• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.1 s.61
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• pp.83-97
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• 2006

Recently, it is imperatively necessary to expand fire services funds for providing high quality of fire services. This study is to propose the plan of funds expansion for fire services to cope with a hefty increase of fire services demands in a local autonomous entity era. As alternatives of funds expansion, the study suggests the increase of fire public facilities tax rate and extracting new funds by establishing local government firms such as fire hospitals and fire repair firms. In addition, the study also proposes establishing a new common fire facilities tax, imposing fire services tax on gas tax, imposing public facilities tax on electricity tax, and transferring fire services expense to a local autonomous entity.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.21 no.2 s.66
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• pp.87-97
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• 2007

This study is to investigate the problems of procurement circumstance of the current fire service funds and to suggest the alternatives for procuring the fire service funds for dealing with increasing demand on the fire service in the local autonomous era. The results are as the followings. First, most fire service officers see the procurement circumstances as premature stage and perceive the necessity of the improvement of this condition. In particular, the officers at the fire center recognize this problem as an urgent question than the officers at the front fire branches. In addition, as for the alternatives of the procurement of fire service funds, both groups prefer the long term plan to the short term plan, and show positive responses to the National Emergency Management Agency and central government as the entity to raise fire funds. As for the alternatives to improve financial system, both groups show the most positive responses on the way to increase the current common facilities tax. As for the specific procurement alternatives of fire funds, both groups agree the alternative to increase common facilities tax mostly, and to the next they agree the alternative to insecure fire funds by restructuring current financial system and by establishing fire service hospital and fire equipment maintenance center.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.334-339
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• 2008

Nowadays national research and development fund is continuously increased. And the evaluation on the feasibility of R&D budget investment was carried out. Through this study it was possible that a business feasibility evaluation of large scale research project. Also the benefit of research project about large scale plant(A plant) is $2.67{\sim}3.76$ times of research funds, and the R&D fund pay-back period is $6{\sim}8$ years. And also there is employment effect as $1,200{\sim}2,200$ every year, and $22,000{\sim}35,000$ within 20 years after research project.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.119-138
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• 2016

Since the Industrial Revolution, which made the mass production and mass distribution of standardized goods possible, machine-made (manufactured) products have accounted for the majority of the market. However, in recent years, the phenomenon of purchasing even more expensive handmade products has become a noticeable trend as consumers have started to acknowledge the value of handmade products, such as the craftsman's commitment, belief in their quality and scarcity, and the sense of self-esteem from having them,. Consumer interest in these handmade products has shown explosive growth and has been coupled with the recent development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies. Etsy.com is the world's largest online handmade platform. It is no different from any other online platform; it provides an online market where buyers and sellers virtually meet to share information and transact business. However, Etsy.com is different in that shops within this platform only deal with handmade products in a variety of categories, ranging from jewelry to toys. Since its establishment in 2005, despite being limited to handmade products, Etsy.com has enjoyed rapid growth in membership, transaction volume, and revenue. Most recently in April 2015, it raised funds through an initial public offering (IPO) of more than 1.8 billion USD, which demonstrates the huge potential of online handmade platforms. After the success of Etsy.com, various types of online handmade platforms such as Handmade at Amazon, ArtFire, DaWanda, and Craft is ART have emerged and are now competing with each other, at the same time, which has increased the size of the market. According to Deloitte's 2015 holiday survey on which types of gifts the respondents plan to buy during the holiday season, about 16% of U.S. consumers chose "homemade or craft items (e.g., Etsy purchase)," which was the same rate as those for the computer game and shoes categories. This indicates that consumer interests in online handmade platforms will continue to rise in the future. However, this high interest in the market for handmade products and their platforms has not yet led to academic research. Most extant studies have only focused on machine-made products and intelligent services for them. This indicates a lack of studies on handmade products and their intelligent services on virtual platforms. Therefore, this study used signaling theory and prior research on the effects of sellers' characteristics on their performance (e.g., total sales and price premiums) in the buyer-seller relationship to identify the key influencing e-Image factors (e.g., reputation, size, information sharing, and length of relationship). Then, their impacts on the performance of shops within the online handmade platform were empirically examined; the dataset was collected from Etsy.com through the application of web harvesting technology. The results from the structural equation modeling revealed that the reputation, size, and information sharing have significant effects on the total sales, while the reputation and length of relationship influence price premiums. This study extended the online platform research into online handmade platform research by identifying key influencing e-Image factors on within-platform shop's total sales and price premiums based on signaling theory and then performed a statistical investigation. These findings are expected to be a stepping stone for future studies on intelligent online handmade services as well as handmade products themselves. Furthermore, the findings of the study provide online handmade platform operators with practical guidelines on how to implement intelligent online handmade services. They should also help shop managers build their marketing strategies in a more specific and effective manner by suggesting key influencing e-Image factors. The results of this study should contribute to the vitalization of intelligent online handmade services by providing clues on how to maximize within-platform shops' total sales and price premiums.