• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.223-235
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• 2010

As the funeral service is on ritual of addressing death that is the final phase of life, it can be said to be the final stage of welfare service. It is developing into the stage of make-up, which reproduces the image of reality or expresses with the better appearance from the level of recovery technique, which restores the final form of the dead. This is caused by a request of the bereaved family with the aim of remembering the dead's final image with good looks. Methods, which are being changed by period, can be found in a record. As this funeral make-up is one field of special make-up, it is systematically made into proper application method along with the development in special materials. Thus, it will become one of the most important courses henceforth in our funeral culture available for beautifully decorating the dead's final image. In order to satisfy the request of the bereaved family, it is necessary to made floral decoration, casket cloth, and acoustic effect including the casket stage of worshipping the dead inside the funeral hall.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.272-280
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• 1991

The effect of media feeding rate on cell growth and monoclonal antibody production in the fed-batch culture ot hybridoma A4W was studied. In the batch culture, the highest specific antibody production rate was observed at the begining of the culture period but its value tended to decrease rapidly with the culture time. The final antibody concentration and volumetric productivity was 65 $\mu g$/ml and 13 mg Mab/l/day, respectively. In the fed-batch culture, the specific antibody production rate, $q_p$ rebounded sharply within a few hours after the media feeding was started and it remained high until the end of culture if the media feeding was continued. The final antibody concentration was 220 $\mu g$/ml and the volumetric productivity was 45.1 mg/l/day. Further increase in final antibody concentration was achieved by applying a modified media of which component was fortified with glucose and glutamine, hence the final antibody concentration in this case was 270 $\mu g$/ml and the volumetric productivity was 51.8 mg/lday, which is as four tinlcs as high cuixparinf! to that of batch culture.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.33-40
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• 2012

To reduce the vulnerability of torsional irregular buildings caused by seismic loads, the torsional amplification factor was introduced by the seismic code. This factor has been applied differently in a variety of seismic codes. In this study, the final static eccentricity, and the lateral and torsional stiffness ratios of buildings designed with different design eccentricities were compared. The increment of the torsional amplification factor resulted in a decrement of the final static eccentricity of the building. However, after reaching the maximum value of this factor, the final static eccentricity of the building increased again. The final static eccentricity of the building designed by multiplying the sum of the inherent and accidental eccentricity by the torsional amplification factor was zero or had a minus value, depending to the position of the vertical element.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.113-120
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• 2015

Objective: This study compared occlusal contact areas of ideally planned set-up and accomplished final models against the initial in class I and II molar relationships at finishing. Methods: Evaluations were performed for 41 post-orthodontic treatment cases, of which 22 were clinically diagnosed as class I and the remainder were diagnosed as full cusp class II. Class I cases had four first premolars extracted, while class II cases had maxillary first premolars extracted. Occlusal contact areas were measured using a three-dimensional scanner and RapidForm 2004. Independent t-tests were used to validate comparison values between class I and II finishings. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare initial, set up, and final models. Results: Molars from cases in the class I finishing for the set-up model showed significantly greater contact areas than those from class II finishing (p < 0.05). The final model class I finishing showed significantly larger contact areas for the second molars (p < 0.05). The first molars of the class I finishing for the final model showed a tendency to have larger contact areas than those of class II finishing, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.078). Conclusions: In set-up models, posterior occlusal contact was better in class I than in class II finishing. In final models, class I finishing tended to have larger occlusal contact areas than class II finishing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1727-1734
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• 2008

After the final closure of sea dyke, seepage behaviour of embankment is highly changed by variation of water head different between tide wave and controlled water level at fresh lake. Especially, the seepage behaviour of bottom protection layer of final closure section is more important factor for structural and functional stability of sea dyke, because of the bottom protection layer of final closure section is penetrated sea side to fresh lake. Even though bottom protection layer was filled with dredged fine sand, it has a high permeability. In this paper, mainly described about the seepage velocity and borehole image of bottom protection layer filled with dredged sand after final closure. Various in-situ tests such as BIPS (Borehole Image Processing System) and ABI (Acoustic Borehole Imager) survey, wave velocity measuring, and color tracer survey were conducted to evaluate the seepage behavior of bottom protection layer. Based on the in-situ tests, the bottom protection layer of final closure section was almost filled with dredged sand which is slightly coarse grain sand and there have sea water flow by water head different between tide wave and controlled water level at fresh lake. Also, comply with tracer survey results, the sea water flow path was not exist or generated in the bottom protection layer. However, because of this result not only short term survey but also just one test borehole survey results, additional long term and other borehole tests are needed.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.89-99
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• 2010

