• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.79-90
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• 2018

A wide range of challenges and obstacles still exist for "mumpreneurs" in creating or developing their business ventures. It is important to investigate the factors regarding why many mothers choose to become self-employed and partially abandon the benefits offered by traditional employment. This study focus on the individual, but an implied positive relationship also exits between motivational factors and mumpreneurs in Korea. Thus, four factors in this study - push, pull, environmental, and financial factor - raise the practical implications regarding the motivational factors of women entrepreneurial challenges in Korea. This study's findings also consider the nature and changes of Korean mumpreneurs' motivational factors, their challenges, and attitudes as business owners in Korean labor markets. This study's findings suggest that a combination of push and pull factors could similarly trigger new business ownership. The empirical contrast in such variables as motivations or barriers to mumpreneurship, in realities provide a superior understanding of women's tendency or willingness toward business creation, as they struggle to survive in the Korean labor market. They tend to start their own businesses to gain more responsibilities in both work and their families, and want to manage their own lives to contribute as capable members of society. Therefore, any Korean mother, regardless of any industry-specific experience, wants to use entrepreneurship as a shortcut to satisfy her need for self-fulfillment. The general motivational factors for becoming a mumpreneur exist among both external and internal situations. The circumstances beyond their control, such as job termination or unemployment, compel these mothers into the workforce due to their responsibility toward their families, but they simultaneously dream of self-achievement and development. Most mumpreneurs in Korea also want to demonstrate their potential and achieve societal recognition as well as increase in property.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.427-435
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• 2017

Korea's overseas construction awards reached US $750 bn for more than 50 years since it first entered the market in 1966. In particular, the company won US $540 bn over 10 years from 2007, achieving 72% of the total contracts. However, in recent two years, awarded amounts have decreased by 40% each year. The most significant decline is due to the impact of international oil prices, which have plummeted since end of 2014, as oil-producing nations, which are Korea's major target countries, are struggling to cancel or postpone infrastructure orders. In order to lessen the impact of raw material price fluctuations, the recent trend is that even countries with relatively loose government financing conditions are rapidly changing their ordering methods to investment development forms such as PPP. The Korean government and companies have been already preparing for this for several years, but they are still not doing so well. The main reason is the lack of understanding about the investment development type project, especially financing methods and the aggravated fear of exposing it to various risks due to the characteristics of the development project, which takes a long time to collect the investment. In this paper, I propose a more systematic solution to financial process and risk management, which is recognized as a obstructive factor for Korean companies, in line with the recent government-led establishment of overseas infrastructure development support organizations. I would like to serve as a investment guide.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.155-174
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• 2008

This paper proposed several activation strategies at both the government and company parts for the development of domestic third party logistics(TPL) to pull electronic trade era much earlier. In the government side, it must need to arrange and integrate complex regulation rules on the Logistics for more smooth access and use the TPL market. Also, it has to provide multiple support policies such as tax reduction, technical and financial service providing, and logistics information system to TPL. Finally, it should construct the government levels education system to train and forster a competent man who is well qualified as a electronic and logiscic expert. The TPL company must build up a total logistics information system concerned with an innovative operation system such as SCM, JIT etc. which can provide logistic services on demand to the electronic trade customers to maximize consumer satisfaction. In the shipper company level, it try to join a long-term strategic alliance with TPL to reduce logistic cost and increase logistic service to its electronic trade consumers.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.463-474
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• 2016

As IT environment has changed, paths of information security in financial environment which is based on IT have become more diverse and damage caused by information leakage has been more serious. Among security incidents, personal information leakage incident is liable to give the greatest damage. Personal information leakage incident is more serious than any other types of information leakage incidents in that it may lead to secondary damage. The purpose of this study is to find how much personal information leakage incident influences corporate value by analyzing 21 cases of personal information leakage incident for the last 15 years 1,899 listing firm through case research method and inferring investors' response of to personal information leakage incident surveying a change in transaction before and after personal information leakage incident. This study made a quantitative analysis of what influence personal information leakage incident has on outcome of investment by types of investors by classifying types of investors into foreign investors, private investors and institutional investors. This study is significant in that it helps improve awareness of importance of personal information security by providing data that personal information leakage incident can have a significant influence on outcome of investment as well as corporate value in Korea stock market.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.373-388
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• 2018

