• Korean Journal of Hazardous Materials
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2015

In early 2011, the Fukushima nuclear power plant had greater damage due to earthquake in Japan, and the awareness of safety has increased. In particular, special response systems should be required to handle disaster situations in plant sites which are likely to occur for large disasters. In this study, a program is designed to set up optimum escape routes, by a smart phone application, when a disaster situation occurs. This program could get information of the cumulative damage from sensors and display the escape route of the smallest damage in real-time on the screen. Utilizing our application in real-time evacuation has advantage in reducing cumulative damage. The optimal evacuation route, focusing on horizontal path, is calculated based on getting the data of fire, detected radioactivity and hazardous gas. Thus, using our application provides information of optimal evacuation to people who even can not hear sensor alarms or do not know geography, without requiring additional costs except fixed sensors or server network deployment cost. As a result, being informed of real-time escape route, the user could behave rapidly with suitable response to individual situation resulting in improved evacuation than simply reacting to existing warning alarms.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.107-114
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• 2012

Fire detection system is used for detection and alarm-generation of danger in case of fire. Most fire detection systems being used these days often malfunction from false positive and false negative errors. To improve detection reliability, an integrated fire detection algorithm using multi-senor information of heat, smoke and carbon monoxide detectors is suggested, then built and tested using the LabVIEW environment. Simulated using sensor measurement data offered by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), possibility of reducing false positive and false negative errors is verified.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.201-206
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• 2023

Background: Despite workplaces having policies on fire evacuation, many employees still fail to evacuate when there is a fire alarm. The Reasoned Action Approach is designed to reveal the beliefs underlying people's behavioral decisions and thus suggests causal determinants to be addressed with interventions designed to facilitate behavior. This study is a uses a Reasoned Action Approach salient belief elicitation to identify university employees' perceived advantages/disadvantages, approvers/disapprovers, and facilitators/barriers toward them leaving the office building immediately the next time they hear a fire alarm at work. Methods: Employees at a large public United States Midwestern university completed an online cross-sectional survey. A descriptive analysis of the demographic and background variables was completed, and a six-step inductive content analysis of the open-ended responses was conducted to identify beliefs about leaving during a fire alarm. Results: Regarding consequence, participants perceived that immediately leaving during a fire alarm at work had more disadvantages than advantages, such as low risk perception. Regarding referents, supervisors and coworkers were significant approvers with intention to leave immediately. None of the perceived advantages were significant with intention. Participants listed access and risk perception as significant circumstances with the intention to evacuate immediately. Conclusion: Norms and risk perceptions are key determinants that may influence employees to evacuate immediately during a fire alarm at work. Normative-based and attitude-based interventions may prove effective in increasing the fire safety practices of employees.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

This paper describes a design and implementation of an analog detector and a fire alarm system with recent technology on information and communication. A hierarchical architecture design from the detector to the main system enables to accommodate medium to large size buildings located nearby or far-away. And a software design from communication protocol to application program handles large amount of events efficiently to show information on a large LCD. A PC-based alarm system provides higher speed and larger capacity in a large LCD screen compared with foreign microprocessor-based small screen systems. Thus, very large buildings with several thousands of analog detectors can be easily covered in a single system. When an alarm occurs, a staff alarm scenario specially attempted only in the system is considered to play a major role to distinguish a real fire from unwanted alarms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.159-160
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• 2019

It would be very important to localize people at risk as soon as possible in order to minimize the damage. Generally the infrastructure should be deployed additionally for indoor positioning system. In this paper, we proposed an indoor localization system for people at risk using the existing fire alarm networks. The system detects the signal of smart devices of people in danger immediately and let the main alarm controller ring all alarms in vessel and display the position. Thus, the proposed system can make the burden much less to deploy additional network and infrastructure.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.153-160
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• 2009