In this paper, for polymerization of poly(vinyl acetate-co-ethylene) (VAE) by redox system using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) as emulsifier on the properties of the final emulsion, and pH changes affect the physical properties of the final emulsion was investigated. The results of the molecular weight of PVOH had a dramatic impact on the emulsion properties. The used a low molecular weight of PVOH products was obtained low viscosity and using the high molecular weight of PVOH were obtained high viscosity product. However, changing the pH of the final polymerized product properties for the PVOH obtained different results. Generally, a poly(vinyl acetate) emulsion by a high degree of polymerization and high molecular weight of PVOH was obtained high viscosity of the final emulsion. But, in VAE was lower emulsion viscosity in high pH. This is the molecular weight of the emulsion during the synthesis of PVOH is considered to be affected by degradation. The final viscosity was decreased by grafting ratio and molecular weight were decreased with increasing of pH.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2003

In this paper statistics on the radiation field waveforms produced by stepped leaders just prior to lightning return strokes were described. As a parameter of stepped leader pulse characteristics, the time interval between the final leader pulse and return stroke peak, the pause time between stepped leaders, the ratio of the final leader peak to the return stroke peak and the stepped leader pulse width at half maximum were examined. The average time intervals between the final leader pulse and return stroke peak were about 16.2 and 14.8$mutextrm{s}$ for the positive and negative polarities, respectively. When the stepped leader approaches closely to ground, the time interval between leader steps was decreased and the mean value was about 17$mutextrm{s}$, and the present results were in reasonable agreement with the data observed in Florida and Japan. The large fraction of the ratios of the final stepped leader pulse to the lightning return stroke peak were distributed over the range from 5 to 35% and in average the ratio of the final leader pulse to the return stroke peak was 17.4$\pm$11.9% for the positive and 18.5$\pm$9.4% for the negative electric field waveforms. In addition, the mean pulse widths at half maximum of the stepped leaders are 1.4Us with a standard deviation of 0.9 for the positive Polarity and 2.2us with a standard deviation of 1.2 for the negative polarity, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.76-84
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• 2021

In this study, an optimal stiffness model of the C-frame, which was supporting the mold and tool load, was proposed to obtain quality self-piercing riveting (SPR) joining. First, the load path acting on the C-frame structure was identified using topology optimization. Then, a final suggested model was proposed based on the load path results. Stiffness and strength analyses were performed for a rivet pressing force of 7.3 [t] to compare the design performance of the final proposed model with that of the initial model. Moreover, to examine the reliability of continuous and repeated processes, vibration analysis was performed and the dynamic stiffness of the final proposed model was reviewed. Additionally, fatigue analysis was performed to ascertain the fatigue characteristics due to simple repetitive loading. Finally, stiffness test was performed for the final proposed model to verify the analysis results. The obtained results differed from the analysis result by 2.9%. Consequently, the performance of the final proposed model was superior to that of the initial model with respect to not only the SPR fastening quality but also the reliability of continuous and repetitive processes.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was aimed to compare the survival and success rates, and long-term crestal bone loss according to the use of 2 connection types of dental implants (submerged-USII and non-submerged-SSII; Osstem $Implant^{(R)}$) by analyzing the change in alveolar bone height after 1 year under load and during final follow-up period. Materials and Methods: Between December 2004 and August 2008, patients with two types of Osstem implants (USII and SSII) were retrieved retrospectively. A total of 92 patients with 284 implants (USII=60, SSII=224) was finally selected. Their mean follow-up period was 7.5 years. The mesial and distal alveolar crestal bone changes were measured using radiographic images and the average was calculated at 1 year after loading and during final follow-up period. Result: Among the 284 implants, 4 USII and 7 SSII implants were removed, indicating 93.3% and 96.9% survival rates. Of the survived implants, mean crestal bone loss 1 year after loading was 0.39 mm for USII and 0.19 mm for SSII (P=0.018). During the final follow-up, mean crestal bone loss was 0.63 mm and 0.35 mm for USII and SSII, respectively, without statistical significance (P=0.092). According to the criteria for the success and failure of the implant by Albreksson and colleagues, final success rate was estimated as 86.7% for USII and 91.5% for SSII, respectively. Conclusion At 1 year after loading, the average crestal bone loss was significantly different between USII and SSII; however, both types met the criteria for implant success. During the final follow-up, both groups showed insignificant bone resorption patterns and did not show any pathological clinical symptoms. Therefore, both implants exhibited high long-term stability.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.637-646
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• 2022

In this paper the comparative study on the pronunciation of Vietnamese learners and Koreans for the Korean syllable final double consonants was performed. For many errors and the suggested teaching methods related to the pronunciation of the Korean syllable final double consonants that were investigated and analyzed through linguistic research the results of this study by using the analysis tools of speech signal processing were confirmed. Thus, we suggest the new educational method in this paper. Using SVM, which is widely used in machine learning of artificial intelligence the pronunciation of Vietnamese learners and that of Koreans were compared. Being able to obtain the decision hyperplane of the SVM means that Vietnamese learners' pronunciation of the Korean syllable final double consonants is quite different from that of Koreans. Otherwise their pronunciation are pretty similar each other. The new teaching method presented in this paper is not only composed of writing and listening but is included things such as the speech signal waveform in the time domain and its corresponding energy that can be visualized to the learners.