• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.178-188
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• 2022

This article cites examples of cultural heritages that urgently require protection measures, and the reinterpretation of beacons, fortresses, and extremities identified in the process of conducting a cultural heritage investigation of the DMZ and bordering areas. It is true that there are various difficulties involved in implementing thorough protection measures considering the reality of the two Koreas' division. Despite this, the "Ordinance for the Protection of Military Cultural Properties" and the "Act on the Protection and Investigation of Buried Cultural Heritage" have been enacted and are in effect. In particular, in the "Ordinance for the Protection of Military Cultural Properties," the value of protecting "military assets" is emphasized. The identification and investigation of cultural heritages in the DMZ and border areas must continue. Although field research is currently difficult, the primary investigation conducted by high-altitude terrain analysis and literature research is considered effective. Furthermore, there are parts that require correction and supplementation with future field investigations. Although some trial and error is expected during these various cultural heritage investigations, they need to continue.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.403-420
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• 2023

Objectives: This study investigated the effectiveness of herbal medicine for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) based on recent clinical studies. Methods: Studies were searched through four databases. Clinical research studies on herbal medicine treatment for GAD patients were included. The studies were analyzed according to study design, diagnostic criteria, population, and intervention. A risk of bias assessment was performed to assess the quality of the included randomized controlled trials (RCT). If the intervention applied to the treatment and control groups was the same and two or more studies were reporting the same items as outcome indicators, a meta-analysis was performed. Results: A total of 19 studies, including 12 RCTs were selected. The most common pattern identification was 'Phlegm fire disturbing upward' (痰熱上擾), and the most used herb for therapeutic purposes was 'Rhizome of Poria cocos' (茯苓). Meta-analysis results of three studies showed that there were no significant differences in effectiveness between the herbal medicine intervention and the Western medicine intervention. Meta-analysis results of five studies showed that the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale was significantly reduced in the case of herbal medicine intervention compared to Western medicine intervention. Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrated that herbal medicine treatment for GAD is effective in alleviating anxiety symptoms and chief symptoms of GAD. However, this study has several limitations; there was a lack of placebo-controlled RCT and an absence of objective diagnostic criteria in case reports. Therefore, further well-designed clinical studies, conducted based on the results of this study, are recommended.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.863-873
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• 2023

This research explores the efficacy of safety vest colors at construction sites to enhance worker safety. Utilizing the Munsell color system and the Korean Standard Color Analysis program(KSCA), the study developed a prototype safety vest tailored to specific types of construction work. A safety vest with a color contrasting the site's environment significantly improves worker visibility and intuitiveness in identification, potentially reducing safety incidents. The study determined the optimal color specifications(hue, value, chroma) for safety vests in various construction roles, such as 10GY, 8, 8 for rebar placement, 8.75B, 7, 8 for Euroform, 3.75B, 2, 4 for Gangform, and 6.25BG, 5, 10 for steel erection. Feedback from construction experts on these prototypes, particularly regarding the safety vests for rebar placement and steel framework, was overwhelmingly positive(90% approval). Consequently, the proposed safety vest color scheme is deemed highly effective.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3 s.71
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• pp.126-137
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• 2007

Objectives : Standardization of pattern identification for stroke and development of a diagnostic tool for Korean medicine. Methods : We organized a committee for stroke diagnosis standardization of Korean traditional medicine and submitted the Korean standard differentiation of the symptoms and signs for stroke (KSDSS). We collected cases through a multi-center network consisting of twelve university hospitals and one local hospital. We analyzed the data with discriminant function and logistic regression. Results : 321 cases were confirmed by diagnosis of medical specialists and residents. They were divided into qi deficiency 30.84%, dampness & phlegm 25.55%, fire & heat 22.43%, eum deficiency 18.69% and blood stasis 2.49%. The accordance rate between discriminant function and doctor's diagnosis was calculated. Conclusions : To make a stroke diagnostic program, we must raise the accordance rate between doctor's diagnosis and the program.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.233-244
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• 2006

