• Korean Business Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.33-53
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• 2007

Environmental problems are becoming hot issues in many countries and the role of the enterprise, which causes environmental contamination, has become one of the most important concerns in business. We consider the factors such as reduce, recycle, reuse, which is effected environment conscious logistics system, and then we are to suggest optimal directions through statistical analysis of effects and causes of the influences of environmental logistics activities on logistics performance. In order to attain this objective we simultaneously execute a literature and actual research considering many manufacturing companies. In this paper we analyze various factors of logistics activities for environment conscious logistics system (ECLS) for economy base construction under resources circulation, and we especially analyze effects and causes of the influences of logistics performance by the operation characteristic of enterprises.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7564-7574
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• 2015

This study confirmed by a meta-analysis of the effect of suppressing the size of the turnover variable based on the thesis concerning "turnover intention" of the past 15 years, and the trend over the year, according to published meta-regression analysis was verified. The overall effect size for the study was found to inhibit factors medium effect size. Effect size is a private property factor by lower variable salary levels, age and marital status, working period, turnover experience, educational level, showed a work order forms, job characteristics factor is job satisfaction, working conditions, job importance, firm relationships with colleagues, showed a net job autonomy. In addition, organizational characteristic factor effect sizes organizational commitment, organizational commitment, advancement opportunities, compensation satisfaction, organizational justice, participatory doctor had determined the net. Changes in accordance with the published year is closer to 2015 it showed that the effect of inhibiting factors reduced size.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.23
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• pp.75-97
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• 2007

In the meantime hospital system of Korea has institutionally performed its errand in stable circumstance, however the system now faces with new environment of change of customer's satisfaction, of regime, deepening of competition, and opening market. Under the rapidly and complicatedly changing circumstance, the hospital system is required to promote getting a dominant position in the competition, enhancing outcome, creating value added, and customer satisfaction in both internally and externally likewise other organizations, as they continuously introduce a knowledge management and originate, accumulate, and put the knowledge to practical use. This organization capacity of knowledge management involves a process of management that requires great change of all organizations and individuals and it is brought up through four steps which are Initiation, Propagation, Integration, and Networking. The main factors of successful knowledge management are intension of the chief executive officer(CEO), organizational culture, appraisal and compensation of work, knowledge controlling system, and organizational structure, and each of these five stage has got different characteristic. To be successful by introducing knowledge management, hospital organization should be based on these premises. Not only CEO or the director of a hospital, but also the constituent members should be fully aware of knowledge, the characteristic of knowledge management, and successful factors of this operation. Should understand step-by-step characteristic of knowledge management, therefore able to analyse a situation of specific hospital and see which step corresponds to that hospital. By analysing, constituents should make up for the weak points and ready to move on to next step. CEO or the director of a hospital should be aware of knowledge management as a strategic factor which is able to get a dominant position in the rapidly changing environment, and also it should be firm in the director's intention to introduce the knowledge management into the hospital. By continuously carrying out education and training constituent members, the director of a hospital should promote their interest and participation in knowledge management, and build an organization culture that ultimately creates, accumulates, shares, and put the knowledge to practical use. The hospital organization needs to systematize an institution of objective compensation that corresponds to objective appraisal of knowledge management outcome. The hospital ought to build knowledge controlling system in stages, in order to take the initiative in rapidly changing environment. By considering the characteristic of hospital system, it is required to change the organizational structure into self-managing team which is a sort of horizontal structure that allows members to make decisions and take the responsibility by themselves. The limitation of this study is experimental study. Positive investigation about successful factors of hospital knowledge management and characteristic of each steps is expected with following study.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.243-253
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• 2016

Company strengthen various information security policy and activity in order to protect important information assets that the company has been dealing with and prevents information security accidents such as personal information spill. However, some study said these policy and activity increase employee's information security stress and still information security accidents by employees have happened so far. Therefore, this study will review preceding theories and studies used in many various fields including Information Security areas needed to explain human's behavioral intention and determinants and summarize characteristic factors that have influence on control of human's behavioral intention in the results of the above theories and studies. Secondly, this study will implement exploratory analysis on characteristic factors perceived by employees that has been stemmed from various company's information security policy and activity in order to increase employee/'s information security compliance intention under the its surrounding security circumstance. Thirdly, this study will fulfil multiple-regression analysis in order to identify cause-effect relationship between employee's perceived information security stress and employee's perceived characteristic factor. Finally, this study will explain casual relationship with same analysis methods between information security stress and information security compliance intention based on results of the survey conducted on the financial firm's employees with same analysis methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.725-741
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• 2019

