• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.126-131
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• 2011

PURPOSE. The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the curing efficiency of various resin-based materials polymerized through ceramic restorations with 3 different thicknesses. Curing efficiency was evaluated by determining the surface microhardness (VHN) of the resin specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four kinds of resin materials were used. Z350 (3M ESPE $Filtek^{TM}$ Z350: A2 Shade), Z250 (3M ESPE $Filtek^{TM}$ Z250: A2 Shade) and $Variolink^{(R)}$ II (VL: Ivoclar vivadent, base: transparent) either with or without a self-curing catalyst (VLC: Ivoclar vivadent, catalyst: low viscosity/transparent) were filled into the silicone mold (10 mm diameter, 1 mm thick). They were cured through ceramic discs (IPS e.max Press MO-0 ingot ivoclar vivadent, 10 mm diameter, 0.5, 1 and 2 mm thicknesses) by LED light-curing units for 20 and 40 seconds. Vicker's microhardness numbers (VHNs) were measured on the bottom surfaces by a microhardness tester. Data were analyzed using a 3-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS. The thickness of ceramic disc increased, the VHNs of all four resin types were decreased (P<.05). The mean VHN values of the resins light cured for 40 seconds were significantly higher than that of LED for 20 seconds in all four resin materials (P<.05). VLC showed significantly higher VHN values than VL regardless of other conditions (P<.05). Z350 and Z250 showed higher values than VL or VLC (P<.01). CONCLUSION. Thinner ceramic disc with increased curing time resulted higher VHN values of all resin materials. The use of a catalyst produced a greater hardness with all polymerization methods. Restorative resin materials (Z350, Z250) showed higher VHN values than resin cement materials (VL, VLC).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2017

Objectives: This study assessed the effect of water storage on the flexural strength (FS) of low shrinkage composites. Materials and Methods: A total of 165 bar-shaped specimens ($2{\times}2{\times}25mm$) were fabricated of 2 low shrinkage composites (Filtek P90 [3M ESPE], GC Kalore [GC International]) and a conventional methacrylate-based composite (Filtek Z250 [3M ESPE]). The specimens were subjected to 3-point bending test at 6 time intervals, namely: immediately after curing, at 24 hours, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year following storage in wet and dry conditions. The FS of the specimens were measured by applying compressive load at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. Data was analyzed using 3-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. Results: Three-way ANOVA revealed significant interactions between time, type of composite, and storage condition (p = 0.001). Tukey's multiple comparison test revealed significant reductions in FS of all composites after 6 months and 1 year of storage in distilled water compared to dry condition. Conclusions: Filtek P90 showed the highest and GC Kalore showed the lowest FS after 1 year storage in distilled water. The immediate high strength of Filtek Z250 significantly decreased at 1 year and its final value was lower than that of Filtek P90.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.172-179
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of 38% carbamide peroxide on the microleakage of class V cavities restored with either a silorane-based composite or two methacrylate-based composites. Materials and Methods: A total of 96 class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of extracted human teeth with both enamel and dentin margins and were randomly assigned into three groups of Filtek P90 (3M-ESPE) + P90 system adhesive (3M-ESPE)(group A), Filtek Z250 (3M-ESPE) + Adper Prompt L-Pop (3M-ESPE)(group B) and Filtek Z350XT (3M-ESPE) + Adper Prompt L-Pop (group C). Half of the teeth were randomly underwent bleaching (38% carbamide peroxide, Day White, Discus Dental, applying for 15 min, twice a day for 14 day) while the remaining half (control) were not bleached. Dye penetration was measured following immersion in basic fuchsine. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests at a level of 0.05. Results: No significant differences were found between composites in the control groups in enamel (p = 0.171) or dentin (p = 0.094) margins. After bleaching, microleakage of Z250 (in enamel [p = 0.867] or dentin [p = 0.590] margins) and Z350 (in enamel [p = 0.445] or dentin [p = 0.591]margins) did not change significantly, but the microleakage of P90 significantly increased in both enamel (p = 0.042) and dentin (p = 0.002) margins. Conclusions: No significant differences were noted between the bleached and control subgroups of two methacrylate-based composites in enamel or dentin margins. Microleakage of silorane-based composite significantly increased after bleaching.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.39.1-39.12
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• 2021

