• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the post-traumatic stress experiences of firefighters and paramedics. Methods: The participants were 20 fire fighters and paramedics who belong to the Busan Fire Department. Data were collected through in-depth, unstructured audio-taped interviews by the investigator over a six-month period. The participants were asked to describe their post-traumatic stress. The data were analyzed according to Giorgi's method for phenomenological analysis. Results: The interview data were organized by theme into 7 categories that emerged from the analysis. Participants faced various post-traumatic stresses working as fire fighters or paramedics. The categories were suffering from disastrous situations, feeling of fear and helplessness in the face of death, re-experiencing vividly the past traumatic situation, avoiding painful reminders of the trauma, emotional numbing as time passes, suffering from emotional arousal and increased anxiety, and struggling to cope with the post-traumatic stress. Conclusion: This study provides a better understanding of post-traumatic stress experiences from fire fighters and paramedics and the knowledge gained from this study will help in developing appropriate post-traumatic stress management programs.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.380-385
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• 2017

Maritime accidents caused by a ship include collisions, sinking, stranding and fire etc. This study is intending to consider fire accidents among such diverse marine accidents. It is much likely that various sorts of fires break out because crews are living in a narrow space for long periods of time consequent on the ship's characteristic of sailing on the sea. This study carried out a simulation through the special program for fire analysis - FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) in order to find the effective evacuation time, i.e. life survival time. Particularly, this study did comparative analysis of the influence on the survival of cadets based on the collected simulation data by fire size and sort. As a result of the analysis, It was analyzed the Evacuation Allowable Limit Temperature $60^{\circ}C$ and resulted that there is no influence in evacuation by temperature. In case of visibility analysis, it reached to 5m which is the Evacuation Allowable Limit at 117 seconds under the condition of wood fire in 1MW. When there is Kerosene in 1MW, it took 92.4 seconds to reach by 5m which is the Evacuation Allowable Limit. Theoretical evacuation time for the non-tilted ship was 118.8 seconds in 1MW sized fire so it is shown that the most passengers are met the evacuation safety in case of wood fire. However, the majority of passengers could not be ensured the evacuation safety in Kerosene case.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.138-146
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• 2003

This paper deals with the experimental results that apply to a new wire by an artificial flame-maker because it's difficult to directly analyze the characteristic of deterioration by a forest fire. Those results include tension load, extension rate and torsion number for a conductor. In addition, there's been an experiment and analysis about the mechanical characteristics of the wire of ACSR 480$\textrm{mm}^2$ which was removed from Pohang area by a forest fire. Then, the database will be made to predict the state of deteriorated wires by a forest fire using those two data, and data necessary to diagnose the life state of an ACSR wire affected by a forest fire will be given.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of psychosocial wellbeing status and self leadership with job satisfaction of fire officers. The effects of these variables on job satisfaction were also examined. Methods: The study design was a descriptive, correlational design. For this study, data were collected from 189 fire officers in B metropolitan city, K and Y cities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS 21.0 program. Results: The results showed that job satisfaction had a significant correlation with psychosocial wellbeing status (r=-.38, p<.001) and self leadership (r=.26, p<.001). Psychosocial wellbeing status had a significant correlation with self leadership(r=-.47, p<.001). Multiple regression analysis for job satisfaction revealed that the most powerful predictor was psychosocial wellbeing status followed by self leadership. Pychosocial wellbeing status, self leadership, age, marital status and current job task career explained 25.0% of the variance in job satisfaction. Conclusion: Findings indicate that various factors are related to the job satisfaction of fire officers. Based on the results of this study, further development and application of programs to improve fire officers' job satisfaction are needed.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.634-638
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• 2015

Four major social safety indexes including industrial accident, traffic accident, fire, and violent crime were selected, and transition of those values by time series data analysis since 2003 was presented. Comparing with the 2003 figure, the index of industrial accident was reduced by 27.8%, which was the most improved safety index. The indicators describing the traffic accident and violent crime rate were reduced by approximately 12%. However, the fire safety index showed an increase of 40% compared with the base year because national fire classification system was changed so that minor fire is also included in the counting since 2006.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.392-403
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• 1997