Of many volatile organic detergents for metals, benzine(CAS No. 8030-30-6), of which the toxicity has not yet been proven, has been used as an alternative of the halide compounds in the consideration of toxic effects, global warming and the destruction of ozone layer. In order to evaluate the effects of the benzine on human body by investigating the subchronic inhalation toxicity, to obtain the basic data for establishing the criteria of exposure in working environments and to classify the hazardousness in compliance with the Industrial Safety and Health Act by evaluating the hazardousness, repeated inhalation exposure test was carried with SD rats. The rats were grouped by 10 females and males each. The repetitive inhalation exposures were carried out at 4 levels of concentration of 0 ppm, 60 ppm, 300 ppm, and 1,500 ppm, for 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, for 13 weeks. The results are described hereunder. 1. No death of the animals of the exposed and controlled groups in the test period. Not any specific clinical symptoms, change in feed intake quantity, abnormality in eye test, or change in activity were observed. 2. In the 300 ppm and 1,500 ppm groups, weight reduction in the female groups and weight increase of liver and kidney in the male groups compared with control group were observed with statistical significance(p<0.05). 3. In the blood test, the HCT increased in the male 300 ppm group and the number of hematocyte increased, MCV and MCH decreased in the male 1,500 ppm group. In the female 1,500 ppm group, the HB decreased and the distribution width of the hematocyte particle size increased. In the blood biochemistry test, the TP in the male 1,500 ppm group and the LDH in the female 1,500 ppm group were increased with statistical significance(p<0.05). 4. Under the test conditions of the present study with SD rats, the NOEL was evaluated to be from 60 ppm to 300 ppm for both male and female groups. By extrapolation, the NOEL for human who work 8 hours a day was evaluated to be from 128 ppm to 640 ppm 5. Since the NOEL evaluated in this study do not exceed 60ppm(0.184 mg/L) the test material does not belong to the classification of the hazardous substance "NOEL${\leq}$0.5mg/L/6hr/90day(rat), for continuous inhalation of 6hours a day for 90 days" nor to the basic hazardous chemical substance class 1(0.2 mg/L/6hr/90day(rat) defined by the GHS which is a criteria of classification and identification of chemical compounds. However, considering the boiling point($30-204^{\circ}C$), flashing point($-40^{\circ}C$), vapor pressure(40 mmHg), and the inflammable range(1.0 - 6.0 %), sufficient care should be taken for handling in the safety aspects including fire or explosion.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 1987

The U.S. Forest Service administers the world's largest forestry research organization. From its modest beginning in 1876, some 30 years before the United States national forest system was established, the research branch has devoted its effort to meet current and future information needs of the forestry community of the United States, not just for the U.S. Forest Service. The research branch is one of three major administrative units of the U.S. Forest Service. The others being the National Forest System and State and Private Forestry. Currently the National Forest System comprises 155 national forests, 19 national grasslands, and 18 utilization projects located in 44 states. Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The National Forest System manages these areas for a large array of uses and benefits including timber, water, forage, wildlife, recreation, minerals, and wilderness. It is through the State and Private Forestry branch that the U.S. Forest Service cooperates and coordinates forestry activities and programs with state and local governments, forest industries, and private landowners. These activities include financial and technical assistance in disease, insect, and fire protection ; plan forestry programs ; improve harvesting and marketing practices ; and transfer forestry research results to user groups. Forestry research is carried out through eight regional Forest Experiment Stations and the Forest Product Laboratory. Studies are maintained at 70 administrative sites, and at 115 experimental forest and grasslands. All of the current sciences that composed modern forestry are included in the research program. These range from forest biology (i. e. silviculture, ecology, physiology, and genetics) to the physical, mathematical, engineering, managerial, and social sciences. The levels of research range from application, developmental, and basic research. Research planning and priority identification is an ongoing process with elements of the research program changing to meet short-term critical information needs(i. e. protection research) to long-term opportunities(i. e. biotechnology). Research planning and priority setting is done in cooperation with National Forest Systems, forest industries, universities, and individual groups such as environmental, wilderness, or wildlife organizations. There is an ongoing review process of research administration, organization, and science content to maintain quality of research. In the U.S. Forest Service the research responsibility is not completed until the new information is being applied by the various user group : I. e. technology transfer program. Research planning and development in the U.S. Forest Service is a dynamic activity. Porgrams for the year 2000 and beyond are now in the planning stage.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.31-51
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• 2009

The characteristics of Jin's ideas on clinic theory can be arranged as follows. 1. Jin emphasized warming and tonifying[溫補] in treatment and the part that shows this the best is the taking care of[調理] the Vital gate[命門], kidney, liver, and spleen. His ideas were based on his understanding of a human life's origin, and was influenced by Seolgi(薛己), Joheon-ga(趙獻可) and Janggaebin(張介賓)'s Vital gate and source Gi theory(元氣說) so scholastically, he has that in common with them but was later criticized by later doctors such as Oksamjon(玉三尊) as an 'literary doctor(文字醫)' who followed the ideas of "Uigwan(醫貫)". 2. The warming and tonifying school[溫補學派], who were influenced by Taoism, said in their theory of disease outbreak[發病學說] that since one must not hurt one's Yin essence and Yang fire [陰精陽火] there is more deficiency than excess, so that was why they used tonifying methods. Jin was also like them and this point of view is universal in internal medicine, gynecology, pediatric medicine and surgery and so on. 3. Jin, who saw the negative form of pulse diagnosis[診脈] emphasized following symptoms over pulse diagnosis using the spirit of ‘finding truth based on truth[實事求是]' in "Maekgyeolcheonmi(脈訣闡微)", but emphasized 'the combination of pulse and symptoms[脈證合參]'. He understood pulse diagnosis as a defining tool for symptoms, and in "Seoksilbirok(石室秘錄)" simplified pulse diagnosis into 10 methods : floating/sunken(浮沉), slow/fast(遲數), large/fine(大小), vacuous/replete(虛實) and slippery/rough(滑澀). 4. Jin used 'large formulas(大方)' a lot that usually featured a large dose, and in " Bonchosinpyeon(本草新編)" he thought of the seven formulas(七方) and ten preparations(十劑) as the standard when using medicine. He did away with old customs and presented a 'new(新)' and 'extra(奇)' point of view. He especially used a lot of Insam(人蔘) when tonifying Gi and Geumeunhwa(金銀花) when treating sores and ulcers. 5. In the area of surgery Jin gave priority to the early finding and treatment of disease with internal treatment[內治] and was against the overuse of acupuncture. However records of surgical measures in a special situation like lung abscesses(肺癰) and liver abscesses(肝癰), and anesthetic measures using 'Manghyeongju(忘形酒)' and 'Singoiyak(神膏異藥)' and opening the abdomen or skull, and organ transplants using a dog's tongue are important data. 6. Jin stated the diseases of Gi and blood broadly. Especially in the principles of treating blood, blood diseases had to be forwarded[順] and Gi regulation[理氣] was the number one priority and stated the following two treatments. First, in "Jeonggiinhyeolpyeon(精氣引血篇)" of volume 6 of "Oegyeongmieon(外經微言)", for the rules for treating blood he stated the pattern identification of finding Gi in blood and blood in Gi. Second, he emphasized Gi regulation(理氣) in blood diseases and stated that the Gi must be tonifyed after finding the source of the loss of blood.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.73-88
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• 2015

