• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2001

This study was conducted to provide current information on dietary behaviors and dish preferences of elementary school children and to suggest guidelines for proper dietary behaviors. To accomplish study objectives survey was executed using the questionnaire for 420 fifth and sixth grade school children, chosen from schools in Kangwha-gun and East River District of Seoul. A questionnaire largely consists of categories including general characteristics, dietary behavior and preferences of the subjects for some dishes. Results showed 30％ of the subjects had breakfast irregularly. A majority of the subjects took Korean style dishes of cooked rice and soup for breakfast. fifty-eight percent of subjects had a regular meal time. Imbalanced diet(avoiding specific flood group thereby causing unbalance in nutrient intake) habit group was estimated to be 47.3%. Twenty one percent had a habit of overeating. In choosing the snack, taste was considered to be a more important factor than nutrition. Advertisement of the snack was shown to be one of the Important factors in selecting the snack. The girls were more concerned about weight control than the boys. Also the girls were likely to rely on the diet to control weight since they exercised only in the physical c1ass while the boys exercised regularly. Generally, children liked animal protein containing foods and the preference for vegetables was low. In order to improve overall dietary behavior, systematic nutrition education programs reflecting sex difference should be developed. Dish preference data would be very useful in selecting substitutive dish for the s[hoof lunch menu to improve imbalanced diet. (J Community Nutrition3(2) : 69∼76, 2001)

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2016

최근 사람이 다수 붐비는 지역에 스마트 폰이나, 태블릿 등을 바로 충전할 수 있는 태양광 모듈이 설치되어 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 하지만 설치비용이 높아 이용인원이 적은 지역에 설치 할 경우 비용측면에서 부담이 되며, 협소한 지역에는 설치가 어려운 문제점이 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위해 국가에서 제공하는 데이터와, 실제 환경에서 수집한 데이터를 이용하여 각 지역에 해당 서비스를 제공받는 사람에 대한 정보를 분석 한 후 대기시간 및 태양광 충전시간을 고려하여 환경에 맞는 최적의 전력을 수집 및 제공하는 시스템을 제안하였다. 실험결과 수집전력이 충전전력량보다 상회하여 충전이 지연되지 않았으며, 약 95분경에 스마트 폰의 전력을 모두 충전할 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 버스 대기시간인 10분에서 20분 사이에 스마트 폰이 한 대일 경우 약 50%가량을 충전할 수 있으며, 여러 대일 경우 약 20%가량을 충전할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.318-329
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• 2011

1. Objectives: We surveyed the attitude and awareness of Sasang Constitution investigators on informed consent in clinical study. This study was performed in order to improve the quality of ethical aspects in clinical study by surveying the process of obtaining informed consent. 2. Methods: We sent the questionnaire by email to Sasang Constitution investigators who had the experience in clinical study. The question was about the necessity of informed consent and the process of obtaining it. 3. Results: Twenty-two out of 24 questionnaires were collected. All of investigators recognized that informed consent is needed for clinical study. Sixty-four percent of the respondents 'fully' or 'mostly' explained the informed consent but they added only 41% of participants 'fully' or 'mostly' understood. Fifty-four point five percent of respondents provided participants enough time and opportunity to inquire the study in details to decide whether or not to participate in the study, the rest of respondents obtained informed consent without providing enough time for decision. 4. Conclusions: Sasang Constitution investigators had high awareness of necessity for informed consent in clinical study. But participants' understanding was low despite of the degree of investigators' explanation. A various strategies should be designed for improving consent forms and process. Most of all, investigators should make sure that informed consent intends to protect participants and promote ethical research conduct.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the body weight control, attitudes, lifestyles and dietary habits according to the obesity index of elementary school students. This study utilized questionnaires and body composition measurements collected with a bio- electrical impedance analyzer(Inbody 4.0). Specifically, differences between the underweight group, normal group, and overweight group were tested by a $x^2$-test or ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The subjects consisted of 571 elementary school students residing in Chonbuk Province. The average age, height, weight, and BMI of the male subjects was 11.5 years, 150.0 cm, 45.2 kg and $20.0\;kg/m^2$, respectively. The average age, height, weight, and BMI of the female subjects was 11.5 years, 152.2 cm, 46.1 kg and $19.8\;kg/m^2$, respectively. Twenty percent of the subjects were in the underweight group, 52.2% were in the normal weight group, and 27.8% were in the overweight group according to the Korean Pediatrics Society standards. A total of 50.2% of the subjects were dissatisfied with their body weight, while 36.8% of underweight, 42.3% of normal weight, and 81.1% of overweight subjects were dissatisfied with their weight. Fifty two percent of the subjects had attempted to reduce their body weight, including 50% of the normal weight group. The main reason for wanting to reduce body weight was to maintain health. The percentage of subjects who had received body weight control education was 41.3%, but 77.6% of the subjects thought it was necessary. Poor time management, lack of physical activity, portion size of meals, unbalanced diet, frequent consumption of convenience foods, and frequent snacking all affected the obesity index. Overall, the results of this study indicate that it is necessary to develop weight control programs for all elementary school students who are underweight, normal weight, and overweight.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.3538-3548
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• 1996

