• 제목/요약/키워드: Fire identification

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RULA 평가기법을 활용한 분말소화기 디자인 연구 (A Study on Powder Fire Extinguisher Design with RULA Technique Used)

  • 강채우;김덕남
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.117-123
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    • 2017
  • This study was intended to find methods of fire extinguishing system designs that can improve the equipment's usability. In this study, the fire suppression experiment through fire extinguishers and the data drawn through the experiment were analyzed, and then the guideline for the improvement of designs was presented. The procedure is as follows. A fire suppression experiment with the use of fire extinguishers was done by 43 average adults. The whole process of the fire suppression was videotaped, and then captured major scenes were analyzed with the use of RULA, a human engineering measurement tool. The analyzed data were divided into 4 steps, and then the guideline for design improvement was presented. The summary of the study is as follows. Step 1, Fire extinguisher distance step. To reduce overload occurring at the process of holding fire extinguishers suddenly, wheels are attached to the body of extinguishers, or pedestals are installed. Step 2, Fire extinguisher transportation step. The length of hose is extended, or fire fighting water is sprayed far, so that overload of legs occurring at the process of travel can be reduced. In addition, the weight of fire extinguisher shouldn't be over 2 kg. Step 3, Safety pin removal stage. Safety pins should be applied with button type, so that excessive posture of lower limbs and excessive twisting of wrists won't happen during safety pin removal process. Besides, safety pins should be designed for easy identification and operation. Step 4, Fire extinguishing agent spraying step. To reduce overload occurring at sudden spraying of fire fighting water, pressure should be increased gradually until high pressure. With the above study results applied to existing fire extinguisher design, it may contribute to reducing any fire damage.

전문가 설문을 통한 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 변증의 주요 증상 빈도 연구 (Expert Survey about Frequencies of Symptoms and Signs in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Pattern Identification)

  • 김락형;안윤영;김미연;정민정
    • 대한한방소아과학회지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2019
  • Objectives The objectives of this study is to investigate the characteristics of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pattern identification based on the survey of frequencies of symptoms and signs according to the pediatricians and psychiatrists in Korean Medicine. Methods Eleven pediatricians and fourteen psychiatrists participated in this study. 38 symptoms and signs of 4 ADHD pattern identifications (Kidney yin deficiency and liver yang ascendant hyperactivity 腎虛肝亢, Dual deficiencies in the heart and spleen 心脾兩虛, Phlegm-fire harassing the heart 痰火擾心, Spleen weakness and liver energy preponderance 脾虛肝旺) were used to evaluate the frequencies of ADHD. The differences in frequencies of symptoms and signs amongst ADHD pattern identifications, and the correlations between them were analyzed. Results There were significant differences in the frequencies of symptoms and signs between each pattern identification. Dual Deficiencies in the Heart and Spleen 心脾兩虛 is negatively related with hyperactivity and impulsivity, and positively related with inattention. Phlegm-fire Harassing the Heart 痰火擾心 is positively related with hyperactivity and impulsivity, and negatively related with inattention. Conclusions The results of the characteristics of ADHD pattern identifications from the survey analysis could be used in the clinical practices of ADHD as well as to improve the ADHD pattern identification questionnaire.

"동의보감(東醫寶鑑)" "내경편(內景篇)"의 포(胞), 소변(小便), 대편(大便)에 나타난 질병(疾病)의 변증화(辨證化) 연구 (Study on Mechanistic Pattern Identification of Disease for Uterine, Urine and Excrements Parts of DongEuiBoGam NaeGyungPyen)

