• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.51-71
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• 2005

As the living standards have been enhanced thanks to rapid to rapid economic growth following industrial progress, today the advancement of woman into specialized jobs keep expanding not only for economic purpose such as increasing family income but also due to changed perception on woman's role, i.e. self-realization. In the actual situations, however, women are generally placed in a inferior position compared with men in most jobs, despite existence of gender equality policy. Therefore, concern and study on female adaptation into job and their work attitude have become increasingly important, which can contribute to alleviating women's discontent in the work but to raising efficiency of job execution and improving work quality. In this treatise, I researched the job attitude of woman for the period of 1980 up to 2005, with interval of every 5 years. For empirical analysis, research has been done towards females teachers in elementary and middle schools as well as female works in financial institutions. Both job fields have comparatively high percentage of female employees and have less sexual discrimination. The purpose of this vertical research is (1) to find out how women workers perceive their job environment, (2) to analyze empirically the change in female job attitude and their flow of consciousness. Ultimately this treatise aimed at contributing to efficient management of female work force in our society.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.29-47
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• 2018

This paper examines the relationship between diversification and financial performance of community credit unions in Korea from 2011 to 2017. To do so, I employ fixed-effects panel analyses using credit union level panel data collected from the National Credit Union Federation of Korea. This study finds evidence that business diversification is likely to lower the ratio of troubled loans, which means improving asset quality of credit unions. However, the relationship between diversification and asset quality is not linear but nonlinear, which means over-diversification would have negative effects on asset quality. Next, diversification tends to increase profitability. Specifically, although diversification results in a rise in expenditures, an increase in profits made by diversification outweighs the rise in expenditures, which contributes to profitability. Put together, diversification would be a good business strategy to improve both profitability and asset quality. Given a result that fast loan growth deteriorates asset quality, credit unions' managers might adopt the diversification strategy to enhance asset quality, and not to pursue their own objectives motivated by moral hazards.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.39-50
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• 2018

This paper analyzes the existing transportation systems of Nigeria and Korea and proposes a new railway and roadway design for Nigerian cities. The research findings and feasibility study revealed that the state of Nigeria's transportation system was critical as was its market segment, infrastructural deficit and financial requirement needed to implement a smart transportation system. The dilapidation of the existing infrastructure coupled with poor maintenance culture and limited public transport services has hindered the economic growth of Nigeria and its cities. A case study of Korea and Japan shows some possible solutions to Nigeria transportation challenges. Analytical and descriptive methods were used to critically assess the infrastructural challenges, movement, and convenience. The study proposed the design of a new intercity railroad and roadway across Abuja, Enugu, Lagos and Port Harcourt cities. The proposed designs have been established to be an innovative solution with advanced benefits over the current system. The implementation of the proposed designs is estimated to cost about US$(77,832,027,719) across the study areas. Thus, the discussion, conclusion, and recommendations given present a proposal to the Nigerian government on the possibility of solving the Nigerian intercity railroad and roadway transportation challenges across Abuja, Enugu, Lagos and Port Harcourt cities through smart designs.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2018

With the constant growth of R&D investment, it has been increasingly necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of R&D performance and there is a high emphasis on ensuring the accountability and effectiveness of R&D programs. The evaluation of performance of a firm is especially necessary in times of economic downturn to justify R&D investment. However, there is a marked shortage of clear guidelines as to where and how particular metrics are used to measure the output and outcome of R&D activity in firms. Many firms have difficulties in selecting appropriate indicators for their R&D and financial performances. To fill this gap, this article discusses and presents the findings from the literature in such a way that they become useful for researchers or managers who are in charge of measuring the R&D and business performances arising from innovation activities. Finally, based on the findings about metrics of R&D performance, this article proposes the hypothetical framework to investigate the relationship between technology forecasting, strategic technology planning, and business performance. The framework of this article will assist policy makers, universities, research institutes/national laboratories, and companies to enhance their decision making process in technology development.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.119-137
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• 2018

Recently, the start-up firms have been under the spotlight because they can create many jobs and are regarded as the growth engine of a country in the fourth industrial revolution. Moreover, after the global financial debacle, many countries emphasize on an entrepreneurial spirit and venture firms. they also pay attention to the importance of educations to promote the start-up firms. In this work, based on technology acceptance model, we try to identify the main factors of accepting online start-up education system. We first defined this system as the online start-up education system which refers to a system to support learning for knowledge, experiences and overall process of start-up firms' tasks. This system also simulates tasks related with prep-entrepreneur so that can be regarded as a kind of decision support systems. As this system has some characteristics, we confirmed some factors of extended technology acceptance model. In our experiments, we find that the perceived ease of use and trust are main factors of acceptance for the online start-up education systems. These results mean that the system should be made to be easy and trustful for their users. Therefore, we expect that this work will be helpful to researchers and developers who consider start-up education systems and provide a way to activate founding start-up firms.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.287-292
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• 2021

