• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.546-550
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• 2012

Background This study was designed to introduce the feasibility of toe tissue transfer without venous outflow for fingertip reconstruction. Methods Five cases of fingertip defects were treated successfully with this method. Four cases were traumatic fingertip defects, and one case was a hook-nail deformity. The lateral pulp of a great toe or medioinferior portion of a second toe was used as the donor site. An arterial pedicle was dissected only within the digit and anastomosis was performed within 2 cm around the defect margin. The digital nerve was repaired simultaneously. No additional dissection of the dorsal or volar pulp vein was performed in either the donor or recipient sites. Other surgical procedures were performed following conventional techniques. Postoperative venous congestion was monitored with pulp temperature, color, and degree of tissue oxygen saturation. Venous congestion was decompressed with a needle-puncture method intermittently, but did not require continuous external bleeding for salvage. Results Venous congestion was observed in all the flaps, but improved within 3 or 4 days postoperatively. The flap size was from $1.5{\times}1.5cm^2$ to $2.0{\times}3.0cm^2$. The mean surgical time was 2 hours and 20 minutes. A needle puncture was carried out every 2 hours during the first postoperative day, and then every 4 hours thereafter. The amount of blood loss during each puncture procedure was less than 0.2 mL. In the long-term follow-up, no flap atrophy was observed. Conclusions When used properly, the free toe tissue transfer without venous anastomosis method can be a treatment option for small defects on the fingertip area.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.478-484
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose new algorithm for positioning of mouse cursor using fingertip direction on kinect depth camera. The proposed algorithm uses center of parm points from distance transform when fingertip point toward screen. Otherwise, algorithm use fingertip points. After image preprocessing, the center of parm points is calculated from distance transform results. If the direction of the finger towards the camera becomes close to the distance between the fingertip point and center of parm point, it is possible to improve the accuracy of positioning by using the center of parm point. After remove arm on image, the fingertip points is obtained by using a pixel on the long distance from the center of the image. To calculate accuracy of mouse positioning, we selected any 5 points. Also, we calculated error rate between reference points and mouse points by performed 500 times. The error rate results could be confirmed the accuracy of our algorithm indicated an average error rate of less than 11%.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 2009

Purpose: Recently, replantation of fingertip amputation, Zone I by Yamano classification, is still difficult because digital arteries branch into small arteries and also digital veins are hard to separate from the immobile soft tissue. However the replantation of fingertip in adults is a well-established procedure, but the replantation in infant or child is still uncommon. Therefore we present one case of replantation of the fingertip of the small finger in 12-months-old patient. Methods: We experienced a 12-months-old male amputation of small finger. It had been amputated completely at the level of Zone I by Yamano classification. Replantation was performed using the arteryonly technique with neither vein nor nerve repair. Because the artery has been damaged, it is still possible to make a direct suture by transposing the arterial arch in an inverted Y to I arterial configuration. Venous drainage was provided by an external bleeding method with partial nail excision and repaired margin for approximately 7 days. Results: We were performed replantation in infant with only-arterial anastomosis successfully, result in good recovery of aesthetic and functional outcome. Conclusion: In conclusion, although fingertip injury was difficult to replantation in infant and child, we must try it. Because of its functional and cosmetic advantage.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.289-297
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• 2014

Although big-sized markers are good for accurate marker recognition and tracking, they are easily occluded by other objects and deteriorate natural visualization and level of immersion during user interaction in AR environments. In this paper, we propose an approach to exploiting the use of rectangular markers to support tangible AR interaction based on fingertip touch using small-sized markers. It basically adjusts the length, width, and interior area of rectangular markers to make them more suitably fit to longish objects like fingers. It also utilizes convex polygons to resolve the partial occlusion of a marker and properly enlarges the pattern area of a marker while adjusting its size without deteriorating the quality of marker detection. We obtained encouraging results from users that the approach can provide better natural visualization and higher level of immersion, and be accurate and tangible enough to support a pseudo feeling of touching virtual products with human hands or fingertips during design evaluation of digital handheld products.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 1998

Reverse digital artery flaps were performed successfully to resurface the fingertip defect in 13 patients as noninnervated pattern and in 12 patients as innervated pattern from March 1993 to February 1996. No loss of flap in this series was noted. Refinements in flap design and surgical technique resulted in favourable functional and ethetic results. The average two-point discrimination of the reconstructed fingertip was 7.2mm and 4.5mm in the noninnervated and innervated flaps, respectively. This flap is an one of the ideal and reliable option for reconstruction of fingertip defects.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1992.10b
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• pp.370-375
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• 1992

