• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.87-90
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• 2002

$LiCoO_{2}$ powders were synthesized at various temperatures using lithium hydroxide and cobalt hydroxide as precursors prepared by precipitation process and freeze-drying. In this study, the$LiCoO_{2}$ samples were synthesized via a solid state reaction with various LiOH concentration between 10 % and 30 % excess. And $LiCoO_{2}$powders were calcined at 600~$800^{\circ}C$ in a short time. Measurements of XRD and SEM were performed to characterize the properties of the prepared materials. The effect of amount of Li ions on the structural change in powder has been examined using the XRD analysis. For the not added excess of LiOH, CoOOH phase presented in the XRD pattern of $LiCoO_{2}$ due to loss of Li ions during firing. The morphology and particle size of the powders were examined using SEM. The obtained powders are high temperature-$LiCoO_{2}$HT-LiCoO$_{2}$) and homogeneous with the range of grain size in the order of hundreds of nanometers. The effects of variation of LiOH concentration on the structural change in powder were investigated using the Rietveld analysis. As an analysis result, c/a is constant by 4.99 on all occasions. Finally, the structure of HT-$LiCoO_{2}$ was simulated by the commercial software $Creius^{2}$(Molecular Simulations, Inc.) from the results of Rietveld analysis.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.13-16
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• 2008

Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) is an electrochemical energy conversion system with high efficiency and low-emission of pollution. In order to reduce the operating temperature of SOFC system under $800^{\circ}C$, the thickness reduction of YSZ electrolyte to be as thin as possible, e.g., less than 10 ${\mu}m$ are considered with the microstructure control and optimum design of unit cell. Methods for reducing the thickness of YSZ electrolyte have been investigated in coin cell. Moreover, a large unit cell($8cm{\times}8cm$) for SOFC was fabricated using an anode-supported electrolyte assembly with a thinner electrolyte layer, which was prepared by a tape casting method with a co-sintering technique. we studied the design factors such as active layer, electrolyte thickness, cathode composition, etc,. by the coin type of unit cell ahead of the fabrication process of a large unit cell and also reviewed about the evaluation technique of a large size unit cell such as interconnect design, sealing materials and current collector and so forth. Electrochemical evaluations of the unit cells, including measurements such as power density and impedance, were performed and analyzed. Maximum power density and polarization impedance of coin cell were 0.34W/$cm^2$ and $0.45{\Omega}cm^2$ at $800^{\circ}C$, respectively. However, Maxium power density of a large unit cell($5cm{\times}5cm$) decreased to 0.21W/$cm^2$ at $800^{\circ}C$ due to the increase of ohmic resistance. However, It was found that the potential value of a large unit cell loaded by 0.22A/$cm^2$ showed 0.76V at 100hrs without the degradation of unit cell.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.391-395
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• 2007

MgO enhanced $(Ba_{0.6}Sr_{0.4})$ $TiO_3$ thick films have been fabricated by a tape casting and firing method for tunable devices on the microwave frequency band. In order to improve ferroelectric properties, the composite thick films enhanced with MgO on BST have been asymmetrically annealed by a focused halogen beam method. Dielectric constants of composite thick films are changed from 1050 to 1300 at 100 kHz after 60 s and 150 s annealing by the focused halogen beam. Even though no prominent changes were previously observed from the thick films before and after annealing in terms of chemical composition and surface morphology, it is clear that the average particle size of the thick films calculated by Scherrer's formula were increased by annealing. Furthermore, a strong correlation between particle size and dielectric constant of the composite thick films has been observed; dielectric constant increases with increased particle size. This has been attributed to the increased volume of ferroelectric domain due to increased particle sizes. As a result, the tuning range was improved by halogen beam annealing.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.456-465
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• 2015

