• 산경연구논집
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.47-64
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• 2022

Purpose: This study's goal is to investigate how perceived risk of Japanese electronic product affect the negative emotion and the avoidance intentions. In addition, this is difference in the effect of perceived risk on negative emotions and avoidance intentions according to the presence or absence of substitutes. Research design, data and methodology: Perceived risks of Japan products are decided by four dimensions, they are economic risk, social risk, psychological risk and physical risk. The reach model is made by the theory of risk-avoid. We requested this survey to 5808 customers by panel and web site, received 559 replied. We used 528 questionnaires excluding unreliable data. For the analysis, smart PLS is used. Results: Psychological risk has influence on negative emotion and avoidance intension. Social risk and physical risk affected negative emotion, but did not directly affect avoidance intention. Economic risk affects avoidance intension, but it has no effect of negative emotion. The existence of Japanese products' substitute only effects the relationship of economic risk and avoidance intention. Conclusions: Korean consumers behavior their buying and using of Japan product as financial benefit and satisfaction, not only risk. It is suggested that Korean company should make and develop unique product with good price.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2006년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.295-300
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• 2006

본 연구는 우리 기업이 해외공사를 수행하기 위한 초기 계획과정 중 특성별 리스크 분석을 통한 현실적인 미래 현금흐름을 예측하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 건설 공사 현금흐름에 영향을 미치는 리스크를 해당 국가의 경제적 여건에 따른 재무적 리스크와 프로젝트 특성에 따라 내부적으로 발생할 수 있는 프로젝트 리스크로 구분하였으며, 각각의 발생 특성에 따라 적합한 현금흐름에의 적용방안을 제시하였다. 재무적 리스크는 리스크 자체의 변동성에 기초하므로 Monte-Carlo 시뮬레이션 기법을 사용하여 현금흐름의 변화폭을 예측하고 민감도 분석을 실시하였으며, 프로젝트 특성 리스크는 실무자의 주관적 판단에 따른 리스크 발생가능성을 체크리스트 형태로 예측한 후 이에 대한 관리자의 수용여부에 초점을 두었다. 이 과정에서 리스크 태도와 공사규모에 기초한 주요 관리대상 리스크를 선별하는 방안을 제시함으로써 리스크 발생에 대비하기 위한 예비비를 산정하는 공동적인 척도를 마련할 수 있다. 또한, 기존의 리스크 분석과정에서 발생확률과 피해금액에 의한 기대값을 사용하는 것에 대해 문제를 제기하고, 동계적 확률을 구하기 어려운 건설 프로젝트의 특성에 맞게 피해 예상금액을 현금흐름에 적용하는 방안을 제시함으로써 현실적인 현금흐름 예측을 가능케 하였다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2015

Background: Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are often the main pillar of an economy. Minor accidents, ergonomics problems, old and outdated machinery, and lack of awareness have created a need for implementation of safety practices in SMEs. Implementation of healthy working conditions creates positive impacts on economic and social development. Methods: In this study, a questionnaire was developed and administered to 30 randomly chosen SMEs in and around Mumbai, Maharashtra, and other states in India to evaluate safety practices implemented in their facilities. The study also looked into the barriers and drivers for technology innovation and suggestions were also received from the respondent SMEs for best practices on safety issues. Results: In some SMEs, risks associated with safety issues were increased whereas risks were decreased in others. Safety management practices are inadequate in most SMEs. Market competitiveness, better efficiency, less risk, and stringent laws were found to be most significant drivers; and financial constraints, lack of awareness, resistance to change, and lack of training for employees were found to be main barriers. Conclusion: Competition between SMEs was found to be major reason for implementation of safety practices in the SMEs. The major contribution of the study has been awareness building on safety issues in the SMEs that participated in the project.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.1205-1219
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• 2019

