• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Best management practices are often implemented to control nonpoint source pollutants. Best management practices need to be simulated and analyzed for effective Best management practices implementations. Filter strip is one of effective Best management practices in agricultural areas. METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was selected to explore the effectiveness of filter strip to control total phosphorous in Golji watershed. Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was calibrated for flow and total phosphorous by Sequential Uncertainty Fittin ver.2 algorithm provided in Soil and Water Assessment Tool-Calibration and Uncertainty Procedures. Three scenarios defined by filter strip width were applied. The filter strip width of 5 m was able to reduce the most amount of total phosphorous. In other words, the total phosphorous reduction by filter strip of 5 m was 28.0%, while the reduction was 17.5% by filter strip of 1 m. However, the reduction per unit filter strip width were 17.4%, 8.0%, and 4.5% for 1 m, 3 m, and 5 m of filter strips, respectively. CONCLUSION: Best management practices need to be simulated and analyzed so that the BMP scenario can be cost-effective. A large size of BMP might be able to control large amount of pollutants, however it would not be indicated as a cost-effective strategy.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.2 s.175
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• pp.183-190
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• 2007

Soil layer in vegetation filter strip is one of the very important factor for reduction of non-point pollutants by physical, chemical and biological reactions of it through infiltration process. This study was carried out to prepare more effective vegetation filter strip through modification of soil layer for river water quality improvement. Therefore, the main aims of this study are to compare and evaluate normal (straighten type) and modified (step type) vegetation filter strip, which make artificially change the soil layer to improve infiltration ability, through bench scale experiments. In the results of this study, vegetation filter strip of step type is much more highly reduction effectiveness of pollutants in surface flow compared with normal vegetation filter strip. In case of below effluent, however, it appeared that the vegetation filter strip modified soil layer showed lower reduction effectiveness of pollutants than the general vegetation filter strip. This result was judged because effluent through the vegetation filter strip of step type passed bigger size of aggregate or sand than the vegetation filter strip of straighten type. If we compare it as a definition of pollutant load to estimate total amount of reduced pollutants by vegetation filter strip, reduced pollutants load by step type showed higher than those by straighten type because below effluent amount relied on total effluent amount was higher at step type (4%) than at straighten type (2%). In conclusion, the vegetation filter strip of step type to improve infiltration effect is much more reduction effectiveness of pollutants than vegetation filter strip of straighten type.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.473-479
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• 2008

Environment problem has been arising in many countries. Especially, soil erosion has been deemed as one of the biggest issues because sediment causes muddy water and pollutants, such as agricultural chemicals, flow in the stream with this sediment. Many studies, regarding soil loss and non-point source pollution from watershed, has been performed while serious problem has been known. Soil loss occurred in most agricultural area by rainfall and runoff. It makes hydraulic structure unstable, causes environmental economical problems because muddy water destroys ecosystem and causes intake water deterioration. As revealing serious effects of muddy water by sediment, many researches have been doing with various methods. Hydraulic structures establishments such as soil erosion control dams and grit chamber are common. Vegetative filter strip is investigated in this study because vegetative filter strip is designed for reducing sediment from upland areas of the watershed, and it has many functions, not only sediment reduction but also runoff water quality improvement and wildlife habitat. With these positive functions of the vegetative filter strip, the study about vegetative filter strip has been increasing for reducing sediment because it is more effective than hydraulic structures from an environmental perspective. But the sediment trapping efficiency by vegetative filter strip, needs to be investigated and designed first. Therefore the model, VFSMOD-W, was used in this study as it can estimate sediment trapping efficiency of vegetative filter strip under various field, vegetation, weather condition. Sensitive factors to sediment trapping efficiency are studied with VFSMOD-W, and sediment trapping efficiency equation has been derived using two most sensitive factors. It is thought that the equation suggested in this study can be used in Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), to overcome the limit of SWAT filter strip module, which is based solely on filter strip width.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.11c
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• pp.838-840
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• 1998