Virtual Reality (VR) represents a key technology for future shopping platforms. This study examined the effect of vividness and interactivity, the two technological characteristics of VR, and fashion involvement, a consumer characteristic, on a consumer's intent to use VR stores under the framework of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The study explained consumers' belief in a new technology and the process underlying the use behavior. The survey was conducted on 200 people between the ages of 20s and 30s via an online survey firm. Data are analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results showed that a greater level of perceived vividness had a positive effect on ease of use and playfulness, while perceived interactivity had a significant impact on usefulness and playfulness. The findings also indicated that consumers with a high degree of fashion involvement tend to perceive a higher level of playfulness through VR shopping. Regarding the effects of consumer beliefs, perceived ease of use had a positive influence on usefulness perception. A higher level of perceived usefulness and playfulness meant a higher consumer intention to adopt a VR shopping platform.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.64-75
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• 2012

Today organizations are making considerable efforts in order to maintain excellent talent, and in particular, they are focusing on understanding their intentions of changing jobs which are most highly correlated with job turnover. In the case of architectural design firms, its intensity of work is very high unlike industrial settings, and it not only takes much time to cultivate new men of talent and but also is characteristic that employees can change livery easily because of the flexible labor market. The turnover rated by National Statistical Office indicates that specialized, scientific and technical service industry including the architectural design firm has a relatively high turnover rate compared to the average of the turnover rate of the overall industries. However, studies on intentions of changing jobs until now were conducted focused on employees engaged in other industrial areas, and it is true that studies regarding intentions of changing jobs of practitioners of architectural design firms are very insufficient. In this context, the present study aimed to draw determinants affecting intentions of changing jobs of practitioners of architectural design firms, to objectively understand the practitioners' intentions of changing jobs through importance analysis by each factor based on this and to make a comparative analysis of differences between the large scale architectural design firms and the small and medium sized architectural design firms.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.31-54
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• 2007

The exchange between buyers and sellers in the industrial market is changing from short-term to long-term relationships. Long-term relationships are governed mainly by formal contracts or informal agreements, but many scholars are now asserting that controlling relationship by using formal contracts under environmental dynamism is inappropriate. In this case, partners will depend on each other's flexibility or interdependence. The former, flexibility, provides a general frame of reference, order, and standards against which to guide and assess appropriate behavior in dynamic and ambiguous situations, thus motivating the value-oriented performance goals shared between partners. It is based on social sacrifices, which can potentially minimize any opportunistic behaviors. The later, interdependence, means that each firm possesses a high level of dependence in an dynamic channel relationship. When interdependence is high in magnitude and symmetric, each firm enjoys a high level of power and the bonds between the firms should be reasonably strong. Strong shared power is likely to promote commitment because of the common interests, attention, and support found in such channel relationships. This study deals with environmental dynamism in high-tech industry. Firms in the high-tech industry regard it as a key success factor to successfully cope with environmental changes. However, due to the lack of studies dealing with environmental dynamism and supply chain commitment in the high-tech industry, it is very difficult to find effective strategies to cope with them. This paper presents the results of an empirical study on the relationship between environmental dynamism and supply chain commitment in the high-tech industry. We examined the effects of consumer, competitor, and technological dynamism on supply chain commitment. Additionally, we examined the moderating effects of flexibility and dependence of supply chains. This study was confined to the type of high-tech industry which has the characteristics of rapid technology change and short product lifecycle. Flexibility among the firms of this industry, having the characteristic of hard and fast growth, is more important here than among any other industry. Thus, a variety of environmental dynamism can affect a supply chain relationship. The industries targeted industries were electronic parts, metal product, computer, electric machine, automobile, and medical precision manufacturing industries. Data was collected as follows. During the survey, the researchers managed to obtain the list of parts suppliers of 2 companies, N and L, with an international competitiveness in the mobile phone manufacturing industry; and of the suppliers in a business relationship with S company, a semiconductor manufacturing company. They were asked to respond to the survey via telephone and e-mail. During the two month period of February-April 2006, we were able to collect data from 44 companies. The respondents were restricted to direct dealing authorities and subcontractor company (the supplier) staff with at least three months of dealing experience with a manufacture (an industrial material buyer). The measurement validation procedures included scale reliability; discriminant and convergent validity were used to validate measures. Also, the reliability measurements traditionally employed, such as the Cronbach's alpha, were used. All the reliabilities were greater than.70. A series of exploratory factor analyses was conducted. We conducted confirmatory factor analyses to assess the validity of our measurements. A series of chi-square difference tests were conducted so that the discriminant validity could be ensured. For each pair, we estimated two models-an unconstrained model and a constrained model-and compared the two model fits. All these tests supported discriminant validity. Also, all items loaded significantly on their respective constructs, providing support for convergent validity. We then examined composite reliability and average variance extracted (AVE). The composite reliability of each construct was greater than.70. The AVE of each construct was greater than.50. According to the multiple regression analysis, customer dynamism had a negative effect and competitor dynamism had a positive effect on a supplier's commitment. In addition, flexibility and dependence had significant moderating effects on customer and competitor dynamism. On the other hand, all hypotheses about technological dynamism had no significant effects on commitment. In other words, technological dynamism had no direct effect on supplier's commitment and was not moderated by the flexibility and dependence of the supply chain. This study makes its contribution in the point of view that this is a rare study on environmental dynamism and supply chain commitment in the field of high-tech industry. Especially, this study verified the effects of three sectors of environmental dynamism on supplier's commitment. Also, it empirically tested how the effects were moderated by flexibility and dependence. The results showed that flexibility and interdependence had a role to strengthen supplier's commitment under environmental dynamism in high-tech industry. Thus relationship managers in high-tech industry should make supply chain relationship flexible and interdependent. The limitations of the study are as follows; First, about the research setting, the study was conducted with high-tech industry, in which the direction of the change in the power balance of supply chain dyads is usually determined by manufacturers. So we have a difficulty with generalization. We need to control the power structure between partners in a future study. Secondly, about flexibility, we treated it throughout the paper as positive, but it can also be negative, i.e. violating an agreement or moving, but in the wrong direction, etc. Therefore we need to investigate the multi-dimensionality of flexibility in future research.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.127-140
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• 2010

