• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2016

This study compared evacuation effectiveness between the conventional school floor plan and a suggested hypothetical floor plan that was generated by a mathematical model that is commonly applied in the field of industrial engineering. Recent school buildings became much more complicated in floor planning due to the new educational system and modern curriculum than the old days. Nevertheless, architect's approach to floor composition in terms of fire emergency evacuation planning, still has no relation to optimized effective but relies more on a conventional school planning. Therefore, since elementary school buildings are much more likely to be exposed to any fire related events than middle school or high-school, emergency exit effectiveness based on spatial composition has to be seriously evaluated with a scientific method. The algorithm, which acquires the number of persons in each spatial type (node) per floor and the minimum physical distance between spatial types (arc), can propose the most optimized spatial compositing per floor regarding emergency evacuation event. Consequently, this study evaluated elementary school's fire exit effectiveness with the scientific tool and suggested the most reliable spatial composition per floor regarding possibile emergency evacuation event.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2013

사회적으로 안전에 대한 국민의 욕구가 높아지고 있고, 이에 대한 국가서비스 중 하나로 신속한 긴급자동차의 출동서비스가 절실한 실정이다. 긴급자동차는 신속한 출동 및 현장 도착이 중요하나, 도시 내의 도로사정으로 인해 출동지연 상황이 자주 발생하고 있으며, 이로 인하여 적절한 대응서비스를 받지 못하고 피해를 입는 국민들이 발생하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 교량 및 터널 통과시의 통행 장애에 대한 해결책을 제시하기 위하여 외국의 활용사례를 조사하고, 이를 통하여 긴급자동차의 원활한 통행을 위한 급행지원시스템의 구상 및 방법을 제안하고 있다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2009

The Railroad Safety Act was implemented in 2005 due to the increased concerns regarding railroad safety since the Daegu subway fire in 2003. In line with this, the Act became a standard to build the total railroad safety systems which has been overlooked compared to the quantitative growth of the railroad business. The minister of the ministry of Land, Transportation and Maritime Affairs lays down the Act for railroad Companies to conduct emergency programs in response to the emergency occurring on the railroad such as fire, explosion, derailment, etc. By enacting the Safety Act, the nation's construction of the contingency management system for railroad emergency increased", and it made the railroad company prepare the Emergency SOP by establishing 'The guideline on the Establishment of the railroad Emergency Plan' in order to support the efficiency of the Act. In line with this, I would like to analyze a matter of system development and the main function of the "railroad Emergency Training Program" for activation improvement of standardized operation procedure developed through the 'Total capitalize Safety Technology development'.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2016

구급 신고 전화를 받는 상황요원의 신속하고 정확한 신고자 상태 파악과 적확한 조치 판단을 돕고, 정확한 다중출동을 위한 한국형 응급상황관제 시스템의 음성인식 시스템의 자동적인 처리를 지원하기 위하여 실제 구급 신고 전화의 음성 자료 분석을 통해 한국어의 응급 증상 표현 목록을 작성하고 실제 신고전화에 나타난 증상 언어표현의 특징을 파악하였다. 이러한 언어 목록과 특성들은 일선 현장의 상황요원의 교육에도 유용할 것이다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.63-76
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• 2024

Purpose: To analyze trends related to demography and EMS and to provide supporting data for the appropriate deployment of EMS providers. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data on patients transported by 119 EMS, demographics, and EMS factors were collected using the Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS) and the National Fire Agency annual report from 2017 to 2021. Results: During the study period, the total number of patients and those with severe disorders transported via 119 EMS showed an increasing trend. The total fertility rate and population during the same period tended to decrease, and the population density and number of households increased; however, there was a disparity between regions. The main demographic factors affecting the number of patients transported were population density and total fertility rate, while the main EMS factors were the number of ambulances and provision of emergency medical information services(hospital guidance, pharmacy information, and first aid guidance). Conclusion: From the perspective of EMS providers' force deployment, it is necessary to consider population density, population, number of households, total fertility rate, and number of emergency medical institutions and to strengthen the role of diverting the use of 119 EMS by minor patients by providing emergency medical information.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2024