Objectives: This study analyzed the physical-chemical behavior of 2 bulk fill resin composites (BFCs; Filtek Bulk Fill [FBF], and Tetric-N-Ceram Bulk Fill [TBF]) used in 2- and 4-mm increments and compared them with a conventional resin composite (Filtek Z250). Materials and Methods: Flexural strength and elastic modulus were evaluated by using a 3-point bending test. Knoop hardness was measured at depth areas 0-1, 1-2, 2-3, and 3-4 mm. The translucency parameter was measured using an optical spectrophotometer. Real-time polymerization kinetics was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results: Flexural strength was similar among the materials, while TBF showed lower elastic modulus (Z250: 6.6 ± 1.3, FBF: 6.4 ± 0.9, TBF: 4.3 ± 1.3). The hardness of Z250 was similar only between 0-1 mm and 1-2 mm. Both BFCs had similar hardness until 2-3 mm, and showed significant decreases at 3-4 mm (FBF: 33.45 ± 1.95 at 0-1 mm to 23.19 ± 4.32 at 3-4 mm, TBF: 23.17 ± 2.51 at 0-1 mm to 15.11 ± 1.94 at 3-4 mm). The BFCs showed higher translucency than Z250. The polymerization kinetics of all the materials were similar at 2-mm increments. At 4-mm, only TBF had a similar degree of conversion compared with 2 mm. Conclusions: The BFCs tested had similar performance compared to the conventional composite when used in up to 2-mm increments. When the increment was thicker, the BFCs were properly polymerized only up to 3 mm.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.37.1-37.10
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• 2019

Objectives: This study evaluated the bond strength of various fiberglass post cementation techniques using different resin-based composites. Materials and Methods: The roots from a total of 100 bovine incisors were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups: G1, post + Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP) + RelyX ARC luting agent; G2, relined post (Filtek Z250) + SBMP + RelyX ARC; G3, individualized post (Filtek Z250) + SBMP; G4, individualized post (Filtek Bulk-Fill) + SBMP; G5, individualized post (Filtek Bulk-Fill Flow) + SBMP. The samples were subjected to the push-out (n = 10) and pull-out (n = 10) bond strength tests. Data from the push-out bond strength test were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Bonferroni post hoc test, and data from the pull-out bond strength test were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA. Results: The data for push-out bond strength presented higher values for G2 and G5, mainly in the cervical and middle thirds, and the data from the apical third showed a lower mean push-out bond strength in all groups. No significant difference was noted for pull-out bond strength among all groups. The most frequent failure modes observed were adhesive failure between dentine and resin and mixed failure. Conclusions: Fiberglass post cementation using restorative and flowable bulk-fill composites with the individualization technique may be a promising alternative to existing methods of post cementation.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2009

본 연구는 광중합 충전 재료의 적층 방법에 따른 중합수축 양상을 스트레인 게이지를 이용하여 측정하고, 이를 응력으로 환산하여 치면에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 발거된 영구치 70개의 치경부에 가로 3 mm, 세로 3 mm, 높이 1.5 mm의 와동을 형성하고, 일회 충전, 수평 적층법, 사면적층법으로 나누어 수복 재료를 충전하였다. Plasma arc lamp(PAL)를 사용한 고출력 광중합기를 광원으로 사용하였으며, 수복 재료는 Filtek $Z-250^{(R)}$ 복합레진, $Dyract^{(R)}$ AP 컴포머 그리고 $Tetric^{(R)}$ Flow 유동성 복합레진을 사용하였다. 중합과정동안 스트레인 게이지를 이용하여 치면에 발생된 스트레인을 측정하였고, 이를 응력으로 환산하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Strain 값은 광중합 개시와 함께 급격히 증가하였으며, 시간이 지남에 따라 서서히 감소하는 양상을 보여 주었다. 2. $Z-250^{(R)}$의 수축응력이 $Dyract^{(R)}$ AP와 $Tetric^{(R)}$ Flow에 비해 상대적으로 높게 나타났으나 통계학적 유의차는 없었다(p>0.05). 3. $Z-250^{(R)}$과 $Dyract^{(R)}$ AP에서 3가지 와동 충전 방법 간에는 수축응력의 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 4. 와동 충전 방법에 따른 충전 재료 간에도 수축응력의 유의차는 없었다(p>0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 $Dyract^{(R)}$ AP는 광중합 과정과 자가 중합 과정이 함께 일어남으로 인해 $Z-250^{(R)}$보다 상대적으로 중합 수축이 적게 나타난 것으로 판단되었다. $Tetric^{(R)}$ Flow는 한 번에 충전을 완료할 수가 있어 시간 소모가 적고 치질에 대한 중합수축력도 적어 유치 와동 충전 시 유용한 충전 방법이라고 판단되었다. 향후 와동 충전 방법의 방향과 광중합 시간 간격이 광중합수축에 미치는 영향 등에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하다고 사료되었다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.264-268
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to measure the water sorption / solubility of Biodentine, composite resin and glass ionomer cement. Materials and Methods: The materials used in this study were Biodentine(BD), Filtek Z250(FZ) and Ketac Molar(KM). Twenty disc-shaped specimens of each material were prepared of 6mm diameter and 1mm thickness. All specimens were desiccated for 24 hours and weighed(m1). After then, They were immersed in distilled water and stored at $37^{\circ}C$. 1 week later, They were washed with running water, wiped with absorbent paper and weighed(m2). Finally, They were dried for 24 hours and weighed(m3). Water sorption and solubility, net water uptake were calculated. Results: KM and BD showed high water sorption than FZ(P<0.05). KM and BD exhibited similar water sorption(P<0.05). BD exhibited high solubility than KM(P=0.012). BD exhibited high net water uptake than FZ(P=0.008). Conclusion: Biodentine showed higher water sorption, solubility and net water uptake than Filtek Z250 and Ketac Molar. Within limitation of this study, it is not recommended to use Biodentine for permanent restoration.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.653-660
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• 2006

