• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2008

In traditional oriental medicine, Gentianae Radix has been used clinically for clearing away 'heat', removing dampness and purging fire in the liver and gall bladder. However, there has been a lack of studies regarding the effects of Gentianae Radix on the immunological activities. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Gentianae Radix on the regulatory effects of cytokines and nitric oxide(NO) for the immunological activities in Raw 264.7 cells. After the treatment of Gentianae Radix MeOH extract, cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and NO production was monitored by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium. The expression of COX-2 and iNOS was determined by immunoblot analysis, and the content of levels of cytokines in media was analyzed by ELISA kit. Results provided evidence that Gentianae Radix inhibited the production of nitrite and nitrate (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), $interleukin-l{\beta}$ $(IL-l{\beta})$ and IL-6, and the activation of phospholylation of inhibitor ${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ ($p-I {\kappa}B{\alpha}$) in Raw 264.7 cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These findings suggest that Gentianae Radix can make anti-inflammatory effect, which may playa role in adjunctive therapy.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2004

반응 및 비반응 유동장에서 단일와동의 전개 및 와(渦) 구조 검토를 위해 2 차원 직접 수치모사를 수행하였다. 수치기법으로는 낮은 마하수 근사법이 적용된 예측-교정자법이 적용되었으며, 연소모텔로는 2단계 총괄 반응식이 사용되었다. 반응 및 비반응 유동장에서 단일와동의 거동 비교를 통해, 와동의 전개특성 및 구조는 화학반응으로부터 생성된 열 뿐만 아니라 부력에 의해 생성된 외부 와동에 크게 영향을 받음을 확인하였다. 또한 반응장의 경우에 부피 팽창항, Baroclinic torque항 및 부력항에 의해 와동의 구조가 크게 변화될 수 있음을 알았다.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.94-103
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• 2015

The turbulent flow characteristics in the channel flow are investigated using large eddy simulation(LES) of FDS code, built in NIST(USA), in which the near-wall flow is solved by Werner-Wengle wall function. The periodic flow condition is applied in streamwise direction to get the fully developed turbulent flow and symmetric condition is applied in lateral direction. The height of the channel is H=1m, and the length of the channel is 6H, and the lateral length is H. The total grid is $32{\times}32{\times}32$ and $y^+$ is kept above 11 to fulfill the near-wall flow requirement. The Smagorinsky model is used to solve the sub-grid scale stress. Smagorinsky constant $C_s$ is 0.2(default in FDS). Three cases of Reynolds number(10,700, 26,000, 49,000.), based on the channel height, are analyzed. The simulated results are compared with direct numerical simulation(DNS) and particle image velocimetry(PIV) experimental data. The linear low-Re eddy viscosity model of Launder & Sharma and non-linear low-Re eddy viscosity model of Abe-Jang-Leschziner are utilized to compare the results with LES of FDS. Reynolds normal stresses, Reynolds shear stresses, turbulent kinetic energys and mean velocity flows are well compared with DNS and PIV data.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2009

