• 벤처창업연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2017

본 연구는 벤처기업의 부실요인을 파악한 것이다. 이를 위해 기술보증기금에서 기술보증을 받은 벤처기업 중 최근 3개년 간 보증사고가 발생한 210개 기업을 대상으로 한 사례분석을 통하여 부실사유를 분석하였다. 부실사유 분석방법은 다음과 같다. 우선 기업의 재무자료를 활용하여 성장성과 수익성을 기준으로 4개의 유형을 분류하였다. 이후 사고기업의 보증사고발생보고서를 토대로 부실요인을 분석하였다. 보증사고발생보고서란 보증사고가 발생하면 기보에서 직접 기업을 방문하여 그 부실이 이르게 된 원인이나 향후 재기 가능성을 파악한 보고서이다. 분석결과, 374건의 부실요인들이 도출되었으며 벤처기업들이 부실화되어 사업실패에 이르는 가장 큰 이유로 관련 산업 또는 전반적인 경기악화(79건), 주요 납품처의 계획변경, 도산 등으로 수주 감소 취소(54건), 매출채권회수부진(31건), 가격경쟁, 주요 납품처의 요구 등에 따른 제품가격 동결 하락(24건), 국내 또는 해외 원자재의 가격 상승(21건) 등의 순으로 나타났다. 또한 본 연구에서 새롭게 도출된 부실요인으로 앞에서 주기로 표시한 주요 납품처와 관련된 Risk가 있으며 그 외에 일본원전 사고 개성공단 가동중단 소송 등 돌발 악재 발생, 기술개발사업화의 지연, 비효율적 관리로 고비용 저효율 구조 등이 있다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.97-120
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• 2016

이 연구는 도서관문화의 정의를 규명하고, 공공도서관문화의 구성요소들을 객관적으로 도출하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 해당 분야의 전문가들의 생각과 경험을 수집한 뒤 그 내용을 수렴하여 최종 요소를 도출하는 델파이기법과 도출된 요소를 바탕으로 요소별 쌍대비교를 통해 요소간의 중요도 및 우선순위를 검증할 수 있는 계층적의사결정방법을 사용하였다. 델파이기법과 계층적의사결정방법에 의해 도출된 공공도서관문화 구성요소는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전문가 패널(문헌정보학과 교수와 도서관 사서)을 대상으로 1 2차 델파이 조사를 실시하여 도서관문화 구성요소를 도출하였다. 1차 조사에서는 29개 요소(물질문화 6, 비물질문화 23)를 추출하였으며, 2차 조사에서는 21개 구성요소(물질문화 3, 비물질문화 18)를 도출하였다. 둘째, 공공도서관 문화 구성요소를 쌍대비교를 통해 나타난 우선순위는 <정신문화>, <행동문화>, <물질문화>의 순으로 나타났다. 각 영역별 가중치가 가장 높은 요소로는 <물질문화>의 '자료 이용 및 이용법'. <정신문화>의 '사서의 가치관', <행동문화>의 '도서관 윤리 의식'으로 나타났다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.327-340
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 윤곽선 이미지 매칭에서 노이즈 제거 정도를 제어하기 위해 시계열 매칭의 이동평균 변환을 이용한다. 이동평균 변환을 윤곽선 이미지 매칭에 적용하게 된 동기는 이동평균 변환이 시계열의 노이즈를 감소시키므로, 이를 사용하면 윤곽선 이미지 매칭에서도 노이즈 제어 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것이라는 직관에 기반한다. 본 논문에서는 우선 윤곽선 이미지 매칭에 이동평균 변환을 적용한 $\kappa$-계수 이미지 매칭($\kappa$-order image matching)을 제안한다. 제안한 $\kappa$-계수 이미지 매칭은 윤곽선 이미지가 변환된 시계열에 $\kappa$-이동평균 변환을 적용하여 시계열(이미지) 간의 유사성을 판단한다. 다음으로, 대용량 이미지 데이터베이스를 대상으로 $\kappa$-계수 이미지 매칭을 수행하기 위한 인덱스 기반 매칭 방법을 제안하고, 그 정확성을 정형적으로 증명한다. 또한, 계수 $\kappa$와 매칭 결과와의 관계를 정형적으로 분석하고, 이에 기반하여 계수 $\kappa$를 변화시키면서 노이즈 제거 정도를 제어하는 방안을 제시한다. 실험 결과, $\kappa$-계수 이미지 매칭이 노이즈 제거 효과를 가짐을 확인하였으며, 제안한 인덱스 기반 매칭 방법은 순차 스캔에 비해 수 배 에서 수십 배 빠른 성능을 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.388-400
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• 2018