듀얼 벨 노즐은 일반적인 벨 형상 노즐의 문제점인 저고도에서의 과대팽창, 고고도에서의 과소팽창을 감소시키며, 이로 인해 손실되는 비추력을 최소화 할 수 있는 노즐이다. 미국의 Rocketdyne사에서는 확장 노즐의 형상에 따른 추력특성을 분석하였고, NASA에서는 고도에 따른 연소실험을 수행하였다. 유럽은 DLR을 중심으로 굴곡각, 노즐 길이, 팽창비 등에 따른 연구를 진행하고 있으며, 러시아의 MAI에서는 팽창부에 슬롯을 추가하여 추력손실을 줄일 수 있는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 아시아에서는 일본, 인도 등에서 연구가 진행되고 있고, 일본의 미쓰비시사에서 슬롯 노즐과 유사한 개념의 기술을 특허로 등록하였다. 본 논문에서는 고도 보정이 가능한 노즐로써 듀얼 벨 노즐의 개념 및 성능과 국외 연구 개발 현황을 정리하였다. 국내에서도 경제성 있는 우주개발을 위해 듀얼 벨 노즐에 대한 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2011

Although sound intensity is considered as one of important factors in auditory processing, its neural mechanism in auditory neurons with limited dynamic range of firing rates is still unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of sound intensity adaptation on the change of glucose metabolism in a rat brain using [F-18] micro positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging technique. In the experiment, broadband white noise sound was given for 30 minutes after the [F-18]FDG injection in order to explore the functional adaptation of rat brain into the sound intensity levels. Nine rats were scanned with four different sound intensity levels: 40 dB, 60 dB, 80 dB, 100 dB sound pressure level (SPL) for four weeks. When glucose uptake during the adaptation of a high intensity sound level (100 dB SPL) was compared with that during adaptation to a low intensity level (40 dB SPL) in the experiment, the former induced a greater uptake at bilateral cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complexes and inferior colliculi in the auditory pathway. Expectedly, the metabolic activity in those areas linearly increased as the sound intensity level increased. In contrast, significant decrease interestingly occurred in the bilateral auditory cortices: The activities of auditory cortex proportionally decreased with higher sound intensities. It may reflect that the auditory cortex actively down-regulates neural activities when the sound gets louder.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.118-126
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• 2018

교전 초기에 높은 위협도를 가진 다수의 표적에 대해 적을 신속하게 제압하기 위해서는 단 시간 내에 가능한 많은 무장을 발사할 수 있도록 적시에 효과적인 무장 할당을 수립하여 교전 효과를 극대화하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 다표적 다무장 환경에서 신속 대응 무기 체계를 위한 무장 할당 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘에서는 무장군 별 방위각 크기 기준으로 표적을 정렬하여 방위각 기준으로 표적군-무장군 간 집단 할당을 수행한 후, 산출된 표적의 위협도 기준으로 표적-무장 간 개별 할당을 수행하여 복잡도 낮은 연산으로 신속 대응이 가능한 사격 계획을 수립하여 교전 효과를 극대화한다. 본 논문에서는 제안하는 알고리즘의 시뮬레이션 및 가시화를 통해 성능 평가 및 검증을 수행하였다. 성능 평가 결과, 제안하는 알고리즘은 대규모의 전장 환경에서도 빠른 시간 내에 높은 표적 할당률을 보이는 효과적인 무장할당을 수행함으로써 신속 발사 무기 체계에 적용할 시에 높은 효용성 및 효과가 기대된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2000

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a gastrointestinal hormone which plays an important role in satiety and gastric motility. It is also widely distributed throughout the central nervous system, where it appears to be involved in the central control of anxiety, feeding behavior and nociception. Two distinct CCK receptor types, $CCK_A$ and $CCK_B,$ have been found in the brain. Both CCK receptors coexist in the rat nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), which is the primary center for the coordination of peripheral and central activities related to gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and respiratory functions. In order to study ionic actions of CCK on each type of receptor, we investigated the effects of CCK-8S on neurons located in the NTS of the rat using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in brainstem slices. Application of CCK-8S, under current clamp, produced a membrane depolarization accompanied by action potential firing. This CCK-evoked excitation was dose-dependent $(10\;nM{\sim}10\;{\mu}M)$ and observed in more than 60% of NTS neurons. Under voltage clamp conditions, CCK-8S induced an inward current with a notably increased spontaneous excitatory synaptic activity. However, CCK-8S did not significantly change the amplitude of pharmacologically isolated and evoked EPSP(C)s. Using selective $CCK_A$ and $CCK_B$ receptor antagonists, we observed two different effects of CCK-8S, which suggest $CCK_A$ receptor-mediated inhibitory and $CCK_B$ receptor-mediated excitatory effects in the NTS. These results may help to explain the ability of CCK to modulate gastrointestinal and other reflex systems in the NTS.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.102-108
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• 2009