데이터 기반 경제시대에서 데이터 활용능력이 경쟁력이 됨에 따라 개인정보의 보호와 더불어 개인정보의 활용을 통한 경제적 부가가치를 창출하려는 노력이 함께 강조되고 있다. 이 가운데 등장한 EU의 PSD2(the second Payment Service Directive)는 정보 주체의 '정보이동권'을 근거로 개인의 자기결정권을 보장하면서 데이터의 활용과 유통을 촉진하는 마이데이터 정책으로 전 세계 오픈뱅킹 정책의 시초가 되고 있다. 이러한 추세에 따라 우리나라 정부도 국내 금융업권별 실정을 반영하여 마이데이터 정책을 적극적으로 추진하고 있다. 하지만, 마이데이터 정책으로 인해 금융정보의 유통 및 활용 범위가 커진 만큼 개인정보의 유출 및 오남용, 해킹 등 위험도 커진 것도 사실이다. 본 연구에서는 EU PSD2가 어떻게 국내 금융분야 마이데이터 정책에 반영되어 추진되고 있는지를 살펴본다. 그리고 국내 마이데이터 정책의 개인정보보호 위험 사항을 개인정보 생명 주기별로 나누어 식별한 후 이러한 위험에 대한 법적 기술적 대응책을 제시하고자 한다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2020

Purpose: The AEO (Authorized Economic Operator) program, created in 2001 in the United States due to 9.11 terrorist's attack, fundamentally changed the trade environment. Korea, which introduced AEO program in 2009, has become one of the world's top countries in the program by ranking 6th in the number of AEO certified companies and the world's No. 1 in MRA (Mutual Recognition Agreement) conclusions. In this paper, we examined what trade-economic and non-economic effects the AEO program and its MRA have in Korea. Research design, data and methodology: In this study we developed a model to verify the impact between utilization of AEO and trade-economic effects of the AEO and its MRA. After analyzing the validity and reliability of the model through Structural Equation Model we conducted a survey to request AEO companies to respond their experience on the effects of AEO program and MRA. As a result, 196 responses were received from 176 AEO companies and utilized in the analysis. Results: With regard to economic effects, the AEO program and the MRA have not been directly linked to financial performance, such as increased sales, increased export and import volumes, reduced management costs, and increased operating profit margins. However, it was analyzed that the positive effects of supply chain management were evident, such as strengthening self-security, monitoring and evaluating risks regularly, strengthening cooperation with trading companies, enhancing cargo tracking capabilities, and reducing the time required for export and import. Conclusions: When it comes to the trade-economic effects of AEO program and its MRA, AEO companies did not satisfy with direct effects, such as increased sales and volume of imports and exports, reduced logistics costs. However, non-economic effects, such as reduced time in customs clearance, freight tracking capability, enhanced security in supply chain are still appears to be big for them. In a rapidly changing trade environment the AEO and MRA are still useful. Therefore the government needs to encourage non-AEO companies to join the AEO program, expand MRA conclusion with AEO adopted countries especially developing ones and help AEO companies make good use of AEO and MRA.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2007

As economic trade between Korea and China has been encouraged with the rapid growth of Chinese economy and port competition in Northeast Asia, Korean government is trying to promote development and consolidation of ports to cope with the lack of facilities. Thus, many projects for port development have been propelled including the enactment the 'Private investment promotion law for social overhead capital 1994.' However, there are still some unsettled issues since considerable part of risk is still allocated to the Government when it has to support the private businesses in these port investments whenever unexpected problems arise. Allocation of risk among the participants - in this case especially - is a very subtle issue, however, it was revealed that not many precedent researches were done on the subject. In my previous research, I classified and analyzed 4 principle risks i.e, construction, management, financial and social risk. This research investigates the reasonable allocation of the risks among the participants using the Hierarchial Fuzzy Process. In the result of analysis, responsibility of private party is the most important and it must put the responsibility before Government' roll concerned. Also, this research displayed and proposed the direction of management method on port development in a view of minimizing risk and maximizing initiative of a private party.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1572-1581
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• 2011

Since 'The Act on Private Investment of The Infrastructure' was established in 1994, private investment as well as government's investment has been active on transport infrastructure. But investment of transport infrastructure has more risks than others due to overforecast of transport demand for ensuring project validity, and cost uncertainty arising from financial crisis, commodity prices and so on. In the case of Incheon international airport express, after 2 years and 6 months, Incheon international airport express is opened, Korail take over equity stake in private investor due to the problems of MRG(Minimum Revenue Guarantee) be contracted with private investor. Not only that, in other case of Yong-in light rail, it is ongoing for legal disputes between Yong-in local government and private investor on account of opening delaying. On current Investment Assessment System of Transport Infrastructure, Risk Management system on investment of transport infrastructure is inadequate because Sensitivity Analysis in economic efficiency have been performed on the simple method which only changes benefits, expense and social discount rate. For this reason, this study analyze risks for investment of transport infrastructure demand forecast, and rise to the management practice for every particular item.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.111-141
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• 2018

