• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.3-10
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• 2008

The Korean traditional architecture has developed by adapting to the natural environment, and has successfully created a comfortable indoor settings by using the surrounding natural resources. This is reflected in the building layout, space design and even materials. Our traditional wooden windows adjusting ambient temperature and humidity have both the functions of window and door, although they are clearly divided in the West. The opening and closing method of our traditional windows is similar and their dimensions are shown not to be standardized but diverse in terms of the characteristic of wooden furniture and that of components placed between columns. Thus this study aims to research the sound insulation and absorption performance of traditional windows to be varied with thickness, finishing method of window paper and thickness of air layer. Despite increase of the thickness of window paper, sound absorption was reduced, and the same result was shown when both sides of the structure were finished with thick window paper. The sound insulation performance of the windows could be evaluated to be inappropriate with $R_w$ 0 ~ $R_w$ 14.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

Vernacular perspectives had been ignored in the movement of modern architecture. This study's purpose was to review vernacular perspectives and to identify vernacular characteristics of earth architecture. Six representative contemporary earth architects were selected, and then their works were analyzed. Themes of vernacular architecture based of Frampton's critical regionalism were emerged. Findings were as following: 1) constructed by considering the local climate and the region's natural characteristics, 2) constructed with local materials seeking integration of structure and finishing work, 3) having tectonic form included regional characteristics, 4) creating space of various senses and expression of texture through earth modeling, 5) presenting homogeneity of sense of place between site and architecture, and 6) pursuing ecological and sustainable architecture. These characteristics of contemporary earth architecture reflect the vernacular architecture inherited continually in architectural history. Therefore, contemporary earth architecture has been in line with contemporary architecture aiming for sustainability.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.25-30
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• 2008

In order to examine the availability of a heating process for persimmon dyeing, the cotton fabrics treated with various concentrations of persimmon extracts were heated at various temperatures and times. The raw and fermented persimmon extracts were used for the coloration. For both extracts, the color strength of fabrics was. increased with the increase of coloration temperature, time, and concentration of the extracts. Considering the practical aspects. and color strength, the temperature around $200^{\curc}C$ and the time longer than 60 minutes can be determined as the. optimum coloration conditions of persimmon extracts onto cotton fabrics. However, somewhat loss of strength by the hearing process seems to be inevitable. The color fastness to washing was excellent for both color change and staining showing a rating of 5.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

In this study, the influence of pre-treatment(bleaching, mercerization by liquid ammonia and caustic soda) on cotton fabrics were investigated on dyeing Rubia cordifolia extracts. Aluminium Sulfate, Iron(Ⅱ) Sulfate Heptahydrate, Copper(Ⅱ) Sulfate Pentahydrate, Tin(Ⅱ) Sulfate, Manganese(Ⅱ) Chloride Tetrahydrate were used as mordanting agents. K/S value and washing fastnesses of the dyed cotton fabrics pretreated under different conditions were investigated. The K/S values were increased in the order of bleaching, liquid ammonia and mercerization pre-treatment. It was found that the pre-treatment conditions did not significantly affect the color change. The colorfastness to washing of most of all dyed fabrics were over grade 4 regardless of pre-treatment condition.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.13-23
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the expression method according to the planning of townhouse and the healing method that affects residents for communicating with natural environment, in order to propose resident-focused communication with nature for healing. The results are as follows. First, the expression of nature elements can be divided into 'direct' and 'indirect' and healing effects through nature can be divided into 'body' and 'psychology'. The healing method of residents through nature was classified into physical and psychological healing through openness, familiarity, comfort, and stability. Second, as an expression method according to townhouse planning, the arrangement plan induced active communication with nature through the arrangement according to topography and a common garden. In terms of construction plan, a bigger window or door than that of other residential spaces was installed on a wall, ceiling or opening to directly bring the nature of outside visually for more communication. Third, with regard to healing methods of townhouse, 'openness' which reduces depression and increases self-esteem, expands the view of residents. 'Familiarity', the healing method that can relieve the fatigue of eyes and bring psychological warmth and comfort, makes us feel familiar through the pattern and texture of woods and stones that are natural materials. 'Comfort' which heals residents by creating an outside space and bringing the nature elements through a huge window can provide psychological healing such as eased tension in daily life as well as physical healing such as vitamin D synthesis and the recovery of physiological function. Also, 'Stability' gives a comfortable feeling by applying the colors of finishing materials inside or seeing the colors of surrounding nature as it is through big windows. Finally, in order to support the results of this study more objectively, a follow-up study conducting a survey on the residents of townhouse is needed.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2020

