• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2013

Routine urinalysis is a simple, economical, and useful test that facilitates the detection of urinary system diseases and monitoring of renal disease progression. It consists of 4 parts of specimen evaluation, gross examination, a dipstick urinalysis, and a sediment microscopic urinalysis. Urine specimens should first be evaluated in terms of acceptability, and thereafter, the gross appearance is examined for color, turbidity, and odor. In particular, a dipstick urinalysis is an easy and rapid test that provides information on the multiple physicochemical properties of the urine sample. Moreover, although a sediment microscopic urinalysis is time-consuming, it provides information on the cells, microorganisms, casts, and crystals. In the present report, the clinical significance of the routine urinalysis and the problems concerning interpretation are summarized.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2021

Herein, we report two rare cases of renal infection. The first case was renal subcapsular urine reflux in a 8-month-old girl with recurrent urinary tract infection and the second was subcapsular abscess in a 14-year-old girl with diabetes, who was successfully treated with percutaneous drainage. It has been suggested that renal subcapsular abscesses could be caused by the direct reflux of urine into the subcapsular space, rather than spread of infection from an existing parenchymal lesion, and that complete recovery can be achieved if percutaneous drainage is performed in a timely manner. We propose primary subcapsular reflux, in which urine directly refluxes upwards into the subcapsular space of the kidney, as one of the mechanisms for development of renal subcapsular abscesses.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1083-1088
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• 2016

Background: Cervical cancer is the second commonest cancer among Indian women and its association with human papilloma virus (HPV) is well established. This preventable cancer accounts for the maximum number of cancer related deaths among rural Indian women. Unlike in developed countries there are no organized cervical cancer screening programmes in India due to lack of resources and manpower. Objective: To detect genital HPV infection using urine samples among asymptomatic rural women in the age group of 18-65 years. Materials and Methods: The study area chosen was Perdoor village in Udupi Taluk, Karnataka State and all the women in the age group of 18-65 years formed the study cohort. A cross sectional study was conducted by house visits and 1,305 women were enrolled in the study. After taking written informed consent a data sheet was filled and early stream random urine samples were collected, transported to a laboratory at 4OC and aliquoted. Samples were tested using nested HPV PCR with PGMY09/11 and GP5+/6+ primers. Positive cases were genotyped by sequence analysis. Results: Study participants included 1,134 sexually active and 171 unmarried women with a mean age at marriage of 22.1 (SD=3.9) years. Study area showed high female literacy rate of 86.6%. Five urine samples tested positive for HPV DNA (0.4%). Conclusions: We found very low genital HPV infection rate among women from monogamous community. This is the first major population based study carried out among asymptomatic rural women to detect genital HPV infectio from Karnataka using urine samples.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.765-770
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• 2001

Thirty second parity sows of the synthetic Nepalese Pakhribas genotype were used to investigate factors which might improve the occurrence and expression of estrus. The experiment had two sequential elements. In part 1, a change in suckling pattern was applied during lactation, and in part 2, different estrus detection methods were evaluated after weaning. All sows received the same pattern of weaning, which imitated the progressive weaning system used in Nepalese villages. Piglets from each litter were weaned at three ages (6, 7 and 8 weeks of age) in the proportion of 0.5 at 6 weeks followed by 0.25 at each of the subsequent weanings. In the first lactation treatment, the suckling pattern was left undisturbed, similar to the practice used in the villages in which the remaining piglets after first weaning are allowed continuous suckling. In the other treatment, the remaining piglets after first weaning were allowed to suckle their sows only during the night, whilst in the day time (09:00-16:00) they were excluded from the sow but left free to roam around. After weaning, estrus detection procedures were carried out in the absence or presence of two different boar stimuli: a synthetic boar pheromone spray or fresh boar urine. These were applied sequentially in a sequence of testing that alternated for each sow on a daily basis. The weaning to re-mating interval was significantly longer for the unrestricted suckling treatment. All sows were re-mated within 30 days after first weaning in the restricted suckling treatment groups, whereas only 71% of sows were re-mated within 30 days after weaning in the unrestricted suckling treatment groups ($x^2=3.877$, 1df, p<0.05). Both boar pheromone spray and boar urine increased the estrus detection probability, with no significant differences between the two stimuli treatments.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.6-10
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• 2000

