• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.448-453
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• 2010

Porous media containing complex fluid passage have especially large surface area per unit volume. This study is aimed to identify the heat transfer characteristics of high-porosity metal foams in a horizontal channel. Experiment is performed under various heat flux, velocity and pore density. Nusselt number decreases with higher pore density. Metal foams shows higher heat transfer coefficients than pin-fin structure with the same porosity. This is due to the more complex flow passage and larger heat transfer area based on the structure of the metal foams. The analysis on the pin-fin structure may not be suitable to the metal foam structure but should be identified extensively through further study.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.223-226
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• 2001

Acoustic pressure transmission coefficient and phase velocity are measured as the functions of water porosity and air porosity in sand sediment slabs with water- and air-filled pores. Pores in the sand sediment slab we modeled as the structure of circular cylindrical tube shape filled with water and air. The first kind(fast) wave and second kind (slow) wave, identified by Biot, in the solid and fluid mixed medium are affected by the presence of water and air pores. Acoustic characteristics of such porous medium in water are also theoretically investigated in terms of the modified Biot-Attenborough (MBA) model, which uses the separate treatment of viscosity effect and thermal effect in non-rigid porous medium with water- and air-filed pores. The information on the fast waves introduces new concepts of the generalized tortuosity factor and dynamic shape factor.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.91 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2024

In this paper, the porous metal PM-35 is proposed as the filler material of filled thin-walled tubes (FTTs), and a series of experimental study is conducted to investigate the dynamic behavior and energy absorption performance of PM-35 filled thin-walled tubes under impact loading. Firstly, cylinder solid specimens of PM-35 steel are tested to investigate the impact mechanical behavior by using the Split Hopkinson pressure bar set (SHP); Secondly, the filled thin-walled tube specimens with different geometric parameters are designed and tested to investigate the feasibility of PM-35 steel applied in FTTs by the orthogonal test. According to the results of this research, it is concluded that PM-35 steel is with the excellent characteristics of high energy absorption capacity and low yield strength, which make it a potential filler material for FTTs. The micron-sizes pore structure of PM-35 is the main reason for the macroscopic mechanical behavior of PM-35 steel under impact loading, which makes the material to exhibit greater deformation when subjected to external forces and obviously improve the toughness of the material. In addition, PM-35 steel core-filled thin-wall tube has excellent energy absorption ability under high-speed impact, which shows great application potential in the anti-collision structure facilities of high-speed railway and maglev train. The parameter V0 is most sensitive to the energy absorption of FTT specimens under impact loading, and the sensitivity order of different variations to the energy absorption is loading speed V0>D/t>D/L. The loading efficiency of the FTT is affected by its different geometry, which is mainly determined by the sleeve material and the filling material, which are not sensitive to changes in loading speed V0, D/t and D/L parameters.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1507-1512
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• 1994

High strength cement hardened body was prepared by ordinary portland cement, silica-fume, super-plasticizer and the industrial by-product powder such as tailing, paper sludge ash and granulated slag. These raw materials were mixed and formed with w/c=0.18. The cement hardened body is cured in the autoclave at 18$0^{\circ}C$, 10atm. These admixtures made the compressive strength of all specimens develope by 170~230%. The highest compressive strength could be obtained by 236 MPa when mix composition was 14 wt% of silica-fume and 26 wt% of granulated slag. The compressive strength increased with decreasing the average pore size and the amount of the poe over the size of 50 nm by which the appearance of high compressive strength of the cement hardened body were mainly influenced. In the result, the hydration products were C-S-H, tobermorite and ettringite and it was realized that the reason why the cement hardened body became dense and revealed the higher strength was that those hydrates were formed inside of the pore and filled in it and the unhydrated materials played the role of an inner-filler.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.23-24
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• 2015

As this study is an experiment for solving problem on the carbonation acceleration of high volume admixture concrete, the capillary pore getting filled up by saponification as cooking oil gets absorbed to the concrete surface in case of applying a cooking oil based coating agent to the concrete has been verified in the previous studies. Accordingly, this study has performed a comparative experiment on the cooking oil and the anticorrosive coating agent sold on the market while the result followed by this experiment has shown the fact of indicating similar carbonation penetration depth and porosity.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2023

