용된 설문지는 총 478부이다. 연구결과를 요약하면 첫째, 국제기업가지향성과 수출성과의 관계는 J형 관계인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 국제화 정도는 국제기업가지향성과 수출성과의 J형 관계를 더욱 강화하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 국제화정도가 높을수록 국제기업가지향성과 수출성과의 J형 관계는 강화되고 이러한 조절작용은 시장이 역동적일수록 더욱 강화되는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과는 다음과 같은 이론적 기여와 경영적 기여를 한다. 이론적 기여로는 국제기업가지향성과 수출성과는 비선형 관계(J형)를 형성한다는 것이 확인되면서 국제기업가지향성과 수출성과의 관계를 새롭게 접근할 수 있는 실증적인 기여를 이루었다. 경영적 기여로는 역동적인 해외시장에서 국제화정도가 높은 중국기업은 수출성과의 향상을 위해서는 국제기업가지향성 행위를 지속적으로 실행해야 한다는 것을 시사한다.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2011

목적: 유전성 유방암 가계에서 BRCA 유전자 돌연변이 결과 공유의 중요성은 가족검사를 통해 돌연변이 보인자를 확인하고 적극적인 암 발생 감시와 예방적 치료를 제공하는데 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 유전성 유방암 가계에서 돌연변이 사실에 대한 공유 정도, 등친 별 의사소통 차이와 이에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 한국인 유전성유방암 연구에 등록되어 BRCA1 또는 BRCA2 돌연변이가 확인된 발단자 106명을 대상으로 검사 후 유전상담, 유전성 유방암 지식도 평가, 돌연변이 사실에 대한 가족간의 의사소통 과정, 가족 검사 현황에 대해 설문조사를 시행하였다. 결과: 최종 응답자 106명 중 99명은 적어도 한 명 이상의 친족에게 자신의 유전자 검사결과를 알렸으며, 일등친 가족에게만 알린 경우는 68.7%, 일등친과 이등친 이상의 가족에게 돌연변이 사실을 알린 경우는 31.3%였다. 단변량 분석결과 일등친 가족에게만 검사결과를 알린 군이 이등친 또는 삼등친 가족에게 돌연변이 사실을 알린 군에 비해 기혼자의 비율이 더 높았으며, 검사 후 유전상담일로부터 설문조사 시점까지 기간이 유의하게 짧은 것으로 나타났다. 가족에게 돌연변이 사실을 알린 이유에 대해서는 가족들에게 BRCA 유전자 돌연변이 가능성과 유방암 발병위험성을 알리기 위함에 가장 큰 비중을 차지하였다. 결론: 유전성 유방암 가계에서 BRCA 돌연변이 사실에 대한 정보를 보다 많은 가족과 공유하기 위해서는 유전상담 시 환자 개개인의 가계 구조를 파악하여 차별화된 의사소통 방법을 제시해 주어야 할 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.40-62
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• 1989