Fossil power plants firing lower grade coals or equipped with modified system for NOx controls are challenged with maintaining good combustion conditions while maximizing generation and minimizing emissions. In many cases significant derate, availability losses and increase in unburned carbon levels can be attributed to poor combustion conditions as a result of poorly controlled local fuel and air distribution within the boiler furnace. In order to develop a on-line combustion tuning system, field test was conducted at operating power boiler. During the field test the exhaust gases' $O_2$, NOx and CO was monitored by using a spatially distributed monitoring grid located in the boiler's high temperature vestibule and upper convective back-pass region. At these locations, the flue gas flow is still significantly stratified, and air in-leakage is minimal which enables tracing of poor combustion zones to specific burners and over-fire air ports. using these monitored information we can improving combustion at every point within the furnace, therefore the boiler can operate at reduced excess $O_2$ and gas temperature deviation, reduced furnace exit gas temperature levels while also reducing localized hot spots, corrosive gas conditions, slag or clinker formation and UBC. Benefits include improving efficiency, reducing NOx emissions, increasing output and maximizing availability. Discussion concerning the reduction of greenhouse gases is prevalent in the world. When taking a practical approach to addressing this problem, the best way and short-term solution to reduce greenhouse gases on coal-fired power plants is to improve efficiency. From this point of view the real time optimized combustion tuning approach is the most effective and implemented with minimal cost.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2010

배플 분사기는 연소실 안으로 돌출되어 횡 방향 모드로 발생하는 고주파 연소불안정을 억제하는 배플을 형성한다. 고온의 연소가스에 노출되기 때문에 배플 분사기는 케로신 유로를 통해 자체 냉각이 가능하도록 설계한다. 20개의 나선형 냉각 채널을 갖는 배플 분사기가 개발되어 30톤급 연소기에 성공적으로 적용되어 왔으며, 별도의 외부 냉각을 필요로 하는 내열재 배플이 갖던 성능 감소 문제를 해결하였다. 본 연구는 케로신 냉각유로의 설계를 개선함으로서, 냉각 성능을 만족하는 범위 내에서 제작성을 향상시켜 연소기 대형화로 인해 증가하는 배플 분사기의 제작 비용을 절감하는 데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 배플 분사기에 대한 복합열전달 해석을 수행하였으며, 설계 수정된 배플 분사기는 75톤급 실물형 연소기에 적용하기 전에 축소형 연소기의 연소시험을 통해 열 내구성을 검증하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.1166-1173
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• 2011

고체 로켓 추진기관에 적용 가능한 전기-기계식 점화안전장치를 설계하고 제작하였다. 본 전기-기계식 점화안전장치는 로터리 솔레노이드를 이용하여 장전되고 내장된 전기식 착화기를 발화하여 점화 에너지를 발생시킨다. 점화안전장치의 점화 성능을 검증하기 위한 방법으로 10-cc 밀폐용기 시험(Closed Bomb Test)을 실시하였고 점화안전장치 작동시 발생되는 고온, 고압의 가스로 인하여 밀폐용기 내부에 형성되는 압력을 계측하였다. 10-cc 밀폐용기 내부에 형성되는 압력과 점화가스 유로가 열리는 시간 등을 이상기체 방정식과 질량 및 에너지 보존 법칙을 적용한 1차원 가스 동력학 모델을 통하여 계산하였다. 모델링 예측과 CBT 시험 데이터를 비교한 결과 점화안전장치에서 발생되는 가스에 의해 밀폐용기에 형성되는 압력은 약 34%의 효율을 갖는 것으로 나타났다.