To overcome the harmful effects caused by conventional oxidative hair dyes, natural colorants becomes more popular in the hair dyeing. By extracting Sagassum fusiforme powders with aqueous alkaline solution as a solvent at 130℃ for 60 minutes, a fucoxanthin concentration of up to 216㎍/ml can be obtained. UV/Vis analysis was used to prove the presence of fucoxanthin in the extract powder. A K/S value of 23.8 can be obtained when wool fabrics were dyed with the extract at 120℃ for 60 minutes under pH 2. The color fastness properties of the dyed wool fabrics were very good as indicated by rating 4 for laundering(color change), rating 3 or higher for rubbing, and rating 5 for light irradiation. The dyed wool fabric was found to have antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the Sagassum fusiforme extract can be an effective functional hair colorant. Hair dyeing with the extract formulation at 45℃ for 40 minutes under pH 5 accomplished a K/S value of 8.9. The color fastness of the dyed hair showed rating 3 against light irradiation, which increased to rating 5 with after-mordanting of tannin acid.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.552-559
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• 2008

Recent days, various inner wears, sheets and interior goods are manufactured using materials dyed with loess emphasizing its improved blood circulation, metabolism, anti-bacterial, deodorizing properties, and far-infrared ray emissions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of chitosan treatment on the dyeing of cotton fabric using loess as colorants. Particle size of loess, the morphology and dyeability(K/S) of chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics, and washing durability of loess dyed cotton fabric were investigated. In this study, cotton fabrics were treated with a crosslinking agent, epichlorohydrin, in the presence of chitosan to improve the dyeing properties of cotton fabrics with natural dye by the chemical linking of chitosan to the cellulose structure. This process was applied by means of the conventional mercerizing process. The results obtained were as follows; Mean average diameter of loess was $1.13{\mu}m$. According to various conditions, the optimum dyeing conditions for cotton fabrics pretreated by 1% chitosan treatment was where 10%(owb) of loess was applied at $90^{\circ}C$ for 120minutes, while for cotton fabrics without chitosan treatment was where 15%(owb) of loess was applied at $90^{\circ}C$ for 150minutes. Overall, K/S value of loess dyed cotton fabric pretreated with 1% chitosan was higher than that of cotton fabrics without chitosan treatment. The Color fastness, washing fastness and light fastness of loess were excellent as 4-5grade.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.133-140
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• 2008

This study is purposed to understand the usage of the color and the material pattern in detail and to apply for interior architecture. Many documents have prescribed the color and the pattern at random. While the usage of the color and the materials was ignored rather than architectural form, the importance of the color and the materials stands out in modern interior space. The villa, the weekend home of the Savoye family, was built between 1928 and 1931. Particularly, the villa Savoye was focused for this study. Le Corbusier viewed case pieces for storage and wall partition for division as architecture, and he units furniture and architecture by developing partition that could be painted either the wall color to become part of the wall or in contrasting colors to stand out as wall partition. He loved white and lie believed in using it for interiors, but noted that it should also be balanced with a wall related polychromy. Color became an integral part of white structure of the villa savoye that was raised on stilt with an exterior wall at the base painted green as a visual connection with the lawn. Color was used architecturally in the interior as well, with white walls interrupted by planes of pink, blue and red ocher and it gives the space an unexpected playfulness with tile color of the finishing materials. the various usage of the color and material patterns constitute an element of great architectural richness. They have a unique principle based on emotional order and make the man move to another space and experience the spacial connection.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.671-677
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• 2021

The present study aims to investigate the influence of the water to binder ratio of finishing mortar on the floor impact sound of apartments. For this, same resilient materials Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) with constant dynamic stiffness and different mortar layers with 52 %, 66 % and 72 % water to binder ratio respectively were used to build floating floor structures on which floor impact sounds were measured in standard testing facilities. As a result, it was found that light-weight floor impact sound was transmitted well when the water to binder ratio was 52% due to the high density. In case of heavy-weight floor impact sounds, since water to binder ratio of finishing mortar becomes higher as the weight of upper layer of resilient material lighter, it was shown that the natural frequency of floating floor structure moves to 63 Hz bandwidth which eventually cause a higher sound pressure level of floor impact sound. Thus, effect of water to binder ratio of mortar on the heavy-weight floor impact sounds was investigated.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to develop eco-friendly, functional towel material utilizing cotton-Modal-chitosan blended(C-M-CH) yarn and natural dyeing with mugwort colorants. Dyeing properties of towels with mugwort colorants were studied by investigating the effect of dyeing conditions including concentration of mugwort colorants, dyeing temperature, and dyeing time, and the effects of mordants on dye uptakes were investigated. The C-M-CH towel showed better dye uptake than 100% cotton towel with mugwort colorants. The shade of towels got darker and red-yellowish tint increased by mordanting. Comparing with 100% cotton towel, the colorfastness of dyed C-M-CH towel was satisfactory showing above 3 grade which is the lowest grade to washing fastness. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and deodorization performance of towels were excellent and improved by dyeing with mugwort colorants. From the results obtained, it is concluded that the cotton-Modal-chitosan blended towel dyed with mugwort colorants can be used practically for an eco-friendly and multi-functional towel materials with excellent absorbance and drying properties.