This study aims to review the propagation characteristics of fire alarm sound in building through computer simulation. In order to achieve this goal, the sound power level of existing three different emergency alarms were measured in an anechoic chamber. Sound power level of alarm bell was 98.6dB and electronic-siren speaker was 95.7dB, and electronic-siren phon was 101.8dB at the voltage of DC 24V in the condition of anechoic chamber. As the results of acoustic simulation, it was shown that sound levels at the corridor of the building were relatively high and even. But, there were large difference in sound level at all the frequency bands between corridor and lecture rooms. This mean that alarm sound couldn't be recognized sometimes in lecture rooms. Through the computer simulation, the propagation characteristics of fire alarm sound could be forecasted and compared due to plans of buildings.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.468-474
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a method to implement a real-time fire alarm system using deep learning. The deep learning image dataset for fire alarms acquired 1,500 sheets through the Internet. If various images acquired in a daily environment are learned as they are, there is a disadvantage that the learning accuracy is not high. In this paper, we propose a fire image data expansion method to improve learning accuracy. The data augmentation method learned a total of 2,100 sheets by adding 600 pieces of learning data using brightness control, blurring, and flame photo synthesis. The expanded data using the flame image synthesis method had a great influence on the accuracy improvement. A real-time fire detection system is a system that detects fires by applying deep learning to image data and transmits notifications to users. An app was developed to detect fires by analyzing images in real time using a model custom-learned from the YOLO V4 TINY model suitable for the Edge AI system and to inform users of the results. Approximately 10% accuracy improvement can be obtained compared to conventional methods when using the proposed data.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

Recent research on stand-alone focused on the improvement and development of functions for solving problems such as the limited operating time of stand-alone installed at dwelling and their low reliability caused by false alarms, but it is more urgent to study on the operating range of stand-alone sensor in consideration of the impacts of combustion products on residents because the primary goal of fire safety is minimizing casualties. This study purposed to propose the optimized operating range of stand-alone sensor in consideration of the impacts of combustion products on residents. For this purpose, we made a mathematical approach to the change of temperature over the lapse of time in compartment fires similar to house fires, and established the standards of the body's response against heat and smoke based on literature review. In addition, we surveyed domestic and foreign technological standards for stand-alone sensor, and converted them to standards for residents of the body's response against heat and smoke using mathematical model equations and analyzed them comparatively.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.25-34
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• 2018

This study investigated the development of a fire alarm system with evacuation lighting and voice alarm functions. The performance of a fire detector and system with independently built-in evacuation lighting and voice alarm functions was confirmed for early recognition of fire and to allow visibility of the evacuation route in the event of fire. This new system satisfied model recognition and product testing technological standards with 1.62 lx average illumination, 89.7 dB average sound and 86.1 dB average voice. From additionally testing the evacuation performance of this new system, it was confirmed that the evacuation time decreased by 63.08% to 67.82% under the experimental conditions compared to conventional systems. The new system can minimize fire damage by setting off voice alarms to prevent failure of fire recognition and by flashing emergency lighting to secure the minimum required visibility range for evacuation. Therefore, it is considered that it will be utilized as a fire alarm system with appropriateness and usefulness by considering people with hearing or visual impairment.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.217-224
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• 2022

Today, with the development of technology and industry, fire accidents in special buildings are increasing as special buildings increase. However, despite the rapid development of information and communication technology, human casualties are steadily occurring due to the underdeveloped and ineffective indoor fire alarm system. In this study, we confirmed that the existing indoor fire alarm system using acoustic alarm could not deliver a sufficiently large alarm to the in-room personnel. To improve this, we designed and implemented a fire alarm system using edge computing and beacons. The proposed improved fire alarm system consists of terminal sensor nodes, edge nodes, a user application, and a server. The terminal sensor nodes collect indoor environment data and send it to the edge node, and the edge node monitors whether a fire occurs through the transmitted sensor value. In addition, the edge node continuously generate beacon signals to collect information of smart devices with user applications installed within the signal range, store them in a server database, and send application push-type fire alarms to all in-room personnel based on the collected user information. As a result of conducting a signal valid range measurement experiment in a university building with dense lecture rooms, it was confirmed that device information was normally collected within the beacon signal range of the edge node and a fire alarm was quickly sent to specific users. Through this, it was confirmed that the "blind spot problem of the alarm" was solved by flexibly collecting information of visitors that changes time to time and sending the alarm to a smart device very adjacent to the people. In addition, through the analysis of the experimental results, a plan to effectively apply the proposed fire alarm system according to the characteristics of the indoor space was proposed.