Fuji VII은 제 1, 2대구치의 조기보호를 목적으로 소개되었으며 기존의 글래스 아이오노머 시멘트보다 많은 양의 불소를 유리하면서도 점도가 낮아 흐름성이 우수하고 부가적인 산부식 과정이 필요 없는 특징 때문에 치은판개가 일부 덮인 제 1, 2대구치의 교합면이나 일부만 노출된 대구치 협면구의 우식 예방과 재광화에 유용하다고 하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 Fuji VII의 재광화 효과를 알아보고 기존의 글래스 아이오노머 시멘트, 레진 강화형 글래스 아이오노머 시멘트, 콤포머와 복합레진의 재광화 효과를 비교하고자 하였다. 이에 인공적으로 형성한 우식을 가진 42개의 치아에 Fuji VII, Fuji II, Fuji II LC improved F2000, $Filtek^{TM}$ Z250의 재료를 충전하고 편광현미경 상에서 충전 직후와 4주 후 탈회 면적을 측정하였으며 두 면적의 차이를 비교하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 재광화 정도는 Fuji VII, Fuji II, Fuji II LC improved, F2000, 대조군, $Filtek^{TM}$ Z250 순으로 크게 나타났으며, 글래스 아이오노머 계통의 Fuji VII, Fuji II, Fuji II LC improved에서 F2000, $Filtek^{TM}$ Z250, 대조군에 비해 유의한 재광화가 나타났다(p<0.05). 2. Fuji VII과 Fuji II Fuji II LC improved 간에는 유의한 재광화 정도의 차이는 관찰되지 않았다(p>0.05).

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2016

본 연구는 복합레진의 연마방법에 따른 표면특성을 평가하기 위해, microhybrid 레진(Filtek$^{TM}$ Z250)과 nanofill 레진(Filtek$^{TM}$ Z350)을 연마 전, abrasive disk(Sof-lex) 연마 후, polishing brush(Occlubrush) 연마 후로 나누어 분석하였다. 그 결과 레진 표면조도는 연마 후 증가하였는데, 미세조도는 연마방법에 따른 차이가 없었으나 거시조도는 Occlubrush를 이용한 경우 현저하게 커졌다(p < 0.05). Sof-lex 연마의 경우 레진의 filler까지 연마되어 표면이 보다 균일한 형상을 보였으나 Occlubrush 연마시편은 기질층이 뜯겨져 나간 불균일한 형상을 보였다. 두 연마방법 간의 미세경도 유의차는 없었으며(p > 0.05), 연마 후 경도 값이 약 25% 상승하였다. 결론적으로, 복합레진의 표면경도 향상을 위하여 적합한 연마가 필요하며, Sof-lex를 이용한 연마가 더 우수한 것으로 사료된다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2019

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of three aesthetic restorative materials on the wear between tooth and restoration by a pin-on-disk manner. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Six aesthetic restorative materials were used to prepare disk specimens for wear test, which were Lava Zirconia as zirconia group, Vintage MP and Cerabien ZR as veneering porcelain group, Gradia Direct microhybrid composite containing prepolymerized fillers, Filtek Z250 microhybrid composite containing zirconia glass and colloidal silica particles, and Filtek Z350 nanocomposite as composite resin group. Vertical loss of the worn cusp, change of the surface roughness of the restoration materials, and the surface topography were investigated after wear test under 9.8-N contact load. RESULTS. The porcelain groups (Vintage MP and Cerabien ZR) caused the largest vertical loss of teeth when compared with those of the composite resin and zirconia groups, and Filtek Z250 microhybrid composite results in the second-largest vertical loss of teeth. The surface of Filtek Z350 nanocomposite was deeply worn out, but visible wear on the surface of the zirconia and Gradia Direct microhybrid composite was not observed. When the zirconia surface was roughened by sand-blasting, vertical loss of teeth considerably increased when compared with that in the case of fine polished zirconia. CONCLUSION. It was identified that microhybrid composite resin containing a prepolymerized filler and zirconia with reduced surface roughness by polishing were the most desirable restorative materials among the tested materials to prevent the two-body wear between aesthetic restorative material and tooth.