The article analyzes the impact of capital structure on the firm value of chemical companies listed on the stock market of Vietnam. Data was collected from the financial statements of 23 chemical firms listed on the Vietnam stock market from 2012 to 2019. Quantitative research method with regression model according to OLS, FEM, REM method is used; FGLS method is used to overcome the model's defects. In this research, firm value (Tobin's Q) is a dependent variable. Capital structure (DA), Return on assets (ROA), Asset turnover (AT), fixed assets (TANG), Solvency (CR), Firm size (SZ), Firm Age (AGE), and revenue growth rate (GR) are independent variables in the study. The analysis results show that the capital structure of firms in the chemical industry listed on the Vietnam stock market has an inverse correlation with firm value. Besides, firms with greater asset turnover, business size, and number of years of operation have lower firm value. This article helps corporate executives improve corporate value by adjusting their capital structure properly. Chemical firms adjusted their capital structure in the direction of gradually decreasing the debt ratio and gradually increasing equity. Firms use high debt, which has the effect of reducing the firm value of firms in the chemical industry.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.403-411
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• 2021

This paper discusses the relationship between debt literacy, peer-to-peer lending, and over-indebtedness in Indonesia. It is essential because the number of loans on this platform continues to increase, both legal and illegal. Data was collected online in collaboration with commercial market research firms, JajakPendapat.net. Debt literacy and over-indebtedness were measured by self-assessment with questions from Lusardi and Tufano (2009a). Questions for debt literacy are about interest compounding, debt interest, and the application of time value of money in payment options. The question for over-indebtedness is about the amount of debt and the conditions resulting from that debt. By using descriptive methods, it is clear that the majority of respondents, both borrowers and non-peer-to-peer lending borrowers are debt illiterate, and those who have poor debt literacy have huge debt. Overall, only 1.85% of the respondents were debt literate. Those who live on the island of Java have better literacy because they are the center of economic growth in Indonesia. Debt from peer-to-peer (P2P) lending also has the potential to create problems, namely over-indebtedness. P2P lending borrowers also have very poor debt literacy. However, there is no difference in debt literacy between P2P lending borrowers and non-P2P lending borrowers.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2021

The capital structure is one of the hot financial topics among researchers and scholars. Its importance comes from the fact that capital structure is closely related to companies' ability to meet different stakeholders' needs. A suitable capital structure will boost the business and create a competitive advantage in the context of fierce competition. Many companies choose an optimal debt level based on the trade-off between interest and debt costs. This study aimed to test the existence of trade-off theory in capital structure, the case of Vietnam's real estate companies, which are growing very fast recently. Instead of considering constant optimal leverage to test the trade-off model, we take advantage of the dynamic capital structure determined by growth opportunities, profitability, tax incentives, tangibility, liquidity, and firm size. The dynamic panel data regression was estimated by the system Generalized Method of Moment (Sys-GMM). The empirical evidence showed that real estate companies listed in the Vietnamese stock market might change their leverage toward a target capital structure determined by influential factors in a long-term perspective. In particular, the debt-to-asset ratio will change by approximately 14 percent, positively, in response to the difference between the current debt-to-asset ratio and the dynamic target debt-to-asset ratio.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.479-486
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• 2021

This study aims to explore the relationships between strategic planning, strategic maneuverability, and firm performance in the current dynamic business environment. It employs a quantitative research method and reports on a survey, using a questionnaire, of service companies in Indonesia's oil and gas industry. Of the 337 companies selected by simple random sampling from a vendor database, responses were received from 70 companies. The analysis was performed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling and SmartPLS software. The analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, evaluation of the measurement model, evaluation of the structural model, and hypotheses testing. The results show that both strategic planning and strategic maneuverability have a positive relationship with firm performance. In addition, there is a positive relationship between strategic planning and firm performance through the mediating role of strategic maneuverability. The findings suggest that the organizational agility, organizational flexibility, and organizational responsiveness that constitute strategic maneuverability have a positive direct and indirect effect on firm performance, namely financial performance, customer performance, internal process performance, and learning and growth. This study contributes to the strategic management literature and the theory of maneuvers by providing empirical evidence on the relationship between strategic planning, strategic maneuverability, and firm performance.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.403-412
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• 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has a great impact in various ways. It changes the normal routine of lives and businesses. Many businesses encounter tremendous financial pressure, some of them lay off workers or choose to close down. According to the statistics, e-commerce experiences a four-fold growth in sales during the pandemic period. There is an urgency for firms to digitalize their businesses to respond to the change in the landscape of purchasing patterns of consumers. The purpose of this study is to understand the success of a few popular apparel brands in digital businesses. This is a qualitative research, and secondary data is collected for the analysis. The findings reveal that all of them engage in omni-channel methods in digitizing their businesses while utilizing other forms of technologies in their product and operational management. All selected firms agree with the importance of digital business, and omni-channel retailing is their choice. In these unprecedented times, the sustainable success of the apparel firms in digital businesses requires a flexible and innovative approach and a commitment to achieving operational excellence. Continuous renewal and digital transformation are needed so that these companies have the capabilities to adapt to changes and reap the benefits of a satisfactory organizational performance.