목 적 : 출생 후 며칠간의 신생아의 creatinine수치는 모체의 영향을 받으므로 소변의 creatinine을 상수로 용질 배설 측정을 하는 것은 의미가 없을 수도 있다는 보고가 있어, 저자들은 신생아에서 일정한 간격으로 측정된 소변 creatinine이 차이가 있는가에 대하여 연구를 시행하게 되었다. 방 법 : 1998년 7월부터 8월까지 출생한 건강한 신생아를 대상으로 하여 두 번의 소변을 측정하였으며, 대조군으로는 그 기간 동안 입원한 소아과 병동의 환아를 대상으로 하였다. 신생아군은 49명이고 대조군은 33명이었으며, 신생아군의 첫 소변은 출생 첫날 시행하였고 비교군의 첫 소변시 나이는 $5.7{\pm}4.3$세였다. 신생아군과 대조군에서 처음과 두 번째 소변간의 간격은 2-3일이었다. 통계분석은 sigmastat 2.0을 사용하여 단순 선형 회귀 분석, t-test, paired t-test를 이용하였다. 결 과 : Creatinine mg/dL(Mean${\pm}$SD)은 첫 소변, 두 번째 소변에서 각각 신생아군은 $32.5{\pm}29,\;29.2{\pm}23$이고 대조군은 $57.7{\pm}51,\;58.8{\pm}51$으로 두 군 모두 첫 소변과 두 번째 소변의 소변 creatinine치는 차이가 없으며, 두 군간의 평균치의 비교분석은 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.01). 첫 소변과 두 번째 소변간의 creatinine평균치의 상관성에서 신생아군은 r=0.504(P<0.001)이고 대조군은 r=0.631(P<0.001)이었으며, creatinine/osmolality로 보정 후에도 각각 상관계수 0.506(P<0.001), 0.386(P<0.001)으로 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 결 론 :신생아의 첫 소변과 두 번째 소변에서 creatinine의 비교분석에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으며 따라서 신생아에서도 용질배설 측정시 creatinine을 기준치로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.366-373
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• 2017

소변검사는 다른 검사에 비해 쉽고 간편하면서도 환자에게 부담이 없는 검사로 신장 및 요로계 질환의 진단, 치료 및 예후 결정에 중요한 정보를 제공한다. 요 침전물은 일반적으로 원심분리된 소변을 검사자가 현미경을 통한 검경에 의해 이루어진다. 대한임상검사정도관리협회에서 제안한 가이드라인과 실제로 의료기관에서 시행되고 있는 내용이 다르고 임상병리학을 전공하는 학생들이 사용하고 있는 서적에 제시된 내용도 서로 차이가 있었다. 따라서 요 침전물 표본제작에 따른 차이가 검사결과에 영향을 주는지 확인하기 위하여. 요시험지봉검사에서 잠혈반응과 백혈구 에스터라아제 검사 결과 양성으로 확인된 검체를 무작위로 선별하여 현미경적 검사를 시행하였다. 요 침전물 표본제작 차이는 요 농축 배수에 영향을 주어 cell grade나 시야 당 평균 세포 수 결과에 영향을 미쳤다. 침전물의 농도를 결정짓는 첫 번째 요소는 원심력이다. 그러나 많은 의료기관에서 원심분리기 반경을 고려하지 않는 채 1,500 rpm을 사용하고 있었으며 이는 400 G라는 정확한 원심력을 얻을 수 없었다. 결과적으로 요 농축에 있어 차이가 발생하여 결과에도 영향을 미쳤다. 두 번째 요소는 요 침사물의 양이다. 제거하고 남은 요의 상청액의 양은 요 침사물의 농축 계수에 영향을 주어 다른 결과를 초래하였다. 뿐만 아니라 피펫을 사용하여 제시된 정확한 용량을 취하지 않고 대략적으로 한 방울을 떨어뜨린 후 경검했을 때도 결과에 영향을 주었다. 따라서 일관성 있고 보다 정확한 검사결과를 위해 반드시 표본제작 과정이 표준화가 되어야 할 것이다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 1993