This study was conducted to measure the effects of clinical application of a Nursing Diagnosis Protocol. The dependent variables were the degree of patient's satisfaction and the degree of nurse's satisfaction with the nursing activity. Analysis of the effect of the use of the nursing diagnosis protocol was based on the nursing record. The subjects for this study were 61 nurses(experimental group 31, control group 30) and 155 patients (experimental group 55, control group 100) on four internal medicine wards in K University Hospital in Seoul. Data collection was done from August to October 12,1988. The results obtained in this study can be summarized as follows, 1, Effect of the clinical application of the nursing diagnosis protocol. 1) The first hypothesis ; “nurses who use the nursing diagnosis protocol will have higher degrees of satisfaction than those who use traditional methods” was rejected (t＝.54, df＝58, p＝.59). 2) The second hypothesis ; “patients nursed by nurses using the nursing diagnosis protocol will have higher degrees of satisfaction than those nursed with traditional methods” was supported(t＝1.93, df＝154, p＝.05). 3) The third hypothisis : Major hypothesis ; “the nursing records of the experimental group, who used the nursing diagnosis protocol, will be more detailed than those of the control group” was supported (t＝6.40, df＝79.90, p＝.000). (1) The first subhypothesis ; “The recorded data collection of the experimental group will be more detailed than that of the control group” was rejected (t＝1.79, df＝118, p＝.07). (2) The second subhypothesis ; “The recorded patient's problem statement of the experimental group will be more detailed than that of the control group”, was supported. (3) The third subhypothesis ; “The nursing record of the experimental group will be more convenient for implementation than that of the control group” was supported. 2. Factors related to the nurse's degree of satisfaction with protocol. 1) No general characteristics(age, religion, education level, duty career, present duty career) were related to the nurse's degree of satisfaction. 2) Variables related to the nurse's degree of satisfaction were “satisfaction as a nurse” and “consider nursing as lifelong job” (t＝-2.6, df＝13.22, p＝.02, t＝2.41, df＝23.85, p＝.02). 3. Factors related to the patient's degree of satisfaction. 1) General characteristics related to the patient's degree of satisfaction with nurses using the protocol were age, educational level, and being married.(F＝5.17, df＝3/153, p＝.00, t＝ -2.39, df＝154, p＝,01, f＝5.91, df＝2/153, p＝.00) 2) The variables previous hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, the hospital unit presence of a relative, medical insurance, or medical diagnosis were not related to the patient's degree of satisfaction. 1. The experimental group's nursing record was more detailed than the control group's record with regard to the physical and psychological state of the patients. As noted above, the experimental group nurses, who use a nursing diagnosis had protocol were less satisfied than the control group who used traditional methods of the recording, but experimental group patients had a higher degree of satisfaction than the control group patients. The nursing records of experimental group, using the nursing, diagnosis protocol was more detailed than that of the control group. If the nursing diagnosis protocol is used in clinical nursing practice, the quality of nursing care may be improved.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.481-494
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 시계열 데이타 클러스터링에서 DFT 진폭 기반의 프라이버시 보호 기법을 제안한다. 기존의 프라이버시 보호 연구인 DFT 계수 기법은 원본과 유사한 데이타가 복원될 수 있어 프라이버시 보호 측면에서 큰 문제점이 있다. 반면에, 제안한 DFT 진폭 기법은 DFT 변환 후에 위상을 제외한 진폭만을 사용함으로써 원본 데이타를 복원하기 매우 어려운 특징을 가진다. 본 논문에서는 우선 기존의 DFT 계수 기법이 복원이 용이한 함수이고, 제안한 DFT 진폭 기법이 복원이 어려운 함수임을 체계적으로 설명한다. 다음으로, 클러스터링 정확도를 대신하고 진폭을 선택하기 위한 척도로서 거리-순서 보존정도의 개념을 제안한다. 거리-순서 보존 정도는 객체들의 상대적 순서가 클러스터링 보호 함수의 적용전후에 얼마나 보존되는지의 척도를 나타낸다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 거리-순서 보존 정도의 개념을 사용하여 DFT 진폭 기법에서 진폭을 선택하는 탐욕적 전략들을 제시한다. 즉, 제안한 탐욕적 전략은 거리-순서 보존 정도를 극대화하는 방향으로 DFT 진폭을 선택하여, 궁극적으로 클러스터링 정확도를 높이고자 하는 방법이다. 마지막으로 실험을 통해 제안한 거리-순서 보존 정도가 클러스터링 정확도를 대신할 수 있는 척도임을 보인다. 또한, 제안한 DFT 진폭 기법의 탐욕적 전략들이 기존의 DFT 계수 기법에 비해 정확도가 크게 떨어지지 않음을 확인한다. 이 같은 결과를 달 때, 제안한 DFT 진폭 기법은 DFT 계수 기법에 비해 프라이버시 보호 정도를 크게 개선했을 뿐 아니라 비교적 정확한 클러스터링 정확도를 보이는 우수한 연구 결과라 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.74-83
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• 2022