The benefit that a consumer derives from the use of a good often depends on the number of other consumers purchasing the same goods or other compatible items. This property, which is known as network externality, is significant in many IT related industries. Over the past few decades, network externalities have been recognized in the context of physical networks such as the telephone and railroad industries. Today, as many products are provided as a form of system that consists of compatible components, the appreciation of network externality is becoming increasingly important. Network externalities have been extensively studied among economists who have been seeking to explain new phenomena resulting from rapid advancements in ICT (Information and Communication Technology). As a result of these efforts, a new body of theories for 'New Economy' has been proposed. The theoretical bottom-line argument of such theories is that technologies subject to network effects exhibit multiple equilibriums and will finally lock into a monopoly with one standard cornering the entire market. They emphasize that such "tippiness" is a typical characteristic in such networked markets, describing that multiple incompatible technologies rarely coexist and that the switch to a single, leading standard occurs suddenly. Moreover, it is argued that this standardization process is path dependent, and the ultimate outcome is unpredictable. With incomplete information about other actors' preferences, there can be excess inertia, as consumers only moderately favor the change, and hence are themselves insufficiently motivated to start the bandwagon rolling, but would get on it once it did start to roll. This startup problem can prevent the adoption of any standard at all, even if it is preferred by everyone. Conversely, excess momentum is another possible outcome, for example, if a sponsoring firm uses low prices during early periods of diffusion. The aim of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of the adoption process in markets exhibiting network effects by focusing on two factors; switching and agent heterogeneity. Switching is an important factor that should be considered in analyzing the adoption process. An agent's switching invokes switching by other adopters, which brings about a positive feedback process that can significantly complicate the adoption process. Agent heterogeneity also plays a important role in shaping the early development of the adoption process, which has a significant impact on the later development of the process. The effects of these two factors are analyzed by developing an agent-based simulation model. ABM is a computer-based simulation methodology that can offer many advantages over traditional analytical approaches. The model is designed such that agents have diverse preferences regarding technology and are allowed to switch their previous choice. The simulation results showed that the adoption processes in a market exhibiting networks effects are significantly affected by the distribution of agents and the occurrence of switching. In particular, it is found that both weak heterogeneity and strong network effects cause agents to start to switch early and this plays a role of expediting the emergence of 'lock-in.' When network effects are strong, agents are easily affected by changes in early market shares. This causes agents to switch earlier and in turn speeds up the market's tipping. The same effect is found in the case of highly homogeneous agents. When agents are highly homogeneous, the market starts to tip toward one technology rapidly, and its choice is not always consistent with the populations' initial inclination. Increased volatility and faster lock-in increase the possibility that the market will reach an unexpected outcome. The primary contribution of this study is the elucidation of the role of parameters characterizing the market in the development of the lock-in process, and identification of conditions where such unexpected outcomes happen.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.139-166
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• 2010