In this study, pore-filled ion exchange membranes with low membrane resistance and high hydroxide ion conductivity was developed. To improve alkali durability, a porous substrate made of polytetrafluoroethylene was used, and a copolymer was prepared using monomers 2-(dimethyl amino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and vinyl benzyl chloride (VBC) for pores. divinyl benzene (DVB) was used as the cross-linker, and ion exchange membranes were prepared for each cross-linking agent content to study the effect of the cross-linker content on DMAEMA-DVB and VBC-DMAEMA-DVB copolymers. As a result, chemical stability is improved by using a PTFE material substrate, and productivity can be increased by enabling fast photo polymerization at a low temperature by using a low-pressure UV lamp. To confirm the physical and chemical stability of the ion exchange membrane required for an anion exchange membrane fuel cell, tensile strength, and alkali resistance tests were conducted. As a result, as the cross-linking degree increased, the tensile strength increased by approximately 40 MPa, and finally, through the silver conductivity and alkali resistance tests, it was confirmed that the alkaline stability increased as the cross-linking agent increased.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.58-69
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• 2024

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is an electro-membrane process employing ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) that can harvest electric energy from the concentration difference between seawater and river water. Multivalent ions contained in seawater and river water bind strongly to the fixed charge groups of the IEM, causing high resistance and reducing open-circuit voltage and power density through uphill transport. In this study, a pore-filled anion-exchange membrane (PFAEM) with excellent monovalent ion selectivity and electrochemical properties was fabricated and characterized for RED application. The monovalent ion selectivity of the prepared membrane was 3.65, which was superior to a commercial membrane (ASE, Astom Corp.) with a selectivity of 1.27 under the same conditions. Additionally, the prepared membrane showed excellent electrochemical properties, including low electrical resistance compared to ASE. As a result of evaluating RED performance under seawater of 0.459 M NaCl/0.0510 M Na₂SO₄ and river water of 0.0153 M NaCl/0.0017 M Na₂SO₄, the maximum power density of 1.80 W/m² was obtained by applying the prepared membrane, which is a 40.6% improved output performance compared to the ASE membrane.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.375-387
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• 2013

Soils consist of an assemblage of particles with different sizes and shapes which form a skeleton whose voids are filled with water and air. Hence, soil behaviour must be analyzed by incorporating the effects of the transient flow of the pore-fluid through the voids, and therefore requires a two-phase continuum formulation for saturated porous media. The present paper presents briefly the Biot's basic theory of dynamics of saturated porous media with u-P formulation to determine the responses of pore fluid and soil skeleton during cyclic loading. Kelvin elements are attached to transmitting boundary. The Pastor-Zienkiewicz-Chan model has been used to describe the inelastic behavior of soils under isotropic cyclic loadings. Newmark-Beta method is employed to discretize the time domain. The response of fluid-saturated porous media which are subjected to time dependent loads has been simulated numerically to predict the liquefaction potential of a semi-infinite saturated sandy layer using finite-infinite elements. A settlement of 17.1 cm is observed at top surface. It is also noticed that liquefaction occurs at shallow depth. The mathematical advantage of the coupled finite element analysis is that the excess pore pressure and displacement can be evaluated simultaneously without using any empirical relationship.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.838-842
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• 2015

The Li-air battery is a promising candidate for the most energy-dense electrochemical power source because it has 5 to 10 times greater energy storage capacity than that of Li-ion batteries. However, the Li-air cell performance falls short of the theoretical estimate, primarily because the discharge terminates well before the pore volume of the air electrode is completely filled with lithium oxides. Therefore, the structure of carbon used in the air electrode is a critical factor that affects the performance of Li-air batteries. In a previous study, we reported a new class of carbon nanomaterial, named carbon nanoballs (CNBs), consisting of highly mesoporous spheres. Structural characterization revealed that the synthesized CNBs have excellent a meso-macro hierarchical pore structure, with an average diameter greater than 10 nm and a total pore volume more than $1.00cm^3g^{-1}$. In this study, CNBs are applied in an actual Li-air battery to evaluate the electrochemical performance. The formation mechanism and electrochemical performance of the CNBs are discussed in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.750-754
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• 2008

The artificial aggregates with dense surface layer (shell) was fabricated and the dependence of water emission rate upon the shell structures was studied. The EAF dust containing many flux components and waste white clay with ignition loss of above 48% were used as for liquid phase and gas forming agents during a sintering process respectively. In addition, the shell structure was modified with various processes and the modification effect on water emission rate was analyzed. The pores under $10{\mu}m$ were found in the sintered artificial light aggregates and disappeared by incorporating to a bigger pore during re-sintering. The water emission rate in an initial step depended on a void content of aggregates filled in a bottle rather than a shell structure. But, after 7 days where the water emission of the aggregate with a shell is above 40%, the shell of aggregates suppressed the water emission. The core of aggregates was exposed and most shell was lost when crushed to smaller size so, the ability for suppressing water emission of the crushed aggregates decreased. The activation energy for the water emission was $3.46{\pm}0.25{\times}10^{-1}$J/mol for the most specimens showing that the activation energy is irrelevant to the pore size distribution and shell structure.