• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.252-256
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• 2005

Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by brown sea weeds (Hizikia fusiformis, Laminaria, and Undaria pinnatifida) was 80-96% for lead, cadmium, chromium and copper ions. Fifty percent of the adsorption was completed in 4 min. The uptake of lead and cadmium ions followed Langmuir adsorption. In the adsorption experiments using single and multi metal ions 80-95% of metal ions were removed, and the removal efficiency was the best for lead ion.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.2043-2048
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• 2013

The purpose of this study mas to profile older breast cancer survivors in Malaysia. In a survey study, a custom made questionnaire was administered to 69 breast cancer patients and survivors between 60 and 84 years of age in Peninsular Malaysia. The main ethnic group recorded was Chinese, followed by Malay and Indian. The majority of women were married (87%) and had children (84.1%). Just over half (53.6%) had primary and secondary education, whereas 24.7% had higher education. Fifty five percent of the study participants made their own decision on treatment, 60.8% exercised at least 3 times in a week, and 56.6% sought information from specialists. Our study suggests that older breast cancer survivors are aware of the importance of exercise in their daily lives and make attempts to be cancer free (e.g. doing exercise, recreational activity and have good relationships with friends and family).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.401-406
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify some anthropometric characteristics related to the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Korea. The subjects were 165 male and female patients aged 30 to 70 years who had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus for less than five year, recruied from eight different hospitals in Seoul, Korea. Weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and triceps skinfold thickness were measured. Weight before diagnosis of diabetes was also surveyed. The body mass index(BMI) of diabetic patients before diabetic diagnosis was significantly higher than that of reference values. Fifty percent of patients had BMI values greater than 25kg/$m^2$, and female patients were somewhat fatter than male patients. Since many subjects were overweight before diagnosis, obestty could be regarded as a risk factor for the incidence of diabetes mellitus. However, waist-hip ratios(WHR) fell within the normal range, so WHR may not be regarded as an important risk factor for NIDDM in Korea. This study suggests that the risk factors of onset of diabetes in Western populations may not be applicable to the Korea population. More study is needed to clarify the risk factors of Korean diabetes.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the sexual behavior and awareness of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among the elderly. Methods: Subjects were 599 elderly living in a metropolitan area who completed a structured questionnaire. Data collection was from September 6, 2011 to January 17, 2012. The data were analyzed by using percentage and ${\chi}^2$-test. Results: Approximately 25% of the subjects reported a sexual life. Age, gender, education, family type, presence and health of spouse, health state of the subject, past occupation, dwelling pattern, and economic state made statistically significant difference in sexual behavior. Fifty five percent of the respondents reported no knowledge of STD. Factors such as age, gender, education, presence of spouse, and past occupation were statistically significant in terms of awareness of STD. Conclusion: Age, education, and presence of spouse should be factored in to understand the sexuality of the elderly as well as to develop sexuality counseling programs that provide adequate information for each individual.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1056-1060
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• 1989

Substernal goiter may be defined as any thyroid enlargement that has 50 to 100 % of its mass inferior to the thoracic inlet. Ectopic substernal goiters are rare, and most substernal gaiters arise from cervical thyroid gland. Fifteen to fifty percent of these patients are asymptomatic. Symptoms, when present, are usually the result of tracheal or esophageal compression. Symptoms are often positional. Standard chest roentgenograms are often diagnostic, but computed tomographic or radioactive iodine scans may be helpful. In symptomatic patients or those in whom explorations are undertaken for diagnostic purpose or exclude carcinoma, surgical removal is indicated. Although cervical thyroids with substernal extension may be safely and successfully removed through a cervical incision, primary substernal goiters by definition derive their blood supply from within the thorax and are better approached by splitting the sternum or through a posterolateral thoracotomy. Recently we experienced a child fist sized secondary posterior mediastinal goiter in 55-year old female. The mass was completely removed through right posterolateral thoracotomy without any complications. The postoperative courses were uneventful.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 1994

