• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2015년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.87-88
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• 2015

A defect dispute surrounding an apartment building is in constant trouble, a defect consulting is necessary that objective and impartial for solving a defect. The defect dispute about a defect lawsuit is conducted in the order that filling of lawsuit, consulting order, defect inspecting, estimating a repairing cost, writing a consulting report, submitting a consulting report, and decision by court. Of these, a step of defect inspecting is extensively investigated an occurred defect that each defect index and type from each part and place. At this time, it is collected of many data and created many information. For this, it need to organize and manage. The study is a modeling of field investigation work process that second phase of defect inspecting step. A literature study is defined a work until level 2. This study is defined the work until level 3 to 4. In addition, the modeling can do for using a job name, a place to job, a job to do, and a person concerned about defect consulting case. The modeling is expected a contribution of improving a defect consulting process and systematizing a judgment standard.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.7-13
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• 2013

Recently, defect management have been considered as one of the major issues for more large-sized and complicated in domestic construction industry. However, the defect management have not been performed systematically because of special manpower, excessive amount of documents, 2D based inspection work, unclear traditional checklists, complicated work process and difficulty in communicating construction information. Therefore, the construction field manager could not performed the quality inspection and defect management work on time as well as the reliability of recorded quality and defect factors was decreased. The primary objective of this study is develop a Construction Defect Management Application CDMA) using a mobile (smartphone). The application can be sharing a huge information and communication technology based on RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification), BIM (Building Information Modeling) which enables field mangers to efficiently gather the information of defection in construction on-site.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.264-273
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• 2002

Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) was used first to induce osteogenesis in 1974. The appliance which was consisted of the Helmholtz coil configuration have used to osteogensis. The objective of this study was to determine whether PEMF, a frequency of 100 Hz and magnetic field strength of 38 gauss applied to the calvarial defect in rabbit, could affect the induction of osteogenesis and the healing of the graft bone. This field should not produce excitation of nerve or muscle and heating the tissue. To evaluate the effect of PEMF on osteogenesis, 16 rabbit under the same condition was divided into 8 experimental groups and 8 control groups. 10 mm calvarial bone defects were formed around sagittal suture. The defect of left side was left without graft while the defect of right side was grafted by bone harvested from left side. A pulsed electromagnetic field was applied for 8 hours per day. Each group was sacrificed after 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks. Microscopic specimens were obtained from the calvarial bone defects and surrounding tissue using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining method. The results were as follows. 1. In the group which pulsed electromagnetic field was applied, new bone formation filled up the defect was observed after 4 and 8 weeks effectively. 2. There are no difference in the healing period for the fusion between the bone and graft bone. According to the result, the PEMF with 38 Gauss, 100 Hz was very effective in the healing of bone defect and new bone formation. So The PEMF will be useful in clinical aspect for oseteogenesis.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

To make semiconductor chips, a number of complex semiconductor manufacturing processes are required. Semiconductor chips that have undergone complex processes are subjected to EDS(Electrical Die Sorting) tests to check product quality, and a wafer bin map reflecting the information about the normal and defective chips is created. Defective chips found in the wafer bin map form various patterns, which are called defective patterns, and the defective patterns are a very important clue in determining the cause of defects in the process and design of semiconductors. Therefore, it is desired to automatically and quickly detect defective patterns in the field, and various methods have been proposed to detect defective patterns. Existing methods have considered simple, complex, and new defect patterns, but they had the disadvantage of being unable to provide field engineers the evidence of classification results through deep learning. It is necessary to supplement this and provide detailed information on the size, location, and patterns of the defects. In this paper, we propose an anomaly detection framework that can be explained through FCDD(Fully Convolutional Data Description) trained only with normal data to provide field engineers with details such as detection results of abnormal defect patterns, defect size, and location of defect patterns on wafer bin map. The results are analyzed using open dataset, providing prominent results of the proposed anomaly detection framework.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.302-308
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• 2013