소형주택은 2009년 완화된 주택법 이후 꾸준히 공급되어져 오고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 소형주택 시공 관련 전문가 집단을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 문제점을 도출하여 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 첫째, 저가수주는 불리한 계약의 주요 원인이며 수주실적관리를 위해 저가수주를 하고 있었다. 저가입찰 및 저가수주는 건설 업체 유지를 위해 계약하게 되고 결국 건축물 안전 환경까지 위협하게 되는 것이다. 또한 적절한 기간의 입찰 및 공사 기간이 주어져야 할 것으로 판단된다. 둘째, 시공 프로세스를 준수하지 못한 사례가 많아, 중소건설업체의 업무 표준화가 필요한 상황이며, 관련 내용을 인지하지 못한 실무자가 많아 정기적인 교육이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 현재 가장 필요한 정책 방향에 대해 저가입찰 지양과 부실업체 시장퇴출이 가장 높게 나타났다. 안전 환경을 위해 저가입찰과 부실업체에 대한 개선이 필요하다고 판단된다. 대부분 소형주택을 짓는 중소건설업체는 업무 여건이 열악하다. 따라서 업무에 대한 표준화와 저가수주 지양으로 소형주택의 안전 환경을 제고해야 할 것이다.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제18D권1호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 윤곽선 이미지 매칭에서 회전-불변 거리 계산의 효율적 방법을 제안한다. 회전-불변 거리 계산은 이미지 시계열을 한 칸씩 회전하면서 매번 유클리디안 거리를 계산해야 하는 고비용의 연산이다. 본 논문에서는 엔빌로프 기반 하한을 사용하여 회전-불변 거리 계산을 크게 줄이는 획기적인 해결책을 제시한다. 이를 위해, 먼저 질의 시퀀스 대상의 단일 엔빌로프 작성과 이의 하한 개념을 제시하고, 이를 회전-불변 거리 계산에 사용하면 많은 수의 회전-불변 거리 계산을 줄일 수 있음을 보인다. 그런데, 단일 엔빌로프 기법은 하나의 엔빌로프가 가능한 모든 회전 시퀀스를 포함하기 때문에 하한이 커지고, 이에 따라 매칭 성능이 저하되는 문제점이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여, 본 논문에서는 회전 구간의 개념을 도입하여 단일 엔빌로프 기반 하한을 다중 엔빌로프 기반 하한 개념으로 확장한다. 또한, 다중 엔빌로프 기법에서 회전 구간을 결정하기 위한 방법으로 동일-너비 기법과 엔빌로프 최소화 기법을 제안한다. 실험 결과, 제안한 엔빌로프 기반 매칭 기법은 기존 기법에 비해 최대 수 배에서 수십 배까지 매칭 성능을 향상시킨 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-30
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• 1968

The Han River was investigated monthly from April through September, 1967 at Chun-chon reservoir, Shin-yean, So-yang, Chung-pyong reservoir, Yang-soo-ri and Gi-doo-won to clarify the phytoplankton and to study its seasonal variation. At the same time, vertical distribution of phytoplankton was also studied from June through September at Chun-chon and Chung-pyong reservoir. The results obtained are as follows: As the environmental conditions, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and transparency were determined. The plankton samples collected from six stations were identified and classified by Engler's classification system. It resulted in 4 phyla, 4 classes, 3 subclasses, 13 orders, 27 families, 5 tribes, 71 genera, 222 species, 1 subspecies, 51 varieties and 2 forms. The total number of phytoplankton identified was 276. Of them, 84 species, 1 subspecies 26 varieties, 2 forms were recorded in this paper for the first time. Considering with the habitat of the total number of phytoplanktons, the highest percentage of Limnoplankton existed in the Chung-pyong reservoir. It suggests that hte Chung-pyong reservoir is becoming to have the character of lake. The planktons appeared commonly during six months at six station belong to Chrysophyta including 22 species in 11 genera. Among these 22 species, Navicula, consists of 6 species, was the most abundant. The number of species identified uniquely at each station were 5 species in the Chun-chon reservoir, 6 in Chung-pyong and Yang-soo-ri, 8 at Shin-yean, 11 at So-yang, and 18 at Gi-doo-won. The number of species occurred at all stations were 29 in spring, 42 in Autumn and during investigation period. The maximum production of total phytoplankton was generally shown in the late spring and the early fall with differences in quantity at six collecting statins. In the Chun-chon reservoir, the high concentration of approximately 1, 190, 000 cells per litter in the months of August and September was due to the increase of Chrysophyte genus, Melosira and the highest concentration of approximately 2, 000, 000 in July at Gi-doo-won was caused Chlorophyte genus, Secenedesmus. The Chun-chon reservoir of three years old was different from the Chung-pyong reservoir of 25 years old with respect to increase in Melosira genus in August and September. After the completion of the Ui-am reservoir, though there was an increase in total density, the number of species of phytoplankton was not changed. It suggests that Ui-am reservoir is similar to the Chun-chon reservoir under the influence of the latter. The density of total phytoplankton was generally high at the depth of 2m to 5m for the two reservoirs.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.368-380
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• 1990