The supply chain management (SCM) systems have emerged as strong managerial tools for manufacturing firms in enhancing competitive strength. Despite of large investments in the SCM systems, many companies are not fully realizing the promised benefits from the systems. A review of literature on adoption, implementation and success factor of IOS (inter-organization systems), EDI (electronic data interchange) systems, shows that this issue has been examined from multiple theoretic perspectives. And many researchers have attempted to identify the factors which influence the success of system implementation. However, the existing studies have two drawbacks in revealing the determinants of systems implementation success. First, previous researches raise questions as to the appropriateness of research subjects selected. Most SCM systems are operating in the form of private industrial networks, where the participants of the systems consist of two distinct groups: focus companies and vendors. The focus companies are the primary actors in developing and operating the systems, while vendors are passive participants which are connected to the system in order to supply raw materials and parts to the focus companies. Under the circumstance, there are three ways in selecting the research subjects; focus companies only, vendors only, or two parties grouped together. It is hard to find researches that use the focus companies exclusively as the subjects probably due to the insufficient sample size for statistic analysis. Most researches have been conducted using the data collected from both groups. We argue that the SCM success factors cannot be correctly indentified in this case. The focus companies and the vendors are in different positions in many areas regarding the system implementation: firm size, managerial resources, bargaining power, organizational maturity, and etc. There are no obvious reasons to believe that the success factors of the two groups are identical. Grouping the two groups also raises questions on measuring the system success. The benefits from utilizing the systems may not be commonly distributed to the two groups. One group's benefits might be realized at the expenses of the other group considering the situation where vendors participating in SCM systems are under continuous pressures from the focus companies with respect to prices, quality, and delivery time. Therefore, by combining the system outcomes of both groups we cannot measure the system benefits obtained by each group correctly. Second, the measures of system success adopted in the previous researches have shortcoming in measuring the SCM success. User satisfaction, system utilization, and user attitudes toward the systems are most commonly used success measures in the existing studies. These measures have been developed as proxy variables in the studies of decision support systems (DSS) where the contribution of the systems to the organization performance is very difficult to measure. Unlike the DSS, the SCM systems have more specific goals, such as cost saving, inventory reduction, quality improvement, rapid time, and higher customer service. We maintain that more specific measures can be developed instead of proxy variables in order to measure the system benefits correctly. The purpose of this study is to find the determinants of SCM systems success in the perspective of vendor companies. In developing the research model, we have focused on selecting the success factors appropriate for the vendors through reviewing past researches and on developing more accurate success measures. The variables can be classified into following: technological, organizational, and environmental factors on the basis of TOE (Technology-Organization-Environment) framework. The model consists of three independent variables (competition intensity, top management support, and information system maturity), one mediating variable (collaboration), one moderating variable (government support), and a dependent variable (system success). The systems success measures have been developed to reflect the operational benefits of the SCM systems; improvement in planning and analysis capabilities, faster throughput, cost reduction, task integration, and improved product and customer service. The model has been validated using the survey data collected from 122 vendors participating in the SCM systems in Korea. To test for mediation, one should estimate the hierarchical regression analysis on the collaboration. And moderating effect analysis should estimate the moderated multiple regression, examines the effect of the government support. The result shows that information system maturity and top management support are the most important determinants of SCM system success. Supply chain technologies that standardize data formats and enhance information sharing may be adopted by supply chain leader organization because of the influence of focal company in the private industrial networks in order to streamline transactions and improve inter-organization communication. Specially, the need to develop and sustain an information system maturity will provide the focus and purpose to successfully overcome information system obstacles and resistance to innovation diffusion within the supply chain network organization. The support of top management will help focus efforts toward the realization of inter-organizational benefits and lend credibility to functional managers responsible for its implementation. The active involvement, vision, and direction of high level executives provide the impetus needed to sustain the implementation of SCM. The quality of collaboration relationships also is positively related to outcome variable. Collaboration variable is found to have a mediation effect between on influencing factors and implementation success. Higher levels of inter-organizational collaboration behaviors such as shared planning and flexibility in coordinating activities were found to be strongly linked to the vendors trust in the supply chain network. Government support moderates the effect of the IS maturity, competitive intensity, top management support on collaboration and implementation success of SCM. In general, the vendor companies face substantially greater risks in SCM implementation than the larger companies do because of severe constraints on financial and human resources and limited education on SCM systems. Besides resources, Vendors generally lack computer experience and do not have sufficient internal SCM expertise. For these reasons, government supports may establish requirements for firms doing business with the government or provide incentives to adopt, implementation SCM or practices. Government support provides significant improvements in implementation success of SCM when IS maturity, competitive intensity, top management support and collaboration are low. The environmental characteristic of competition intensity has no direct effect on vendor perspective of SCM system success. But, vendors facing above average competition intensity will have a greater need for changing technology. This suggests that companies trying to implement SCM systems should set up compatible supply chain networks and a high-quality collaboration relationship for implementation and performance.