  • 김영목
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제24권5호
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    • pp.727-736
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    • 2010
  • This study is about researching mechanistic pattern identification of disease for DongEuiBoGam NaeGyungPyen by analysing with pattern identification of modern Traditional Korean medical patholgy as more logical, systematic and standardized theory. Disease pattern mechanisms of uterine, urine and excrements parts of DongEuiBoGam NaeGyun gPyen in NaeGyungPyen of DongEuiBoGam are these. Menstrual irregularities in DongEuiBoGam can be classified flui d-humor depletion, blood deficiency, qi deficiency, qi stagnation, qi stagnation complicated by heat, blood stasis, blood deficiency complicated by heat, syndrome of heat entering blood chamber, syndrome of cold entering blood chamber. The disease pattern of abdominal pain after menstruation in DongEuiBoGam is blood deficiency complicated by heat, and a dysmenorrhea represents blood stasis with heat, fluid-humor deficiency. Advanced menstruation represent dual heat of the qi and blood, delayed menstruation is blood deficiency. The disease pattern of inhibited urination in DongEuiBoGam can be classified deficiency heat pattern of kidney yin deficiency(yin deficiency with effulgent fire), kidney qi deficiency, yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity, fluid-humor depletion, spleen-stomach dual deficiency, and excess he at pattern of bladder excess heat. The disease pattern of urinary incontinence in DongEuiBoGam can be classified deficiency pattern of kidney-bladder qi deficiency, consumptive disease, lung qi deficiency, kidney yin deficiency(yin deficiency with effulgent fire), kidney yang deficiency and excess pattern of lower energizer blood amassment, bladder excess heat. And most of them are deficiency from deficiency-excess Pattern Identification. The disease pattern of diarrhea in DongEuiBoGam can be classified deficiency pattern of qi deficiency, qi fall, spleen yang deficiency, kidney yang deficiency and so on and excess pattern of wind-cold-summerheat-dampness-fire, phlegm-fluid retention, dietary irregularities, qi movement stagnation. And most of them are deficiency from deficiency-excess Pattern Identification. Like these, this study identify pattern of disease in DongEuiBoGam by mechanism of disease theory.

공동주택의 화재조사 - 현장조사 및 연소실험에 의한 초기 화재확대과정 추정 - (Investigation of an Apartment Fire - Site Surveys and Burn Tests for Estimation of the Progress on Initial Fire Spread -)

  • 남동군;하세미유지
    • 한국화재소방학회논문지
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.120-129
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    • 2009
  • 건축물 화재에서는 발화물과 주변 가연물이 소실하기 때문에 화재현장 조사만으로 출화원인을 규명하기 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구는 현장조사와 화재실험을 통해 화재의 원인과 확대과정을 추정하는 방법에 관하여 고찰하였다. 본 연구에서는 화재원인 불명으로 판단된 공동주택의 화재사례를 대상으로 현장의 잔존물에서 출화장소와 초기연소물을 추정하고, 출화물로 추정된 가연물을 대상으로 연소실험을 실행하여 출화원인 등을 추정하였다. 화재실험에서는 가연물의 종류 및 배치 등을 출화이전의 상태로 재현하고 출화조건을 가정하여 반복적으로 실행하여 연소 후의 상황과 화재현장의 잔존물을 비교함으로써 출화원인 및 초기 화재확대과정을 규명하였다.

전기화재 아크.스파크검출기 특성평가에 관한 연구 (Analysis of Characteristics of Electrical Arc Spark Detector)

  • 정용기;신효섭;지철근;김영수
    • 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국조명전기설비학회 2002년도 학술대회논문집
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    • pp.375-378
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    • 2002
  • An arc/spark detector (ASD) was developed is to early detect wire failures and insecure connections that may lead to fire in residents and commercial and industrial facilities. A detailed circuit design for ASD implementation along with prototype product is reported. The tests of ASD, which were successful in phase identification, in many different arc/spark locations under different loadings, and in false alarm probability, showed the ability and capability of the state-of-the-art detector in the electric fire hazard prevention.

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Sub-Surface Station Fire Evacuation Research and Best Practice

  • Dowens, Trevor
    • International Journal of Railway
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.18-21
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    • 2009
  • The basis of modem risk-based safety management is to focus on what might happen and ensure it is designed out of the system by robust hazard identification and risk analysis. However, in the real world things go wrong and it is essential to be prepared for the worst so that the response can minimise harm and loss of property and damage to the environment. Whilst some hazard mitigation measures are aimed at preventing incidents, others are venting escalation. The results of the tests concluded that the most effective means by the control room, both with and without, local station staff assistance using directive public address announcements and CCTV surveillance.