A cDNA clone for a transcript preferentially expressed during an early phase of flooding was isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. Nucleotide sequencing of the cDNA clone identified an open reading frame that has high homology to the previously reported glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins. The open reading frame consists of 157 amino acids with an N-terminal RNA-recognition motif and a C-terminal glycine-rich domain, and thus the cDNA clone was designated as Nicotiana tabaccum glycine-rich RNA-binding protein-1 (NtGRP1). Expression of NtGRP1 was upregulated under flooding stress and also increased, but at much lower levels, under conditions of cold, drought, heat, high salt content, and abscisic acid treatment. RNA homopolymer-binding assay showed that NtGRP1 binds to all the RNA homopolymers tested with a higher affinity to poly r(G) and poly r(A) than to poly r(U) and poly r(C). Nucleic acid-binding assays showed that NtGRP1 binds to ssDNA, dsDNA, and mRNA. NtGRP1 suppressed expression of the fire luciferase gene in vitro, and the suppression of luciferase gene expression could be rescued by addition of oligonucleotides. Collectively, the data suggest NtGRP1 as a negative modulator of gene expression by binding to DNA or RNA in bulk that could be advantageous for plants in a stress condition like flooding.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to summarize the historical aspects of parabolic reflector moxa and to suggest the applications of light moxibustion in Korean medicine. Results : Getting a fire by parabolic reflector(concave mirror) is well known because of the Olympic torch lighted with a solar reflector in Greece. From anecdotes or myths for Diocles and Archimedes(third century B.C.) a long history has been chronicled in books and films in western culture. However, it has another history in Asian countries since 2,000 years ago. Some reflectors had a tiny size with 6.5 to 10 cm in diameter, 4 mm to 1 cm thickness, and these mobile handheld devices could make us guess that they have been used for multiple purposes. Bronze reflectors were described in Dongeui-bogam, and excavated from the ancient remains of the Shilla and Koryo dynasties. This common firing device was used as a moxibustion device, one of the acupuncture and moxibustion modalities in traditional Korean medicine. Conclusions : Reflector moxa has been used as a light moxibustion to deliver heat energy to acupuncture points, muscles, and skin along meridians. We present a plausible proposal to improve other phototherapy modalities including reflector moxa in Korean medicine practice.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.25-41
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• 2012

Objective : Neijingshiyifanglun with additions and emendations was written by Liu Yude, a doctor who lived during Ming period. I researched the origin of the book, and analyzed the features of it as well. I also approximated his birth date and death date. In doing this, I gained a better understanding the practice of medicine in ancient China. Method : I researched the book by comparing its contents, including the causes of diseases, the descriptions of symptoms, the transmissions of diseases, and treatments, with other sources that he had referenced. Result : In understanding Hwangdineijing, Liu Yude was influenced by many medical scholars such as, Wang Bing, Ma Shi, and Wu Kun, but his opinion is most similar to that of Zhang Jiebin. In the field of the Chinese Medical Theory, he was deeply influenced by 'JinYuan-Sidaijia's theories, particularly Li Gao and Zhu Zhenheng. In fanglun, he was greatly influenced by Yifangkao. He concluded that 'aggregationaccumulation' was a disease of stuffiness, and suggested its cure in through 'yangjingzezichu' and 'treatment of blood aspect'. He recognized the disease of 'reversal of qi' as the disease of 'jiaoqi'. He also indicated that the word of 'qi' is not 'rough' but 'tears' or 'yingfengliulei'. Conclusion : 1. He was an excellent medical practitioner and scholar in the history of oriental medicine. 2. He found and corrected errors in the opinions of Wang Bing, Ma Shi, and Wu Kun. 3. He frequently practiced Taipinghuiminhejijufang, and considered Spleen-Stomach, yin-blood, and fire-heat important. 4. He captured the spirit of Huangdisuwenxuanminglunfang, Neijingshiyifanglun, Yifangkao in views of remedy and theory. 5. Neijingshiyifanglun with additions and emendations is the most comprehensive book about fanglun because of its thorough analysis of the Hwangdineijing and its connection to the treatment of ancient diseases in Oriental Medical History.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.251-262
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• 2014

This article is for understanding dementia with the perspective of Korean Medicine through research on syndrome differentiations of dementia clinically applied and relations between modern diseases and Korean Medicine pattern types of dementia. clinical papers were searched in China Academic Journals(CAJ) of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) from 2012 to 2013. Conclusions are as follows. First, dementia was expressed in many ways such as imbecility, stupidity, fatuity, idiocy, vacuity, etc and was related with amnesia, forgetfulness, speech not in the right order, depressive psychosis(quiet insanity), manic psychosis, depression syndrome. Second, prescriptions such as QiFuYin and ZuoGuiWan from JingYueQuanShu, XiXinTang and ZhiMiTang from BianZhengLu, TongQiaoHuoXueTang, XueFuZhuYuTang and BuYangHaiWuTang from YiLinGaiCuo, HaiShaoDan from YiFangJiJie, HuangLianJieDuTang from WaiTaiMiYao were suggested for dementia. Third, syndrome differentiation pattern types of dementia are kidney deficiency and marrow decrease, qi-blood depletion, liver-kidney depletion, spleen-kidney depletion, heart-spleen deficiency as deficiency patterns and effulgent heart-liver fire, ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang, qi stagnation and blood stasis, phlegm turbidity obstructing orifice, phlegm-blood stasis obstructing orifice, intense heat toxin as excess patterns and qi deficiency with blood stasis, yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity as deficiency-excess complex patterns. Major pattern types are kidney deficiency and marrow decrease, phlegm-blood stasis obstructing orifice, qi stagnation and blood stasis, liver-kidney depletion, phlegm turbidity obstructing orifice.