A central issue in the development of nursing practice is to describe the phenomenon with which nursing is concerned. To identify the health problems which can be diagnosed and managed by the nurse is the first step to organize and ensure the development of nursing science. Therefore the academic world has been discussing the application of the nursing diagnosis in nursing practice as a means of improving quality of care. The objectives of this study were to develop a standardized nursing care plan for ten selected nursing diagnoses to form a database for computerized nursing service. The research approach used in the study was (1) the selection of the ten nursing diagnoses which occur most frequently on medical-surgical wards, (2) the development of a standardized nursing care plan for the ten selected nursing diagnoses, (3) application of the plan to hospitalize patients and evaluation of the content validity by the nurses, and (4) evaluation of the clinical effects after the use of the standardized nursing care plans. The subjects were 56 nurses and 395 hospitalized patients on two medical and two surgical unit. The results of this study were as follows ; 1) The ten selected nursing diagnoses for the development of the standardized nursing care plans were “PAIN, SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ALTERED HEALTH MAINTENANCE, ALTERATION IN NUTRITION, ANXIETY, CONSTIPATION, ALTERED PATTERNS OF URINARY ELIMINATION, DISTURBANCE IN BODY IMAGE, POTENTIAL FOR ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE AND ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE”. 2. The developed standardized nursing care plans included the nursing diagnosis, definition, defining characteristics, etiologic or related factors that contribute to the condition, recording pattern, desired outcomes and nursing orders (nursing interventions). 3. The plan was used with hospitalized patients on medical - surgical wards to test for content validity. The patient's satisfaction with the nursing care and nurses' job satisfaction were investigated to evaluate the clinical effects after the use of the standardized nursing care plans. A comparison of patient satisfaction with nursing care before and after the introduction of the standardized nursing care plans showed a statistically significant higher level of satisfaction with the standardized care plans. There was no difference in the level of job satisfaction expressed by the nursing staff before and after the standardized nursing care plans were introduced. However, when opinions about the use of the standardized nursing care plans were examined it was found that there was a positive effect on clarity in defining the nursing problems, determining nursing cost, more feasible goal setting, effective and systematic nursing records and indications for nursing research. The results of this study suggest that in order to increase the use of nursing diagnoses in the clinical area, it would be effective to select some wards as a pilot project, give the nurses training in the use of nursing diagnosis and develop and use the standardized nursing care plans. In addition to the ten diagnosis used in this study it is recommended that continual development of nursing diagnoses be done using diagnoses that are appropriate to Korea and testing them for validity through standardized care plans.

• Strategy21
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• 통권41호
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• pp.174-207
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• 2017