In this study, as a part of basic study for developing the simulation program for the assemssment of reliability of electronic EMC packaging which covers from EMC mixing step to thermal analysis, comparison between a measured and predicted values of material properties of EMC and finitde element analysis of thermal stress are performed. For the experimental testing specimens of fifty, sixty hive and eighty percent filler($13\mu m$, spherical silica) weight fraction are fabricated using tranfer molding. Coefficient of thermal expansion, elastic modulus and thermla conductivity are measured using these specimens and then these measured values are compared with the predicted values by various equations ( such as dilute suspension method. self consistent method, generalized self consistent method, Hashin-Shtrikman's bounds. Shapery's bounds, Nielsen's method and others). Measured values are distributed within the upper and lower bounds of equations. Measured elastic modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion approaches closely the perdicted values with self consisten mehtod and upper bound of Shaperys equation respectively. However small differences of thermal conductivity between the different filler volume fraction are obserbed. FEM analysis indicates that firstly stress is concentrated at the corner section of EMC and secondly EMC with eighty percent filler weight fraction shows less thermal stress when package is cooling down and relatively high thermal stress when package is heating up.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of a obesity management program for obese children at a urban elementary school. Methods: The study subjects were fifty five 4^th-6^th graders (experimental = 29, control = 26) whose obesity indices were 120% or over fiunr two schools in a urban area. Obesity management program was conducted weekly 12 sessions with 60-day morning group exercises. Study instruments were Imbody 310 (BIOSPACE, 2005) and summated scales. Data were collected from April 6 to June 22, 2006 and analysed by descriptive statistics, X²-test and ANCOVA using SPSS/PC+ 14.0 program. Results: 1. Obesity management program was effective to reduce body weight (t = -2.54, p = .014), fat mass percent (t = -2.37, p = .021) and to increase muscle mass (t = 2.36, p = .022). And all these were also significant statistically in ANCOVA 2. Obesity management program were also effective to decrease level of obesity (t = -3.28, p = .002), and that of stress (t = -2.19, p = .033) and to improve food habit (t = 2.52, p = .016). And all these were also significant statistically in ANCOVA. Conclusion: School-based obesity management program for obese children was effective to reduce weight, fat mass percent, obesity, and stress; increase muscle mass; and improve food habit. School-based obesity management program, therefore, can be recommended as a health promotion measure in elementary school as curricular basis.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.319-323
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• 2008

에드워드 증후군은 18번 세염색체(trisomy)성 질환으로 신체의 모든 기관에 다수의 영향을 주며 정신 지체, 발육 지연, 호흡 곤란, 선천성 심장 질환 등의 전신 질환과 손가락의 굴곡변형과 족부후방돌출(rocker-bottom feet)의 소견을 보인다. 산모가 에드워드 증후군 환아를 임신했을 경우 양수과다, 작은 태반, 단일 제대 동맥의 소견을 보인다. 에드워드 증후군을 가진 환아는 생존율이 매우 낮다. 절반이 자궁 내에서 사망하며, 출생아의 50%는 생존율이 2개월이고, $5{\sim}10%$는 생존율이 1년 정도이다. 에드워드 증후군을 가진 환아가 충치 치료를 주소로 내원하였다. 환아의 전신 질환과 심장 수술 병력, 저체중, 기도확보 유지가 어려운 점을 고려하여 전신마취 하에 치과 치료를 시행하였다. 저자는 에드워드 증후군 환아의 치과 치료 후 다소의 지견을 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2014