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국내 제조업 화재감시자 운영의 문제 확인 및 개선방안 (Identification of Problems and Improvement Measures of Fire Observer Operation in Domestic Manufacturing Industry)

  • 김경민;서용윤;이종빈;장성록
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제38권6호
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    • pp.26-35
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    • 2023
  • Sparks cause most fire and explosion accidents in the manufacturing industry during hot work, which ignites surrounding combustible materials. Such incidents lead to high casualties due to suffocation from toxic gases and lack of evacuation. Therefore, the government recently enacted and revised 'The Occupational Safety and Health Act' to prevent fires and explosions at work sites, incorporating legal standards for fire observers, which are important in preventing accidents and the spread of fire during hot work. However, there are notable shortcomings in conducting professional cause analysis of these accidents and in aligning them with advanced foreign legal standards. Additionally, there is a lack of literature review reflecting the manufacturing industry characteristics. Despite the recent enactment and revision of legal standards, gathering sufficient opinions and professional reviews remains insufficient. To address these gaps, interviews were conducted with safety and health workers, analyzing recent fire and explosion causes in domestic manufacturing industries, and reviewing both domestic and international legal standards. Conclusively, proposed improvement measures were centered on the professionalization of fire observer education, enhancing their roles and authority realistically, and improving fire observer placement and operation standards. Consequently, additional 'Occupational Safety and Health Act' standards are necessary for fire observer education and defining the government's role. Second, precise legal standards outlining the role and authority of fire observers are required. Third tailored fire observer arrangements and management standards appropriate for varying work characteristics and company sizes are required. This study emphasizes the importance of supplementing relevant legal standards to prevent fire accidents in the manufacturing industry.

뇌경색환자의 혈중 homocysteine 및 d-dimer 농도와 한의변증유형에 대한 연구 (Study for Blood Homocysteine Levels and d-dimer Levels of Cerebral Infarction Patients and Pattern Identification)

  • 박선영;공경환;고호연
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.113-119
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    • 2012
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in blood homocysteine levels and blood d-dimer levels of cerebral infarction patients categorized by Pattern Identification. We studied hospitalized patients within 4 weeks after the onset of stroke who were admitted to the Oriental Internal Medical Department at Semyung University Chungju Oriental Medical Hospital from May 2008 to September 2009. We analyzed risk factors and blood homocysteine levels and blood d-dimer levels accordings to Pattern Identification in Cerebral infarction patients. A total of 49 patients were included in the trial. No statistical significance was noted for any characteristics except body weight and body mass index. Body weight and body mass index were significantly higher Dampness-Phlegm pattern. On past history of patients, prevalence of DM was significantly higher in Fire-Heat pattern than that of other patterns. There was no significant difference of blood homocysteine levels and blood d-dimer levels among Pattern Identification. This study investigated the differences in blood homocysteine levels and blood d-dimer levels of cerebral infarction patients categorized by Pattern Identification. The correlation in homocysteine and d-dimer levels and Pattern Identification was not clarified.

Application of Deep Learning: A Review for Firefighting

  • Shaikh, Muhammad Khalid
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • 제22권5호
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    • pp.73-78
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    • 2022
  • The aim of this paper is to investigate the prevalence of Deep Learning in the literature on Fire & Rescue Service. It is found that deep learning techniques are only beginning to benefit the firefighters. The popular areas where deep learning techniques are making an impact are situational awareness, decision making, mental stress, injuries, well-being of the firefighter such as his sudden fall, inability to move and breathlessness, path planning by the firefighters while getting to an fire scene, wayfinding, tracking firefighters, firefighter physical fitness, employment, prediction of firefighter intervention, firefighter operations such as object recognition in smoky areas, firefighter efficacy, smart firefighting using edge computing, firefighting in teams, and firefighter clothing and safety. The techniques that were found applied in firefighting were Deep learning, Traditional K-Means clustering with engineered time and frequency domain features, Convolutional autoencoders, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Deep Neural Networks, Simulation, VR, ANN, Deep Q Learning, Deep learning based on conditional generative adversarial networks, Decision Trees, Kalman Filters, Computational models, Partial Least Squares, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Edge computing, C5 Decision Tree, Restricted Boltzmann Machine, Reinforcement Learning, and Recurrent LSTM. The literature review is centered on Firefighters/firemen not involved in wildland fires. The focus was also not on the fire itself. It must also be noted that several deep learning techniques such as CNN were mostly used in fire behavior, fire imaging and identification as well. Those papers that deal with fire behavior were also not part of this literature review.