Health complaints among vinylhouse workers in Sungjoo county, Kyungpook province led to the investigation of heavy metal levels of air, soil and humans as well as physical conditions of the vinylhouse. The average temperature and humidity inside the vinylhouse were 8 higher and 10% point lower, respectively, as compared to the outside. While discomfort index(D. I.) outside was pleasant level(69.2), D. I. inside was 82 at which point 100% of people feels discomfort. Cadmium concentration of soils inside the vinylhouse(0.116 mg/kg) was 1.8 times higher than the soils outside. Arsenic concentration of soils inside the vinylhouse(4.882 mg/kg) was only slightly higher than the soils outside(4.182 ng/kg). However, both heavy metal concentrations detected in soils inside or outside the vinylhouse were within the normal range. Analysis of 10 air samples taken inside the vinylhouse showed that only one sample had a cadmium concentration above the detectable level and the rest of samples were below the detectable levels. While there were no difference of arsenic concentrations in urine between male and female, cadmium concentrations in urine samples of female (3.31 ug/l) was slightly higher than male(2.38 ug/l). Age-dependent increases of cadmium concentrations in urine samples were also observed. However, there was no concentration difference of these heavy metals in urine between vinylhouse workers and non-vinylhouse workers. Urine concentrations of cadmium and arsenic detected from vinylhouse workers or non-vinylhouse workers were within the normal range. The present study represents a first attempt to evaluate physical and environmental risk factors of the vinylhouse affecting the vinylhouse farmer's health. The study revealed that, while physical conditions of the vinylhouse such as temperature and humidity are the possible factors associated with the farmer's complaints, environmental contamination as judged from heavy metal levels in soil, air and humans is not a risk factor contributing to the vinylhouse farmer's health problem.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.378-386
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• 2017

본 연구는 대한민국 20세 이상 성인(n=4,948)에서 대사증후군과 비타민 D 및 뇨 중 미세알부민(microalbumin, MA)의 관련성을 연구하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 비타민 D의 수준(비타민 D 결핍, 비타민 D 불충분, 비타민 D 충분)에 따른 뇨 중 미세알부민에서, 비 대사증후군에서는 연령, 성별, 흡연습관, 음주 습관, 운동습관, 허리둘레, 체질량지수, 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도 콜레스테롤, 혈당 및 신사구체 여과율 등을 보정한 후에 비타민 D의 수준이 증가함에 따라 뇨 중 미세알부민은 유의하게 감소하였지만(p<0.001), 대사증후군에서는 관련변수를 보정한 후의 결과에서 비타민 D의 수준이 증가함에 따라 뇨 중 미세알부민은 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.892). 결론적으로, 비 대사증후군에서는 비타민 D의 수준이 증가함에 따라 뇨 중 미세알부민은 유의하게 감소하였지만, 대사증후군에서는 유의한 관련성이 없었다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.166-170
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• 2019

Objective: To establish a cost-effective and easily available phantom for training residents in ultrasound-guided fine needle thyroid nodule targeting punctures. Materials and Methods: Tofu, drinking straws filled with coupling gel, a urine tube, and 21-gauge needles were used to generate a phantom thyroid with nodules for training. Twelve radiology residents were involved in the study. The puncture success rates were recorded and compared before and after phantom training using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: On ultrasonography, tofu mimicked the texture of the thyroid. Drinking straws filled with coupling gel mimicked vessels. The urine tube filled with air mimicked the trachea, and 21-gauge needles mimicked small nodules in the transverse section. The entire phantom was similar to the structure of the thyroid and surrounding tissues. The puncture success rates of radiology residents were significantly increased from 34.4 ± 14.2% to 66.7 ± 19.5% after training (p = 0.003). The phantom was constructed in approximately 10 minutes and materials cost less than CNY 10 (approximately $ 1.5) at a local store. Conclusion: The tofu model was cost-effective, easily attainable, and effective for training residents in ultrasound-guided fine needle thyroid nodule targeting punctures in vitro.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.46-66
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• 2012

Metabolomic studies using human urine have shown that human metabolism is altered by a variety of environmental, cultural, and physiological factors. Comprehensive information about normal human metabolite profiles is necessary for accurate clinical diagnosis of disease and for disease prevention and treatment. In this study, metabolite correlation analyses, using $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistics, were performed on human urine to compare metabolic differences based on gender and/or obesity in healthy human subjects. First, we applied partial least squares discriminant analysis to the NMR spectral data set to verify the data's ability to discriminate by gender and obesity. Then, the differences in metabolite-metabolite correlation between male and female, and between normal and high body mass index (obese) subjects were investigated through pairwise correlations. Creatine and several metabolites, including isoleucine, trans-aconitate, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), exhibited different quantitative relationships depending on gender. Dimethylamine had a different correlation with glycine and TMAO, based on gender. The correlation of TMAO with amino acids was considerably lower in obese, compared to normal, subjects. We expect that the results will shed light on the metabolic pathways of healthy humans and will assist in the accurate diagnosis of human disease.