Objective : Oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) is a surgical technique that utilizes a large interbody cage to indirectly decompress neural elements. The position of the cage relative to the vertebral body could affect the degree of foraminal decompression. Previous studies determined the position of the cage using plain radiographs, with conflicting results regarding the influence of the position of the cage to the degree of neural foramen decompression. Because of the cage obliquity, computed tomography (CT) has better accuracy than plain radiograph for the measurement of the obliquely inserted cage. The objective of this study is to find the correlation between the position of the OLIF cage with the degree of indirect decompression of foraminal stenosis using CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods : We review imaging of 46 patients who underwent OLIF from L2-L5 for 68 levels. Segmental lordosis (SL) was measured in a plain radiograph. The positions of the cage were measured in CT. Spinal canal cross-sectional area (SCSA), and foraminal crosssectional area (FSCA) measurements using MRI were taken into consideration. Results : Patients' mean age was 69.7 years. SL increases 3.0±5.1 degrees. Significant increases in SCSA (33.3%), FCSA (43.7% on the left and 45.0% on the right foramen) were found (p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis shows putting the cage in the more posterior position correlated with more increase of FSCA and decreases SL correction. The position of the cage does not affect the degree of the central spinal canal decompression. Obliquity of the cage does not result in different degrees of foraminal decompression between right and left side neural foramen. Conclusion : Cage position near the posterior part of the vertebral body increases the decompression effect of the neural foramen while putting the cage in the more anterior position correlated with increases SL.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제17권
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• pp.161-189
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• 2005

As the importance of intellectual assets has been brought into relief, this study aims at positively verifying where the intellectual workers' overall level of their knowledge conversion preference and their job character has reached, and how much the knowledge conversion preference, the job character and the fitness of both factors affects the job effectiveness respectively. For this purpose 3 types of research hypotheses were set up and the result of the verification of the hypotheses is summarized as follows: First, the verification of the relation between the knowledge conversion preference and the job effectiveness revealed that the workers who have the higher synthetic ability in knowledge conversion preference show the higher job satisfaction and job product. Secondly, the verification of the relation between the MPS representing the job character by measured index and the job satisfaction revealed that the absolute value of relative coefficient between the 4 factors excluding the public welfare factor and the MPS is 4, interpreted as medium correlation. Thirdly, the analysis on the degree of relation between the job product measured by the quality of job result and the input effort and the MPS showed that the absolute value of person relative coefficient is 5, interpreted not only as medium correlation but also very meaningful. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study was to give a guideline which can be utilized as an indicator for educating, training and placing the workers. As results, the main effect that the variable of knowledge conversion preference and job character chosen as the independent variable influences on the dependent variable of job satisfaction and job product is very meaningful except the public welfare factor.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1081-1089
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• 2018

The deformation and strength of brittle rocks are significantly influenced by the crack closure behavior. The relationship between the strength and deformation of rocks under uniaxial loading is the foundation for design and assessment of such scenarios. The concept of relative crack closure strain was proposed to describe the influence of the crack closure behavior on the deformation and strength of rocks. Considering the crack compaction effect, a new damage constitutive model was developed based on accumulated AE counts. First, a damage variable based on the accumulated AE counts was introduced, and the damage evolution equations for the four types of brittle rocks were then derived. Second, a compaction coefficient was proposed to describe the compaction degree and a correction factor was proposed to correct the error in the effective elastic modulus instead of the elastic modulus of the rock without new damage. Finally, the compaction coefficient and correction factor were used to modify the damage constitutive model obtained using the Lemaitre strain equivalence hypothesis. The fitted results of the models were then compared with the experimental data. The results showed that the uniaxial compressive strength and effective elastic modulus decrease with an increase in the relative crack closure strain. The values of the damage variables increase exponentially with strains. The modified damage constitutive equation can be used to more accurately describe the compressive deformation (particularly the compaction stage) of the four types of brittle rocks, with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.9.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.759-767
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• 2003

This paper presents the simplified but more rational analysis method for the prediction of additional internal forces induced in integral abutment bridges. These internal forces depend upon the degree of restraint provided tc the deck by the backfill soil adjacent to the abutments and piles. In addition, effect of the relative flexural stiffness ratio among pile foundations, abutment, and superstructure on the structural behavior is also an important factor. The first part of the paper develops the stiffness matrices, written in terms of the soil stiffness, for the lateral and rotational restraints provided by the backfill soil adjacent to the abutment. The finite difference analysis is conducted and it is confirmed that the results are agreed well with the predictions obtained by the proposed method. The simplified spring model is used in the parametric study on the behavior of simple span and multi-span continuous integral abutment PSC beam bridges in which the abutment height and the flexural rigidity of piles are varied. These results are compared with those obtained by loading Rankine passive earth pressure according to the conventional method. From the results of parametric study, it was shown that the abutment height, the relative flexural rigidity of superstructure and piles, and the earth pressure induced by temperature change greatly affect the overall structural response of the bridge system. It may be possible to obtain more rational and economical designs for integral abutment bridges by the proposed method.