By the middle of 2018 there are signs of China's entry into a new period of development, characterized by a change in the old model: "market reforms-inner-party democratization - moderate foreign policy" to another: "market reforms - Xi Jinping personality cult - offensive foreign policy." This model contains the risks of arising of the contradiction between economic freedom and political-ideological rigidity which can lead to destabilization of the political life. However, in the current positive economic dynamics, these risks may come out, rather, in the medium and long term. Today, the political situation in China remains stable - despite growing dissatisfaction in scientific expert and educational circles due to increased control over the intellectual sphere by the authorities. The need for a new redistribution of power between central and provincial authorities could potentially disrupt political stability in the medium term, but, at the moment, is not a critical negative factor. The economic situation is positive-stable. Forecasts indicate a possible increase in China's GDP in 2018 at 6.5%. At the same time, there are negative expectations in connection with the Sino-US and potentially Sino-European "trade war". In the Chinese foreign policy, as a response to Western pressure, China increasingly uses the Russian direction of its diplomacy in the expanded version of Russia + SCO. The nuance here is seen in China's adjusted approach to the SCO: first of all, not as a mechanism for cooperation with Russia, but as an organization that allows using Russia's potential for pressure on the US in the Sino-US strategic rivalry. In the second half of 2018, the Chinese economy will continue to develop steadily, albeit with unresolved traditional problems (debts of provinces and state-owned enterprises, ineffective state sector, risks on the financial and real estate market). In politics, discontent with the cult of Xi will accumulate, but without real threats to its power. Weakening in economic opposition between China and the United States is possible due to Beijing's search for compromises on tariffs, intellectual property, trade deficit. To find such trade-offs, Xi will use the so-called. "Personal diplomacy" of direct contacts with Trump.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.291-311
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• 2007

전 세계적으로 금융시장에서는 예측할 수 없는 대형 사건들이 지속적으로 일어나고 있으며, 특히 보험시장의 경우에는 대재해성(catastrophe)손실 등을 포함한 극단적 사건에 대한 예측이 날이 갈수록 어려워지고 있는바 극단적 위험관리에 대한 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 극단적 위험관리에 있어 분포의 꼬리영역만을 분리하여 그 정보를 최대로 이용하는 방법이 필요한데, 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위해 극단치들의 움직임을 모형화 하는 소위 극단치 이론(Extreme Value Theory: EVT)을 이용하는 것이 요구된다. 극단치 이론은 현재 여러 분야에서 활용되고 있는데, 특히 금융시장에서는 극단적 변화가 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해서 극단치 이론을 이용한 금융위험분석을 실시하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 위험관리에 있어서 극단치 이론의 중요성을 검토하고 보험사의 위험자본에 초점을 맞추어 손실 발생의 극단적 위험을 측정하고 이에 대비한 위험자본의 적정규모를 측정하여 보았다.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.5-28
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• 2014

국제통상을 하는 기업은 위험 선호도에 따라 금융시장을 통해 외화자산 혹은 외화부채의 헷징(hedging)을 목적으로 파생금융상품을 쉽게 구매할 수 있다. 파생금융상품 시장은 투자와 헷지의 필요에 따라 급속도로 성장해왔다. 기업은 금융 파생금융상품을 통해 환위험 관리를 하면서 위험을 헷징한다. 기초자산을 헷징할 때는 환노출 완화전략으로 헷징이 효과적일 수 있다. 하지만 파생상품을 통한 이익에 대한 욕심과 예상치 못한 환율 변동이 발생할 때 기업에 상당한 위험을 초래할 수도 있다. 본 논문은 환위험을 다루는 파생상품에 내재된 구조적인 위험을 시스템다이내믹스 관점에서 분석하고 있다. 대표적인 파생금융상품인 KIKO는 구조적인 위험 요인 때문에 금융위기에 크나 큰 손실을 끼쳤다. 본 논문에서는 KIKO의 구조적 위험 요인을 모델링하고 실제 사례를 통해 검증하여 파생금융상품의 시스템 구조를 파악하고 내재되어 있는 구조적 위험을 밝혔다.