Recent years have seen a notable increase in fire incidents in university cafeterias, yet the social attention to these occurrences remains limited. Despite quick responses to these incidents preventing loss of life, the need for large-scale evacuation in such high foot traffic areas can cause significant disruptions, economic losses, and panic among students. The potential for stampedes and unpredictable damage during inadequate evacuations underscores the importance of fire safety and evacuation research in these settings. Previous studies have explored evacuation models in various university environments, emphasizing the influence of environmental conditions, personal characteristics, and behavioral patterns on evacuation efficiency. However, research specifically focusing on university cafeterias is scarce. This paper addresses this gap by employing Pathfinder software to analyze fire spread and evacuation safety in a university cafeteria. Pathfinder, an advanced emergency evacuation assessment system, offers realistic 3D simulations, crucial for intuitive and scientific evacuation analysis. The studied cafeteria, encompassing three floors and various functional areas, often exceeds a capacity of 1500 people, primarily students, during peak times. The study includes constructing a model of the cafeteria in Pathfinder and analyzing evacuation scenarios under different fire outbreak conditions on each floor. The paper sets standard safe evacuation criteria (ASET > RSET) and formulates three distinct evacuation scenarios, considering different fire outbreak locations and initial evacuation times on each floor. The simulation results reveal the impact of the fire's location and the evacuation preparation time on the overall evacuation process, highlighting that fires on higher floors or longer evacuation preparation times tend to reduce overall evacuation time.In conclusion, the study emphasizes a multifaceted approach to improve evacuation safety and efficiency in educational settings. Recommendations include expanding staircase widths, optimizing evacuation routes, conducting regular drills, strengthening command during evacuations, and upgrading emergency facilities. The use of information and communication technology for managing emergencies is also suggested. These measures collectively form a comprehensive framework for ensuring safety in educational institutions during fire emergencies.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the disaster response competencies of 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Methods: The subjects of this study were 226 119 EMT's at the fire station located in G province. The questionnaire consisted of 5 sub-factors and 29 items for measuring disaster response competencies and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS program. Results: Disaster response competency comprising immediate response, patient triage, patient treatment, patient transport, and collaboration support were 3.48, 3.64, 3.52, 3.64, and 3.16, respectively. Advanced EMTs scored significantly higher in patient triage (p<.001), treatment (p<.001), and transport (p=.022) competency than basic EMTs. Conclusion: In order to improve disaster response competency, it is necessary not only to enhance individual ability but also to continue disaster management training with related organizations.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.711-721
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• 2005

In order to design of emergency ventilation systems, the smoke movements in tunnel fire with natural and forced ventilation were investigated. Reduced-scale experiments were carried out under the Froude scaling with novel fire source consisting many wicks. Temperature profiles were measured under the ceiling and vertical direction along the center of the tunnel and poisonous gases were measured at emergency exit point in the natural ventilation case. In forced ventilation, temperature profiles were measured with various flow rate to obtain critical velocity. The results showed that the interval of emergency exit having 225m was estimated reasonably through the measurements of temperature variation and poisonous gas in the natural ventilation. In the case of forced ventilation, the temperature distribution near fire source is remarkably different from that of natural ventilation. Also, the critical velocity to prevent upstream smoke flow has the range of 0.57m/s between 0.64m/s. Finally, it was also identified that although the increase of flow rate can suppress the backward flow of smoke to upstream direction, brings about the increase of flame intensity near stoichiometric fuel/air ratio.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.135-146
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• 2019

Purpose: The aims of this study were to identify the relationships among alcohol level, impact of event, occupational stress, and distress disclosure and to determine the influences on alcohol level among fire officials. Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional, descriptive study were 241 fire officials. Data were collected from June 2018 to July 2018 using self-reported questionnaires and were analyzed using IBM SPSS 22.0 software (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: The results revealed significant positive relationships between alcohol level and impact of event, and impact of event and occupational stress, and a negative relationships between occupational stress and distress disclosure. Regression analysis revealed that alcohol level accounted for 9.2% of the variance by gender, and impact of event(e.g., sleep problems and emotional numbness). Conclusion: These findings provide information that can be used in the development of mental health promotion programs for fire officials.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2014

This study is performed to determine the priorites of the evaluation factors for the improvement of fire emergency medical service by increasing it's efficiency to protect the people's lives effectively, and by recognizing it's mid-long term development. Based on the output of the analysis, the critical evaluation factors of the fire emergency medical services to be improved shall be identified, and shall be intended to use strategically for increasing the efficiency of all the activity in the EMT service, and also for providing the basic date to product and manage the good quality services. To calculate the priority of the evaluation factor for each level as shown on this study, AHP(anaysis hierarchy process) with pairwise comparison method is applied. According to the priority analysis for the evaluation factors in main category (evaluation zone), 'medical service professional aspect' is recognized as highest one, and 'service infrastructure aspect', 'service management aspect' are indicated in order. According to the priority analysis for the evaluation factors in evaluation index, 'professional personal arrangement' in the service infrastructure aspect, 'appropriateness and timeliness of emergency medical care' in the medical service professional aspect, and 'clinical training' in the service management aspect are respectively recognized as most important factors.