Due to the cases of recent global warming and unusual weather etc., large-scale natural disasters such as typhoons, floods, snow damage occur frequently across the continents such as Southeast Asia and North America, South America etc. and risks of earthquakes and tsunami are also increasing gradually in Korea which has been regarded as a safe zone and disaster types are also being diversified such as typhoons, floods, heat waves, heavy snow and damage scale is also enlarged. In addition, due to geographical characteristics or lack of infrastructure, disasters tended to occur intensively around a specific region or city in the past but disasters occur throughout the country in recent years so preparation for disaster prevention has emerged as an urgent challenge issue. Therefore, considering that the plan of obtaining the effective feedback function of disaster Information is very important in the proactive and software aspects for disaster reduction, this paper analyzed this three aspects of contents, procedural and contextual aspects and proposed the plan. First, in the content aspect, building disaster prevention information communication Infrastructure, building urban and regional disaster prevention system, obtaining concurrency and sharing of information and second, in the procedural aspect, active utilization of ICT(Information and Communication Technology) of the prevention stage, disaster prevention information collection and analysis reinforcement of the preparation stage, improvement of decision-making structure and field command system of the response stage, recovery system related information promotion of the recovery stage were proposed as alternatives and finally, in the contextual aspect, if disaster prevention information is effectively managed through maintenance of disaster prevention information related systems, obtaining domainality by disaster prevention work, improvement of the ability to judge the situation, obtaining comprehensive and feedback function etc, it is considered to significantly contribute to reducing natural disasters.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

Large-scale industrial boilers operating at high temperature and high pressure, have a large amount of water, and a large amount of energy is released at the time of explosion. Currently, most industrial boilers use gas fuel such as LNG and LPG, etc. and fuel exists in the same space as equipment, so there is a high possibility of secondary damage such as fire or explosion in the event of a boiler accident. Both special care and management are required to operate the very dangerous equipment that causes casualty 2.51 per accident. For boilers of a certain size or more, the Korea Energy Agency conducts inspections in accordance with the Energy Usage Rationalization Act, KS, and public notice of the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Resources. In this research, based on the results of the inspection, the hazard factorss are configured, and a questionnaire is conducted to the inspector, the equipment manager, the maintenance person, and the person in charge of the manufacturer. We analyzed the results by using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). As a result of analysis, generally recognized hazard factorss are not good management, measurement failure, specification failure, water leak, leak analysis, but connection, welding, scale, and corrosion, etc. are relatively less important. It is judged that the adverse factors that are recognized to be highly important among all groups and careers are already well managed, but less important and adverse factors should be well managed to ensure that the safe usage of the boiler.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.125-137
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• 2021

The number of CCTV installed in Korea is over 1.3 million, increasing by more than 15% annually. However, due to the limited budget compared to the installation demand, the infrastructure is composed of 500,000 pixel low-quality CCTV, and there is a limits on identification of objects in the video. Public CCTV has high utility in various fields such as crime prevention, traffic information collection (control), facility management, and fire prevention. Especially, since installed in high height, it works as its role in solving diverse crime and is in increasing trend. However, the current public CCTV field is operated with potential problems such as inability to identify due to environmental factors such as fog, snow, and rain, and the low-quality of collected images due to the installation of low-quality CCTV. Therefore, in this study, in order to remove the typical low-quality elements of public CCTV, the method of attenuating scattered light in the image caused by dust, water droplets, fog, etc and algorithm application method which uses deep-learning algorithm to improve input video into videos over quality over 4K are suggested.