• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.91-110
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• 2012

In the modern management literature, knowledge has been recognized as a new strategic resource enabling a firm to create its competitiveness. Shipping companies under fierce competitive structure need to pay attentions to the utility of knowledge management. A shipping firm may develop its unique service capability by classifying, sharing, and transferring the data, information and knowledge obtained from both inside and outside its global service network. The current study attempts to analyze influential relationships between liner shipping firms' knowledge management and service capabilities. In order to achieve this goal, this study designed a knowledge chain model measuring shipping companies' knowledge management levels and tested its validity and reliability based on a total of 80 replied questionnaires from national and foreign liners. The empirical result presents that supportive and primary activities composing a knowledge chain could exert significant positive influences on the enforcement of shipping service capabilities. This research shows that the utility of knowledge management is adoptable in the maritime industry, and recommends that shipping firms should recognize strategic importance of knowledge and actively pursue knowledge management at an entire firm level.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.89-109
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• 2022

Many companies are trying to enter into overseas markets to overcome the limited size of domestic markets. However, there are many barriers to enter the overseas markets such as difficulty to find buyers and make contract with them, payment risks, unfriendly foreign policies, and etc. Companies have used to various strategies to get opportunities of overseas markets. One of them is UN public procurement. Despite many advantages, limited number of companies are participating in the procurement. Individual governments are providing policies to support local companies to participate in the UN public procurement. However it is not easy to encourage firms, especially SMEs to participate in the procurement. This study is designed to analyze firm and product determinants of participating in UN public procurement. Based on literature reviews and empirical findings, this study shows social responsibility and global orientation can play an important role regarding the participation. In addition, the positive relationship between UN public procurement participation and sustainability in a given firm could be empirically supported. Last, we suggest combining country- and industry-level data to investigate UN public procurement participation as an interesting topic for future research. This study represents various determinants to encourage UN public procurement participation. They may contribute to enhance firm performance such as sustainability.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.49-63
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• 2023

Existing knowledge regarding the antecedents of the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of firms is somewhat limited given the emphasis on its performance implications. To address this research gap, this study aims to explore the drivers of entrepreneurial orientation using the resource-based view (RBV) and contingency perspective. To test our hypotheses, this study uses 225 survey data collected from Korean exporters. Results show that the level of entrepreneurial orientation varies depending on organizational characteristics such as firm size and internationalization of the firm. Our findings also support the tenet of the contingency perspective by showing the influences of environmental characteristics such as technological turbulence and market uncertainty on the entrepreneurial orientation of firms. Our empirical research provides academic and practical implications for the field of entrepreneurship.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.59-68
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• 2002

Using 1996 annual observations for 69 bus firms in Seoul, this paper measures firm-level efficiency with data envelopment analysis(DEA) and identifies firm characteristics indicative of differential efficiency in these firms with Tobit regression analysis. The paper then conceptualizes that these firms produce two kinds of output(city/seat bus kilometers or city/seat bus Passengers) using four inputs (labor vehicle, fuel and maintenance). The findings show that, on an average, these firms have only a little input saving potential of 0.9 percent, while not a little output increasing potential of 12.9 percent. On the other hand, it is discovered that these firms operate more efficiently with a lower ratio of maintenance employees to total employees. Furthermore, it appears that both the ratio of seat buses to total buses and average speeds positively affect efficiency in this industry.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.213-227
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• 2016

This study examines the effects of managerial ability on information asymmetry. We use analyst forecast errors as a proxy for information asymmetry, because analysts are referred to as efficient users using firm-level data. The sample consists of 2,246 non-banking firm-years listed in Korea Stock Exchange(KOSPI) during the period 2000 to 2013. We measure managerial ability using DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) following Demerjian et al.(2012). Using those measures, we examines the effects of managerial ability on analysts' earnings forecast errors and analysts' earnings forecast bias. The results of this study are as follows. First, we find that managerial ability are positively associated with analysts' earnings forecast accuracy. Second, we show that the firms with higher managerial ability tend to have lower the optimistic errors in analysts' earnings forecasts. This study could be useful for outside stakeholders to understand the importance of managerial ability.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.565-577
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• 2020

This study empirically examined how a firm size affects the determinants of innovative activities using the data of the Korean Innovation Survey (KIS) 2016. With data from 2,003 firms in the manufacturing sector, we performed logistic regression analysis and zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis. R&D expenditure and patent applications were used as proxies for innovative activity. The independent variables included the firm's characteristics variables such as the firm's age, tech-level industry, RDemp (R&D employee ratio), venture, export, and industrial characteristics variables such as networking, appropriability, and spillovers. The empirical findings are that there are some differences in firms' innovative activity determinants among the firms' size groups. Next, strategic appropriability has negative impacts on small firms' R&D expenditure and medium-firms' patents. Networking is an important determinant of innovative activity for all firms, except for large firms. Furthermore, in deciding R&D activities, small and medium-sized firms were significantly influenced by industrial characteristics as compared to that of large firms. Our findings suggest some R&D promotion policies. Policies fostering firms' technological interaction would allow firms to take advantage of technological spillovers and thus raise the probability of investing in R&D.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-48
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• 2009