An algorithm for the notion planning of the robotic hand is proposed to generate finite displacements and changes in orientation of objects by considering sliding effects between the fingertips and the object at contact points. Specifically, an optimization problem is firstly solved to find minimum contact forces and minimum joint velocities to impart a desired motion to the object at each time step. Then the instantaneous relative velocity at the contact point is found by determining velocities of the fingertip and the velocity of the object at the contact point. Finally time derivatives of the surface variables and contact angle of the fingertip and the object at the present time step is computed using the Montana's contact equation to find the contact parameters of the fingertip and the object at the next time step. To show the validity of the proposed algorithm, a numerical example is illustrated by employing the robotic hand manipulating a sphere with three fingers each of which has four joints.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.65-75
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• 2013

This paper proposes a method of tracking the hand region and detecting the fingertip using only depth images. In order to eliminate the influence of lighting conditions and obtain information quickly and stably, this paper proposes a tracking method that relies only on depth information, as well as a method of using region growing to identify errors that can occur during the tracking process and a method of detecting the fingertip that can be applied for the recognition of various gestures. First, the closest point of approach is identified through the process of transferring the center point in order to locate the tracking point, and the region is grown from that point to detect the hand region and boundary line. Next, the ratio of the invalid boundary, obtained by means of region growing, is used to calculate the validity of the tracking region and thereby judge whether the tracking is normal. If tracking is normal, the contour line is extracted from the detected hand region and the curvature and RANSAC and Convex-Hull are used to detect the fingertip. Lastly, quantitative and qualitative analyses are performed to verify the performance in various situations and prove the efficiency of the proposed algorithm for tracking and detecting the fingertip.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.851-859
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• 2002

This paper discusses the design of a working system that visually recognizes hand gestures for the control of a window based user interface. We present a method for tracking the fingertip of the index finger using a single camera. Our method is based on CAMSHIFT algorithm and performs better than the CAMSHIFT algorithm in that it tracks well particular hand poses used in the system in complex backgrounds. We describe how the location of the fingertip is mapped to a location on the monitor, and how it Is both necessary and possible to smooth the path of the fingertip location using a physical model of a mouse pointer. Our method is able to track in real time, yet not absorb a major share of computational resources. The performance of our system shows a great promise that we will be able to use this methodology to control computers in near future.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2007

Introduction: Microsurgical replantation of amputated digit have become common procedure in recent years. However replantation of fingertip amputation, Zone I by Yamano classification, is still difficult because digital arteries branch into small arteries and also digital veins are hard to separate from the immobile soft tissue. So, fingertip amputation was covered by volar V-Y flap, composite graft, cross finger flap and groin flap. But patients who have been treated by these methods experience shortening of digit, nail deformity, excessive tenderness and persistent pain. Replantation could solve most of these problems. Material & Methods: In our department, from March 2004 to August 2007, 36 digits in 32 patients with complete amputation at distal to nail base were replanted using a microsurgical technique. Results: The overall survival rate of the replanted finger was 75%. Venous anastomosis was possible in 8 cases and impossible in 28 cases. In latter cases external bleeding technique was applied with medical leech. Conclusion: After replantation, a few patient complained decreased sensibility, nail deformity and cold intolerance. But most of patients were satisfied with the functional and cosmetic appearance of the viable replanted digits. We believe the replantation should be the first choice in fingertip amputation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2020

Background Conventional methods of external bleeding for congested fingertip replants exhibit notable problems, including uncontrollable bleeding and unpredictable survival of the replant. We have added a local injection of heparin calcium to the routine use of systemic heparinization for inducing external bleeding. We retrospectively examined patients who underwent external bleeding using our method. Methods Local subcutaneous injections of heparin calcium were made in 15 congested replants in addition to systemic heparinization. Each injection ranged from 500 to 5,000 U. The average duration of the injections was 4.1 days. Surgical outcomes were analyzed and compared with a control group of patients who underwent external bleeding without heparin calcium. Results The overall survival rate was 93.3%, which was higher than that of the control group (83.3%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.569). The survival rate for subzones I and II by the Ishikawa subzone classification was 100%, whereas it was 87.5% in subzones III and IV. No statistically significant difference was observed. The rate of partial necrosis was 0% in subzones I and II, whereas it was significantly higher (66.7%) in subzones III and IV (P=0.015). The mean total blood loss via external bleeding was 588 g in 10 fingers. No patients required blood transfusion. Conclusions Congestion of a replanted fingertip can be successfully managed without blood transfusion by our method. Although complete relief from congestion in replants in subzones I and II is achievable, there is a higher risk of partial necrosis in subzones III and IV.