Recently, the importance of technological innovation has increased for securing competitiveness and for the survival of companies. On the other hand, obstacles that enterprises face during the course of technological innovation have diversified. Through prior studies, various innovation sources and government support systems are considered important factors in resolving these obstacles as well as securing technological innovation and competitiveness. However, these studies face criticism concerning various relationships between the influencing factors and the use of simple causal models. In this study, the effects on performance were analyzed based on a structural equation model. For analysis, 1,251 observed values were collected from the "2014 Korean Innovation Survey: Manufacturing Sector". Results found that obstacles to technological innovation in terms of fund, capacity and market promote the use of innovation sources and government support programs. On the other hand, various innovation sources and government support systems utilized by corporations have positively influenced technological innovation performance. As expected, among these obstacles, financial limitation had the greatest negative effect on innovation.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.157-174
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• 2013

A shipbroking is maritime service business, which is consist of market of freight, shipbuilding, sales & purchase and demolition for intermediation between customer and supplier. In this way, a shipbroking business has strong relationship with shipping industry and is also knowledge service business for creation additional value based on shipping, shipbuilding, financial and law etc. However, the research on the evaluation items and a method for shipbroking company were not carried out in previous research. In this paper, We defined evaluation items with three high level, six middle level and sixteen low level for evaluation of shipbroking service by expert's brainstorming and AHP(analytic hierarchy process) method. And also carried out survey to employees of shipbroking company as supplier and shipping company as customer. As a result of survey, result of service in high level, convenient of middle level and credibility of low level are evaluated highly, and also business credit rating, profit of customer, achievement of customer's object are considered to more important than others items. In case of comparison between group, a method of contact with client, problem-solving ability, good relationship with clients of international and domestic evaluated importantly in common.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.545-571
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• 2016

The development of ICT brings a big change in manufacturing industries, and new information technology such as IoT, AR, and big data was applied on manufacturing process. As a result, the concept of smart factory has been introduced as a new manufacturing paradigm. In fact advanced countries like USA, Germany, and Japan have actively introduced smart factory in their manufacturing industries such as electronic, automobile, machinery, to improve production efficiency and quality. The manufacturing environment has been changed into flexible system, so that smart factory will be leading future manufacturing industries. Thes changes have more severe influence on Korean manufacturing industries. Mny industrial companies, have a strong interest in smart factory and they, particularly big enterprises, have been adopting smart factory to increase their manufacturing efficiencies. However, Korean small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have many financial and technological difficulties so that the diffusion of smart factory in Korean SMEs has not been satisfiable up to present. However, smart factory is very important for enhancing their competitiveness in global market. Therefore, this study aims at identifying the standardization strategy of smart factory in so-called Korean 'roots industry' by presuming that the standardization will activate the diffusion of smart factory among Korean SMEs. For this purpose, first, this study examines the competitiveness of SMEs, especially in 'roots industry' and identifies the necessity of diffusion of smart factory among those SMEs. Second, based on the active review on the existing literature, this study identifies four factor groups that would influence the adoption or diffusion of standardized smart factory. They are technological, organizational, industrial and policy factors. Third, using those four factors, this study made two comprehensive case analyses on the adoption and diffusion of smart factory. These two companies belong to molding sector which is one of the important six sectors in 'root industry'. Finally, based on the theoretical and empirical analyse, this study suggests four strategies for activating the standardization of smart factory; international standardization, government-leading standardization, firm-leading standardization, and non-standardization.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.123-128
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• 2014

Purpose - The purpose of the study is to reexamine the price fairness as practiced by low cost airlines, as a consumer has to experience such inconveniences as inferior airport transportation, extra fees on in-flight meals, and non-negotiable seats, and consumers evaluate such experiences keeping in mind their total costs. This evaluation includes price fairness and allows a reasonable and overall consideration of factors of low cost airlines. It tries to set up a measurement of the indicators consumers' perceptions of price fairness academically as it adapts price fairness to airline services which are renowned for price volatility. Research design, data, and methodology - The research proposes an alternative pricing strategy for the long term profit of low cost airlines after going over conflicts between the traditional theory of consumers' price perception mechanism and flexible fair policy of low cost airlines. It was meaningful when it relates to the early stage of the business, while it enhances the risks relating to the long term survival of low cost airlines. In addition, it is significant as it highlights the negative influences on consumers' perceptions of price fairness, as low cost airlines run on extremely low cost perspectives. Results - The results of the research provide insight into four perspectives, as consumers' perceptions of price fairness are influenced by the frequency and range of price changes and services. The first perspective is that it would lead to positive price evaluation when a low cost airline cuts prices frequently with little changes than one big change. It also would lead to the same result when it comes to necessary services. The second perspective is that one big increase of price would rather undermine the negative aspects of price changes than those of several smaller ones. The third perspective is that additional services would be good to consumers' perceptions of price fairness as compared to discount benefits with respect to the cost. Finally, a low cost airline should consider that consumers will change airlines or defer their flight schedule if the flight fares increase beyond their limits. Conclusions - Low cost airlines should reconsider their pricing policies for services that were provided free earlier. A consumer would not like discount benefits when made to pay for services that were, for long, free of charge. If a low cost airline can provide services with no charge, it should improve volumes if the costs are standardized and, moreover, should consider the charging fees. Alternatively, a consumer can choose between services and fair discount. Low cost airlines are implementing sales promotion strategies, as the competition is more intense than it used to be. In these days, they should regard services over sales promotion, as consumers may prefer to spend money on good premium services. Some differentiation in services could create a good market position for the airlines and, hence, good financial performance.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.25-34
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• 2012