• 센서학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.337-341
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• 2014

For various additives doped-$VO_2$ critical temperature sensors using the nature of semiconductor to metal transition, the crystallinity, microstructure, and temperature vs. resistance characteristics were systematically investigated. As a starting material of $VO_2$ sensor, vanadium pentoxide ($V_2O_5$) powders were used, and CaO, SrO, $Bi_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, and PbO dopants were used, respectively. The $V_2O_5$ powders with dopants were mixed with a vehicle to form paste. This paste was silk screen-printed on $Al_2O_3$ substrates and then $V_2O_5$-based thick films were heat-treated at $500^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours in $N_2$ gas atmosphere for the reduction to $VO_2$. From X-ray diffraction analysis, $VO_2$ phases for pure $VO_2$, and CaO and SrO-doped $VO_2$ thick films were confirmed and their grain sizes were 0.57 to $0.59{\mu}m$. The on/off resistance ratio of the $VO_2$ sensor in phase transition temperature range was $5.3{\times}10^3$ and that of the 0.5 wt.% CaO-doped $VO_2$ sensor was $5.46{\times}10^3$. The presented critical temperature sensors could be commercialized for fire-protection and control systems.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2010

액화석유가스 자동차는 대도시의 대기환경 개선을 위해 적용되고 있으며 대기 오염물질을 저감시키는데 효과적인 것으로 입증되고 있다. 이와 더불어 환경 친화적인 에너지원으로서 가스의 수요가 날로 급증하고 있으며, LPG 충전소도 해마다 증가추세이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 충전소에서 증기운폭발에 의한 화염의 영향으로 인간에게 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 이를 위하여 API에서 규정한 피해예측을 통하여 평가를 실시하였다. 폭발장소에서의 화염에 의해 미치는 영향 거리를 산출하여 거리별 복사열의 크기를 알게 되면 그 지점에서의 피해는 간단하게 예측할 수 있다. 또한 폭발장소 주변에 위치한 인간에게 미치는 영향을 PROBIT 모델에 적용하여 사고피해예측을 평가하였다. 프로빗 분석에 의하면 화염에서 30m 이격된 곳은 1도 화상에 의한 손상확률이 100%, 2도 화상에 의한 손상확률은 99.2%, 화재로 인한 사망확률은 93.4%로 나타났다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2010

To investigate electrostatic ignition hazards of commercial gasoline used in the gas station, experiments were conducted dealing with the minimum ignition energy(MIE) of several kinds of gasoline under the various temperature. The conductivity of gasoline that was required for an accurate risk assessment as well as the MIE were also examined. The solvent ignitability apparatus which can heat up the inside of the vessels up to $210^{\circ}C$ was used in this study. Four kinds of premium gasoline and four kinds of regular gasoline, differing with respect to the companies, were used as test specimens. The following results were obtained: (1) all gasoline specimens were so sensitive that even an electrostatic discharge with a very low energy, such as about 0.5mJ, could ignite them. The ignitability of premium gasoline was constant irrespective of the companies. On the other hand, the ignitability of regular gasoline was variable depending on the company. (2) The MIE of all specimens depended markedly on the temperature; in other words, an increase in temperature decreases the ignition energy value. (3) The conductivity values of all specimens were low. Those must be taken into consideration in electrostatic risk assessment.