$BiNbO_4$ ceramics with 0.06wt% CuO, 0.1wt% $V_{2}O_{5}$ sintered at $900^{\circ}C$. The strip line chip filter has been design and fabricated by screen printing with silver electrode after tape casting. The characteristics of the fabricated filters were compared with the simulated results. In the strip line chip filter, insertion loss value of band pass width was 3.65[dB] and return loss was 8.9[dB] and center frequency was similar that simulation results.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.140-150
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate the effect of vegetation type, length of vegetative filter strip, and rainfall on trapping efficiency of the non-point source water pollution. Numerical experiments are carried out using VFSMOD-w. It is known from this study that the vegetation having the same value of revised Manning roughness coefficient shows the similar trapping efficiency in VFSMOD-w. When the length of vegetative filter strip increases twice, the trapping efficiency increases negligibly small under the same condition of rainfall. From this finding, it is also known that most of sediment are removed within a certain length of vegetative filter strips. It is concluded that the installation of vegetative filter strip is determined under the consideration of the rainfall characteristics, space of vegetation, and length of vegetative filter strip.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 1991

In order to simulate the ceramic filter in the state of the one-strip electrode, the theory has been analyzed and a computer program has been developed using the energy trapping effect. The ceramic filters were fabricated using the PZT-4 specimen. The necessary condition that the ceramic filter has the energy trapping effect is that the electroded portion frequency should be smaller than the unelectroded portion frequency when the wave number is zero. Each of the average differences of the resonant point and bandwidth between by the theoretical calculations and by experiment results was 5.6[%] and 3.72[%]. It is considered that the one-strip ceramic filter having a desired characteristics and the lowest difference can be fabricated easily by means of the simulation developed in this paper and the fabrication methods.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.217-221
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• 2016

In this work, open and short stubs that were fabricated on the silicon substrate and for which the periodically arrayed grounded-strip structure (PAGS) was employed were studied along with their basic RF characteristics for an applicability regarding the RF-matching components. The PAGS-employing open and short stubs showed losses that are much lower than that of the conventional stub on the silicon substrate. Concretely, the Q values of the open and short stubs are 9 and 10.2, respectively, while the Q value of the conventional open stub is 2.5. With the use of the PAGS-employing open and short stubs, a highly miniaturized harmonic-rejection filter was also fabricated on the silicon substrate. The filter exhibited a comparatively sound harmonic-suppression characteristic at n × 13 GHz, and its size is 0.1 mm², which is only 7% of the size of the conventional filter on the silicon substrate.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.83-90
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• 2001

Conventional SAW duplexer filters employ a 1/4 wavelength transmission line, which causes difficulty in fabrication of the strip line on the package. Its manufacturing process is also complicated, because it needs integrating process of the separate transmitting filter, receiving filter and isolation circuits. This paper concerns development of a new structure of the duplexer filter that has all the transmitting filter, the receiving filter and the isolation circuit as a one chip device. For composition of the duplexer, we design the component SAW ladder filters and the isolation network consisting of lumped inductor and capacitor elements. Performance of the whole duplexer is optimized by the nonlinear multivariable minimization of a proper target function, and the result is compared with that of commercial filters.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2014

Vegetative Filter Strip (VFS) is one of effective Best Management Practices (BMPs) to prevent sediment-laden water problem, is installed at the edge of source area such agricultural area so that sediment occurred in source area is trapped by VFS before it flow into stream or river. Appropriate scale of it needs to be simulated before it is installed, considering various field conditions. In this study, a model using VFSMOD-w model and Genetic Algorithm to determine effective VFS length was developed, it is available to calibrate input parameter related to source area sediment yield through thousands of VFSMOD-w simulations. Useful DBs, moreover, are stored in the model so that very specific input parameters can be used with reasonable values. Compared simulated values to observed data values for calibration, R2 and Nash-Stucliffe model efficiency coefficient were 0.74 and 0.65 in flow comparison, and 0.89 and 0.79 in sediment comparison. The model determined 1.0 m of Filter Length, 0.18 of Filter Slope, and 0.2 cm of Filter Media Spacing to reduce 80% of sediment by VFS. The model has not only Auto-Calibration module also DBs for specific input parameters, thus, the model is expected to be used for effective VFS scale.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.237-244
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• 2012

This paper studies the design of a two-DOF optimal controller for the strip gauge-tension of cold tandem mill processes, that uses a reference shaping filter and a disturbance observer. First, a mathematical model of the strip gauge and tension system is constructed using the gauge meter equation and Hooke's law, respectively. Next, a two-DOF controller considering of a feedforward controller and a feedback controller is designed. The former is based on the reference shaping filter and the disturbance observer, and the latter is based on the ILQ optimal control algorithm. Finally, it is shown through a computer simulation that the proposed optimal controller is able to improve the strip gauge accuracy and the tension variation more than the conventional MV-AGC controller.