Recently we have found some symptoms that R&D fiscal incentives might not work well what it has intended through the analysis of current statistics of firm's R&D data. Firstly, we found that the growth rate of R&D investment in private sector during the recent decade has been slowdown. The average of growth rate (real value) of R&D investment is 7.1% from 1998 to 2005, while it was 13.9% from 1980 to 1997. Secondly, the relative share of R&D investment of SME has been decreased to 21%('05) from 29%('01), even though the tax credit for SME has been more beneficial than large size firm, Thirdly, The R&D expenditure of large size firms (besides 3 leading firms) has not been increased since late of 1990s. We need to find some evidence whether fiscal incentives are effective in increasing firm's R&D investment. To analyse econometric model we use firm level unbalanced panel data for 4 years (from 2002 to 2005) derived from MOST database compiled from the annual survey, "Report on the Survey of Research and Development in Science and Technology". Also we use fixed effect model (Hausman test results accept fixed effect model with 1% of significant level) and estimate the model for all firms, large firms and SME respectively. We have following results from the analysis of econometric model. For large firm: i ) R&D investment responds elastically (1.20) to sales volume. ii) government R&D subsidy induces R&D investment (0.03) not so effectively. iii) Tax price elasticity is almost unity (-0.99). iv) For large firm tax incentive is more effective than R&D subsidy For SME: i ) Sales volume increase R&D investment of SME (0.043) not so effectively. ii ) government R&D subsidy is crowding out R&D investment of SME not seriously (-0.0079) iii) Tax price elasticity is very inelastic (-0.054) To compare with other studies, Koga(2003) has a similar result of tax price elasticity for Japanese firm (-1.0036), Hall((l992) has a unit tax price elasticity, Bloom et al. (2002) has $-0.354{\sim}-0.124$ in the short run. From the results of our analysis we recommend that government R&D subsidy has to focus on such an areas like basic research and public sector (defense, energy, health etc.) not overlapped private R&D sector. For SME government has to focus on establishing R&D infrastructure. To promote tax incentive policy, we need to strengthen the tax incentive scheme for large size firm's R&D investment. We recommend tax credit for large size film be extended to total volume of R&D investment.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.135-153
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• 2014

Tendencies such as the increasing spread of market globalization, new technological developments, the reduction of product life cycles and aggressive competition, are generating high levels of environmental changes and uncertainty for organizations of all types. these circumstances require rapid responses through adaptation of organizational attitudes and capabilities, which lead to innovative management approaches and organizational methods. Human resource management researchers have struggled to elaborate the underlying mechanism explaining how human resource systems relate to organizational performance after universalistic perspectives were supported by a majority of studies investigating the positive relationship between human resource management system and firm performance. To fill the void, hypotheses in this study predicted human resource flexibility that would mediate the relationship between human resource management system and firm performance. The research model among the variables in this study was as follows: These theoretical models were tested with a sample of 138 firms in Korea. The analysis of data was undertaken by using AMOS. The Summary of the verification results is follows: Firstly, most of human resource management system and human resource flexibility had positive effects on human resource performance Secondly, most of human resource management system and human resource flexibility had positive effects on firm's financial performance Thirdly, human resource flexibility had mediated the relationship between human resource management system and firm performance The results of the present research may be demonstrated that organizations or managers could achieve a high level of management practices that lead to firm performance by enabling human resource to be flexible through high performance human resource management system.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.373-396
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• 2015

This study analyzed the determinants of high-growth firms using the technology appraisal data of the Korea Technology Finance Corporation. This study is differentiated from previous studies for three reasons. First, it analyzed the determinants of firms that will grow into high-growth firms in the future, not the characteristics of current high-growth firms. Second, it analyzed high-growth firms by dividing them in two aspects: sales and employment. In other words, they were divided into three types: the case in which a firm achieves high growth in both sales increase and creation of jobs, the case in which a firm achieves high growth in creation of jobs but low growth in sales increase, and the case in which a firm achieves high growth in only sales increase but low growth in creation of jobs. Third, this study applied the technology appraisal indicators of Kibo Technology Rating System(KTRS) by the Korea Technology Finance Corporation as the explanatory variable. As a result of analysis, it was found that a firm achieved high growth in both sales and employment if the position in the technology life cycle was appropriate and the technology readiness level was high. However, it turned out that the management system of technical manpower had conflicting effects on high growth of employment and sales. In other words, a firm that had well managed its technical manpower achieved high growth in terms of employment, but rather showed low growth in terms of sales. This result suggests the inference that firms showing high growth in employment may appear mainly in the high-tech industry where management of technical manpower is important. Accordingly, as a result of adding dummy variables that represent whether or not firms are in the high-tech industry, it was found that the result supported the inference, as firms in the high-tech industry were highly likely to achieve high growth in employment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.95-105
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• 2018

This study empirically test the roles of network closure and structural hole on radical innovation in technological knowledge exchange network in Gumi cluster. In doing so, we build 2,550 firm network, transforming association*firm(2-mode) to firm*firm(1-mode) network data. In addition, in order to investigate firms' attributes, we conduct survey for 101 firms in Gumi cluster using random sampling, and finally collect 86 firm samples. For analysis, we use ridge regression since network density and efficiency, indices of network closure and structural hole respectively, has a high level of multicollinearity. The findings show that structural hole has a significant and positive impact on radical innovation, but network closure has a significant and negative impact on radical innovation. This study contributes to present an empirical evidence of debate on network closure and structural hole based on past conceptual discussions and literature review and further goes a long way towards strategy formulation to establish social capital in accomplishing radical innovation. Further research is required that pays closer attention to features of technological knowledge, innovation types and interaction between network closure and structural hole, directing efforts to structural characteristics of various networks.