To collection of field data for development of maintenance manual of Han-ok, we investigated defects which occurred in members of Han-ok by field investigation. The noticeable defects were wood cracks, gaps that developed between wood pillar and wall or wood window frame and tenon joints. The most common biological defect was blue stain which was created in log. The mold generation was observed on exterior wood and wall which get wet by precipitation. The gaps between members of Han-ok pointed out as defect that is urgently improved by residents of Han-ok. The reason is mainly due to poor of insulation in winter by bad confidentiality. The maintenance work of defect such as gap was conducted personally. As a result, the repair parts were ugly for unfamiliar repair work.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 1989

The important point of MPI is the analysis of leakage field in the defective regions. The analysis of leakage field depends on many factors such like geometry and character of defect. In general the calculation of magnetic leakage fields arising from such defects presents an extremely complicated mathematical problem and is practically insoluable, since the inhomogeneities have complex geometrical shapes and may differ in physical nature. Therefore, this paper describes Hall probe measurements of residual leakage field around artificial flaws in alloy steel bar, and shows how the results to recent developments in 2D dipole and analytic models of the magnetic field defect interaction.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.317-321
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• 2008

Piping in the Nuclear Power plants (NPP) are mostly consisted of carbon steel pipe. The wall thinning defect is mainly occurred by the affect of the flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) of fluid which flows in carbon steel pipes. This type of defect becomes the cause of damage or destruction of piping. Therefore, it is very important to measure defect which is existed not only on the welding partbut also on the whole field of pipe. Over the years, Infrared thermography (IRT) has been used as a non destructive testing methods of the various kinds of materials. This technique has many merits and applied to the industrial field but has limitation to the materials. Therefore, this method was combined with lock-in technique. So IRT detection resolution has been progressively improved using lock-in technique. In this paper, the quantitative analysis results of the location and the size of wall thinning defect that is artificially processed inside the carbon steel pipe by using IRT are obtained.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권12호
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• pp.1546-1550
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• 2002

목 적: 본 저자들은 VGB과 시야결손과의 관련성을 알기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법: 간질로 진단 받고 VGB을 추가 복용으로 치료를 시행한 환아 중 발달 연령이나 인지 연령이 8세 이상인 환아 78명을 대상으로 하였다. 시야검사는 Humphrey 자동 시야측정계로 시행한 후 결과가 의심이 되면 Goldman 시야측정계로 검사를 즉시 다시 시행하였으며, 이들은 다시 6개월 후에 재검을 실시하였다. 결 과 : 본 연구에서는 78명 중 5명에게 의증이 있었으나 재검시 다시 정상으로 나와 시야결손이 있는 환아는 없었다. 결 론: 본 조사에서 VGB은 시야결손을 일으키는 약물로 나타나지는 않았다. VGB의 시야결손으로 사용에 제한을 두기보다 다른 약으로 조절이 되지 않는 부분발작과 영아연축의 치료에 초기 선택 약물로 조심스럽게 사용하면 무방할 것으로 생각되어진다. 이와 함께 시야결손의 선별검사가 추천되며, VGB을 복용하는 소아에게 있어 정기적인 검사가 필요하겠다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1360-1364
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• 2014

In this paper, RCS characteristics on defect pattern of crossed dipole slot FSS having a finite size have been analyzed. To analyze RCS, we applied the electric field integral equation analysis which applies BiCGSTab algorithm with iterative method and uses RWG basis function. To verify the validity of this paper, RCS of PEC sphere has been compared to the theoretical results and FSSs with defect patterns are fabricated and measured. As defect patterns in FSS, missing one column, missing some elements, and discontinuity in surfaces are simulated and compared with the measurement results. Resonant frequency shifts in pass band and changes in bandwidth are observed. From the results, precisely predicting and designing frequency characteristics over defect patterns are essential when applying FSS structures such as FSS radomes.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2013년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.166-167
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• 2013

There has been a defect dispute of apartment building in Korea. The defect dispute is complicated by main issues and details of dispute. It is yet to be solved. Meanwhile, a judge does not a inspection and analysis, but, related field expert who contracted professional engineer does. As a result, defect consulting report that an important judgment is used in a defect dispute. Therefore, this study does research on structure of defect consulting report. A defect consulting report has same items, irrespective of a defect consultant as a result that check 7 indexes about 10 cases. It has different structure's details depending on each defect consultants. And, it inserts new detail or deletes existing detail, does not show clear distinction.