From Jan. 1981 to Dec. 1993, 24 cases of pulmonary hamartoma were experienced sugically at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University. They consisted of 11 females and 13 males. The age distribution was 24 years to 71 years with a mean age of 49 years. They included 3 cases of endobronchial hamartoma, and 21 cases of pulmonary parenchymal hamartoma. Fifty eight percent of patients [14/24] were asymptomatic. One patient had a multiple pulmonary parenchymal hamartoma, and 1 patient also had combined lung cancer. The operative procedures were 9[37.5%] wedge resections, 5[20.8%] lobectomies, 3[12.5%] enucleations, 3[12.5%] segmental resections, 2[8.3%] bilobectomies, 1[4.2%] lobectomy and segmentectomy, and 1[4.2%] lobectomy, wedge resection, and enucleation. All of the operative results were excellent and without complication.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 1983

The distribution of renal artery of fifty Korean native cattles (100 kidneys) was observed. Vinylite solution was injected into renal artery of ninety specimens for cast preparation. The angiography was prepared in 10 specimens by injecting thirty percent of barium sulfate solution into renal arteries, and then radiographed on a soft X-ray apparatus (Shimadzu Waltes 60). 1. A. renalis arose from the each side of abdominal aorta in the Korean native cattles. 2. The renal arteries were bifurcated into Ramus cranialis and caudalis (91%), and Ramus cranialis, medius and caudalis(9%) which were ramified 1-4 segmental arteries, respectively. 3. The segmental arteries were originated from R. cranialis and R. caudalis (87%), R. medius (9%) and A. renalis (4%). 4. The kidney were divided separately into 5-7 arterial segments by running of the segmental artery into the parenchyma. Among them six segments were mostly frequent(53%). 5. The Arcus arteriosus renalis was observed at 44% of the left kidney and 14% of the right kidney.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.262-267
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• 2008

The long-term wind data are reconstructed from the short-term meteorological data to design the 4 MW offshore wind park which will be constructed at Woljeong-ri, Jeju island, Korea. Using two MCP (Measure-Correlate-Predict) models, the relative deviation of wind speed and direction from two neighboring reference weather stations can be regressed at each azimuth sector. The validation of the present method is checked about linear and matrix MCP models for the sets of measured data, and the characteristic wind turbulence is estimated from the ninety-percent percentile of standard deviation in the probability distribution. Using the Gumbel's model, the extreme wind speed of fifty-year return period is predicted by the reconstructed long-term data. The predicted results of this analysis concerning turbulence intensity and extreme wind speed are used for the calculation of fatigue life and extreme load in the design procedure of wind turbine structures at offshore wind farms.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.183-186
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• 1985

Fecal samples from beef and dairy calves less than 12-month-old of Chonnam area were examined for coccidial oocysts. The percentages of cattle and coccidian species found were: Eimeria alabamensis. 9.4; E. auburnensis, 12.5; E. bovis, 29.9; E. brasiliensis, 1.5; E. bukidnonensis, 2.1; E. canadensis, 10.4; E. cylindrica, 7.5; E. ellipsoidalis, 11.5; E. pellita, 1.7; E. subspherica, 10.4; E. wyomingensis, 2.9; and E. zuernii, 22.5. Fifty five percent of the fecal samples from 521 calves were positive for oocysts, and clinical coccidiosis was not found in any of these calves. The number of species in positive samples ranged from 1 to 7.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2004

In general, core materials of rubble mound breakwater are used at a restricted range of 0.015㎥～0.03㎥. However, it is not satisfied with the standard design in over fifty percent of the cases. In this study, model tests and numerical analysis are employed to examine the range of core material that has no problem with capacity maintenance and stability of rubble mound breakwater. Model tests measure the porosities that are mixed in various ratios, to classify core materials by three parameters. The slope stability of rubble mound breakwater is investigated, using numerical analysis, with a friction angle and a unit weight. The change of unit weight, which is followed by the mixed rate of size core material, has no large affect on slope stability, and there is no problem with ensuring slope stability of the rubble mound breakwater.