There is a strong international move towards performance based fire regulations for buildings with New Zealand and Australia at the forefront of research in this fold. The reform of regulations is thought to offer more innovation and flexibility in building design and greater cost effectiveness in construction. An important part of the research in this area is related to the development of agreed approaches to fire safety design, such as the Fire Code Reform Centre's "Fire Engineering Guidelines" or New Zealand's "Fire Engineering Design Guide". Such design process documents have incorporated or referenced much of the latest research in areas such as: tenability criteria fire compartment models egress models risk assessment. Use of such design guidelines or equivalents in major projects in countries such as Hong Kong and Australia have highlighted where fro engineering can offer real benefits to building designers and ultimately building owners and operators. However, there is still much research to be done and use of a systematic, logical design approach clearly identifies where design data or modelling techniques are still urgently required. Such areas are: fire growth rates and peak heat release rates for non-residential occupancies pre-movement times related to egress experimental validation and limits of applicability of CFD and other compartment Ire models probability/reliability data on fire protection systems for risk based analysis. Examples from case studies will be shown where lack of such research and poor judgement can lead to inferior design solutions or where unnecessarily conservative designs can lead to cost excesses. In summary, the link between Ire engineering designers and the research community is very important to highlight areas of fire research that will have the most benefit to the building and construction industry.nstruction industry.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.185-197
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• 2014

Ventilation and fire safety design in road tunnels are one of the most complex issues that need to be carefully considered and analysed in the designing stage of any potential upgrade of ventilation and other fire safety systems in tunnels. Placement road tunnels space has an important influence on fire safety, especially when considering the effect of adverse wind conditions that significantly influence ventilation characteristics. The appropriate analysis of fire and smoke control is almost impossible without the use of modern simulation tools (e.g., CFD) due to a large number of influential parameters and consequently extensive data. The impact of the strong wind is briefly presented in this paper in the case of a longitudinally ventilated road tunnel Kastelec, which is exposed to various severe wind conditions that significantly influence its fire safety. The possibility of using CFD simulations in the analysis of the tunnel placement in space terms negative effect of wind influence on the tunnel ventilation is clearly indicated.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.240-250
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• 1997

Liquid sodium is widely used as a coolant of LMR(Liquid Metal Reactor) because of its physical and nuclear properties. However, the liquid sodium is very chemically reactive with oxygen and water so that the study on the sodium fire plays an important role in the LMR safety analysis. In this study, a sodium fire model is suggested to analyze the sodium pool fire where both the flame and the reaction products are considered. And also, sodium pool fire analysis computer code, SOPA, is developed. The sensitivity study on the experimental parameters such as the thermal radiation from flame to atmospheric gas, the vessel cooling and the duration of sodium spill was performed. The results showed good agreements with experimental data in the literature.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.219-228
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• 2022

This study examined the relationship between the number of forest fires and days with no rainfall based on the national forest fire statistics data of the Korea Forest Service and meteorological data from the Open MET Data Portal of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA; data.kma.go.kr) for the last 30 years (1991-2021). As for the trend in precipitation amount and non-rainfall days, the rainfall and the days with rainfall decreased in 2010 compared to those in 1990s. In terms of the number of forest fires that occurred in February-May accounted for 75% of the total number of forest fires, followed by 29% in April and 25% in March. In 2000s, the total number of forest fires was 5,226, indicating the highest forest fire activity. To analyze the relationship between regional distribution of non-rainfall periods (days) and number of forest fires, the non-rainfall period was categorized into five groups (0 days, 1-10 days, 11-20 days, 21-30 days, and 31 days or longer). During the spring fire danger season, the number of forest fires was the largest when the non-rainfall period was 11-20 days; during the autumn fire precaution period, the number of forest fires was the largest when the non-rainfall period was 1-10 days, 11-20 days, and 21-30 days, showing differences in the duration of forest fire occurrence by region. The 30-year trend indicated that large forest fires occurred only between February and May, and in terms of the relationship with the non-rainfall period groups, large fires occurred when the non-rainfall period was 1-10 days. This signifies that in spring season, the dry period continued throughout the country, indicating that even a short duration of consecutive non-rainfall days poses a high risk of large forest fires.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.218-219
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• 2020

The risk of a fire in a building is closely related to the usage of the building. In particular, all fires that occur in a building are not risky to safety of human life, and it is associated with the combustion area and the increase of total floor area of the building. Therefore, this study focused on safety of human life in terms of the statistics of fire with considering the aspect of growing fires and analyzed the statistical data of fire for 10 years. As for the analysis on fire, the time of occurrence by usages of buildings, frequency of occurrence and the ratio of casualties etc. were analyzed. It is expected that results of this study could be used for evaluations on a variety of parts in terms of design, construction and maintenance of buildings.