Medical education departments or offices are established in response to public expectations relating to health care, societal trends towards increased accountability, educational developments, increased interest in what to teach and how to educate doctors. However, heavy workloads and mixed feelings towards medical education departments or offices by the other members of a medical school can threaten job satisfaction and increase burnout. The authors investigated the prevalence of burnout among medical education specialists and related issues. Individual in-depth interviews with four medical education specialists were conducted to develop a questionnaire. After content analysis of the interview, the authors generated a survey form with 28 items including 6 categories: motivation to choose medical education as a career, job satisfaction, intention to leave their current position in medical education, the frequency and causes of burnout, and demographics. In September 2013, an email survey was administered to 43 faculty including non-tenure staff who were working in the department/office of medical education in 41 medical colleges in Korea. Of 43 medical education specialists, 25 (60%) returned surveys. Forty three-point-three percent of them felt encouraged when their endeavors generated a visible educational improvement in the medical school. A majority (87%) reported feeling burned out. Fifty percent of them experienced the feeling once or twice a year. The extent of burnout tended to be greater in women, those in their forties, those with non-medical doctor degrees, and in non-tenured staff. To reduce and prevent burnout among medical education specialists, the participants suggested that leadership of medical schools and a systematic approach to medical education should be established. A majority of the medical education specialists reported experiencing burnout, although they were satisfied with their jobs. To reduce their burnout and allow them to focus on their own work in medical education, the following factors are needed: perceptual changes of other members of the college about medical education; more systematic institutional strategies; networking among medical education specialists; and personal efforts for professional development.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.141-146
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• 1997

Postmortem examination was conducted on 350 (three hundred and fifty) chickens. Related samples (Liver, heart, ovary, spleen, bone-marrow, and caecal junction) were collected. The appropriate materials from the samples were cultured into different media. A total 40(forty) isolates of salmonella pullorum and S. gallinarum were identified and preserved. Characterization of the isolates were done by cultural, morphological, biochemical, and serological tests. Salmonella pullorum antigen was prepared from the local isolate, standardized and tested. This antigen was used in the field for the detection of pullorum or fowl typhoid infection or carrier birds. The antigen consisted of suspension of Salmonella pullorum in 0.50 percent sodium chloride plus 1.5 percent sodium sulfate and inactivated with 1% formalin U.S.P. and standardized with McFarland scale iv or by pour plate method containing 800 million organisms per milliliter and stained by the addition of alcoholic crystal violet. Sterility, safety and potency were tested and found as good as other international antigens. The antigen was found to retain its quality for six months when preserved at room temperatures. The test was made by mixing one drop of the antigen with a drop of blood or a drop of serum, on a glass plate or white tile. The locally produced antigen was as good as antigens from Japan, Hungary, Holland and India. A serological study was conducted with the locally prepared antigen in different farms, and the incidence was 0-4% in government farms, 5-10% in commercial imported breeds and 0-3% in cross breed local farms respectively.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.235-243
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• 1992

Patterns of abnormality in regional cerebral perfusion and its relation to clinical severity was evaluated with 32 head injury patients using $^{99m}Tc-HMPAO$ single photon emission tomography (SPECT). The findings were compared with computed tomography (CT) done within 48 hours of each SPECT study. The initial SPECT study was done within 7 days of injury in 16 cases, between 1 week and 2 months in 12, and after over 2 months in 4. Nineteen of the patients underwent followup SPECT and CT after a mean interval of 1 to 2 months. The initial SPECT showed abnormalities in 96% (31/32) of the patients while CT showed abnormal findings in only 81% (26/32). There were a total of 54 supratentorial SPECT lesions in all. Ninity percent (49/54) of these were of regional hypoperfusion, while 5 lesions showed focal hyperperfusion. The lesions were most often localized in the frontal and temporal lobes. Fifty five percent (30/54) were areas not detected as a lesion on CT. Cerebellar diaschisis was observed in 50% (16/32) of the patients. The degree of perfusion abnormality was quantified by the product of differential activity and a size factor. Correlation between the degree of perfusion abnormality and the clinical severity (Glasgow coma scale) failed to show statistical significance (p=0.053). The amount of change in the degree of perfusion abnormality on follow up SPECT was compared to the amount of change in clinical severity. Perfusion abnormality showed a tendancy to improve in most patients, and the degree of improvement showed significant correlation with the amount of clinical improvement (p < 0.01).