Human history shows diverse strategies for survival and prosperity. This study introduces the concept of the expansion of wealth as a key to explain choice and behavior of political entities. American scholar, -Bruce Bueno de Mesquita-, offers theoretical grounds for this concept in that the cores of selectorate theory is settled. The political entity consists of two groups, -the winning coalition that has power to replace leader and non-winning coalition that has not. Leaders implement policies serving for the welfare of winning coalition in return for their loyalty. Both internal problems caused by demographic changes and external ones of climate changes, epidemic disease, or invasion compel leader and winning coalition to adopt policies of expansion that they believe may lead to the acquisition of wealth needed to counter those problems. The process starts by occupying one spot where other entities reside and then connecting it to its own. The line between spots functions as a foothold to form a new line to other spots. By repeating this process, a space is created in which new laws and orders are instated. In the early stage of expansion, war is hardly avoidable. Once finished successfully, the political circumstance tilts to encourage economic activities in order to generate national revenues to strengthen political power of winning coalition. However, as scale of economic activities grows, so does political power of civic classes in production and trade. To gain financial support required to run the political entity, delegation of power or bestowing autonomy to non-winning coalition is inevitable. Thus, expansion is not the ultimate solution, only to prolong the political survival if succeed. Maritime power came to attractive option when overland expansion had become obstructed. It offered much greater advantages in terms of political risks and financial burdens in exploring new regions of precious commodities than overland expansion. Each political entity around world have been, for the first time in human history, connected by maritime means since 15th century. It is worthy of noting that land conditions propelled people out to sea. Political and economic situations created opportunities to exploit geographical position in pursuit of wealth. In the 21st century, we witness the operation of international winning coalition that presides over the rules of expansion. Competing for market is synonymous to the expansion in this era, the cause and aim of it has not been changed though. Energy and dollars are key factors of expansion since the end of the 2nd world war. No matter what the forms and conditions change, naval power is still the most relevant means for expansion as it retains unique characters of maneuver, flexibility, continuity, display and projection of power. The strategy for using naval power should be in line with two different approaches for expansion: Approaches to the international winning coalition by making contribution to world order, and approaches to the non-international winning coalition by enhancing military diplomatic activities. The former will serve our share of winning coalition while the latter will open chances to acquire further prosperity.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2020

최근 항만하역근로자의 인명사고가 지속적으로 발생함에 따라 사고관리에 대한 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 이 연구는 GRA법과 Entropy법을 이용하여 우리나라 항만에 대해 하역근로자의 재해 위험성을 평가하고 위험성이 높은 항만을 결정하기 위한 것이다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 먼저 우리나라 항만을 11개의 대상항만으로 구분하고, 브레인스토밍법으로 항만하역근로자 재해 위험성 평가를 위한 평가항목을 추출한다. 두번째는 GRA법을 이용하여 대상항만의 회색관계계수를 산정한다. 마지막으로 엔트로피법을 이용하여 산출한 평가항목의 중요도와 GRA법의 회색관계계수를 결합하여 회색관계등급을 산정하여 재해 위험성의 우선순위를 결정한다. 따라서 제안된 모델에서는 항만하역근로자수, 50세 이상 항운노조원수, 총근로시간, 하역장비수, 철재화물량, 총화물량, 사상자수, 사망자수 등 8개의 평가 항목을 추출되었다. 그 결과 부산항의 재해 위험성이 가장 높게 나타났으며 이에 따라 우선적으로 재해위험성을 경감하는 방안이 검토되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.63-83
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• 2002

This study is to survey the materials purchasing and inventory management status and the characteristics and opinions of the staff in charge of purchasing and inventory of the general hospitals in Busan area in order to contribute to the rationalization of its management through the grasp of actual situation and the presentation of desirable improvement plan for the materials purchasing and inventory management. The status of medical institute had been surveyed by the purchasing/ administration managers of total 26 general hospitals, and the purchasing/ management questionnaires had been commenced with 86 staff of the 26 hospitals. Its major survey results, after the analysis of 24 medical institute statuses (return rate of 92.30%) and 60 staff questionnaires (return rate of 69.76%), are as follows. First, post-purchasing evaluation system is not used actively, orders are being placed by phone or fax, and general merchandise is being purchased through free contracts in most of the hospitals participated in the survey. Second, as per the materials supplying methods, the requisition and delivery system is currently the most popular in the hospitals surveyed, however, both the requisition and delivery system and the par level transfer system are the most desired in the hospitals of more than 500 beds, and the par level transfer system is the most desired in the hospitals under 500 beds for the materials supplying system in the future. Third, as per the inventory management system that is desired the most in the future, the SPD and JIT types are preferred in the hospitals of more than 500 beds, the stockless strategy is preferred in the hospitals under 500 beds, the senior staff above section chief grade prefer the stockless strategy, and the junior staff prefer the ABC classification and SPD types. Fourth, The necessity of purchasing staff's training for the materials management is highly recognized but the effectiveness is not so much acknowledged, which is because such a training is thought to be so superficial and formal that it is not helpful much in the actual field. When summarizing the survey results as above, the materials purchasing and management system is differed for each group of hospitals according to the size of beds, and the more scientific management system is largely required by the general hospitals in Busan city. They also hope the introduction of joint purchasing system, materials management by the bar-code system, and positive execution of the market survey and training of the relevant staff for the management of purchasing affairs. So the more systematic purchasing and inventory management is regarded to be necessary through the introduction of scientific and specialized education of materials management, market survey, and post-purchasing evaluation system also through the computerization of materials purchasing and inventory management as soon as possible.