Understanding customer' lifestyles important for banks because it will guide in determining marketing policies, such as services, pricing, service delivery and promotion decisions. From the customer' lifestyle, banks will know what kind of customers' attitudes, interests and opinions, so they also will understand what the costumer' needs and what services needed by them. For Islamic banks, customers understanding are important because, nowadays, the competition of the banks is not only with other Islamic banks but also with the well-established conventional banks offering Islamic products or services The aims of this research paper are to describe what factors underline the customer's lifestyle of both Islamic and conventional bank, to segment the bank customers based on their lifestyles and investigate the profile of each segments, to compare the characteristics of the segments, and to identify marketing policies based on the characteristics. The population of the study is banking customers in Indonesia, in which the researchers have used judgment sampling as sample selection. There were 186 customers of Islamic banks and 244 customers of conventional bank as respondents in this study. Statistical methods employed were exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis. The finding of the study shows that there are twelve factor underlining the customers' lifestyle, namely: factor of fashion conscious, internet usage, sports spectator, financial and technology optimism, price sensitivity, independent, compulsive housekeeper, new brand tryer community activities, opinion leader, credit usage, and homebody. In addition, for Islamic banking, there are two market segments, namely fashionable-independent and innovative-social segment. Based on the lifestyle characteristics, the first segment has higher level in factor of fashion conscious, homebody, independent, optimism and price conscious, which is therefore called fashionable-independent segment. On the other hand, the second cluster has higher level in factor of new brand tryer, community minded, sport spectator, credit user, internet usage, opinion leader, and compulsive housekeeper, which is therefore called the innovative-social segment. Furthermore, for conventional banking, there are also two segments, namely persuasive-optimistic and sensitive-independent segment. The first segment has higher level on some factors, namely: opinion leader, optimism, internet usage rate, credit usage level, sport spectator, and new brand tryer. On the other hand, the second cluster is characterized by higher level in factor of price conscious, confidence, community minded, homebody, fashion conscious, and compulsive housekeeper. Managerial implications for the management of Islamic banks could be identified in this study as follows. Firstly, the twelve lifestyle factors of this study could be an alternative view in observe Islamic banking customers. The domination of both the fashionable conscious and the internet usage factor show that the aspects are quite instrumental in perceiving the customer' lifestyles, in which reflects the importance of these two aspects to customers. Secondly, in serving their customers, Islamic banks need to understand the customer lifestyle, in which the lifestyle segments found in this study provide a guide of how their needs were reflected. Finally, by understanding the segments and the characteristics each segment of the conventional banks, Islamic banks could adjust their marketing strategies differently from the conventional banks.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.472-485
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze debt zeroing policy process of Yong-in city based on the Kingdon's Multiple Stream Framework in order to contribute to strengthening financial capacity and competitiveness of local governments. This study focused on the Yong-in case because the city had a local debt of about KRW 800 billion as of 2012, but it completed the debt repayment in early 2017. The results are as follows. First, policy problem streams are the perception of Yongin City's debt indicator, the failure of the LRT project, and the failure of sale of buildinglots of Yukbuk district. Second, in the political stream, there have been the election of new governors, cooperation of local administration and citizens like budget cut. Third, policy alternative streams are the reduction of large-scale investment projects, the expansion of revenues through the sale of idle shared properties, the increase of tax revenues, and the activation of light rail. As the each streams flowed independently, the window of policy change opened by the revitalization of the real estate market and the sale of buildinglots of Yukbuk distric and combined with other policy factors such as the activation of the light rail. In this process, the role of the policy entrepreneurs such as negotiation and persuasion of the related institutions influenced achieving tight fiscal policy. As a result of this policy output, Yongin City achieved zero debt. This study suggests that it is necessary not only the importance of the role of policy entrepreneurs but also of the administrative and citizen cooperation and the institutional complement such as a large scale of the investment review system.