• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.59-74
• /
• 2004

We have conducted questionnaire and measured serum liver function tests on 153 patients whom have received a treatment at a local Oriental medicine clinic in Seoul from Sept. 1, 2002 to Dec. 31, 2002. Patients were categorized into the groups of control(10), decoction group(41), herbal group(5), western medicine group(45), and the group taking both herbal and western medicines(55) concurrently or separately. This study was conducted to investigate how these treatment methods can affect the liver functions. Following results were obtained : 1) Most of the research subjects were male(l03 individuals) living in large urban area, with drinking habit, highly educated, and with normal marriage. For the treatment history, 45 individuals received western medicine treatment(28.85%), 46 with Oriental medicine (29.49%), and 55 patients(35.26%) experienced both forms of treatment. 2) Measuring SD of serum liver functions for all the research subjects, T-protein was 6.95(0.73)g/dl, 4.07(0.51)g／dl for albumin, 0.44(0.19)mg／dl for T-bilirubin, 23.18(18.68)U／L for ALT, 27.42(27.43)U／L for AST, and 22l.27(64.58)mg／dl for LDH. 3) Among the research subjects with the liver functions outside of normal range were 0.64% for T-protein, 3.21% for T-bilirubin and ALT, 36.62% for AST, 0.64% for LDH, and none for Albumin. 4) Confusion variables which may affect the liver functions such as age, smoking, drinking, occupation, and residence were eliminated in calculation and no significant differences were witnessed between the control and experiment groups. 5) In measuring affects of treatment duration on the liver functions, no statistical significances were shown in multiple regression's ,${\beta}$(SE) values. 6) The values of odd ratio in the experiment groups compared to the control were in the range of $0.26(0.22){\sim}0.62(1.23)$. but T-bilirubin of the group receiving both Oriental and western medicine was 1.47(1.90) which showed statistical increase(p<0.001). 7) Factors affecting the liver functions are drinking volume per round duration of alcohol intake, western medicine treatment, gender, and age difference caused significant influences. 8) 57 individuals with serum liver functions out of normal range were mostly male, living in large urban area, median age of 38.89, with normal marriage, highly educated drinking less than once a week with less than 2 bottles per round, and with prior treatment in either western or Oriental medicine. Summarizing above results, we can carefully deduce that taking herbal medicine (both decoction and pills) or western medicine doesn't cause much affect in the liver functions. But taking two forms of medication simultaneously or altering dosage affect significant increase in the T-bilirubin level, thus one needs to take precaution when taking both. Further research is needed in this field to verify this evidence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.25 no.7
• /
• pp.982-990
• /
• 2019

The interest of researchers and governments in exploiting tidal energy resources is increasing. Jangjuk strait is a place with high tidal energy density potential and is therefore appropriate for the constructing of a tidal turbine farm. In this study, a numerical approach is presented to evaluate the current flow and power potential in Jangjuk strait with an ADCIRC model. Then, the tidal field characteristics are utilized as input parameters for tidal resource calculation with an in-house program. The 1 MW scale tidal energy converter devices are employed and arranged in 4 layouts to investigate the annual energy yield as well as flow deficit due to the wake ef ect at the surveyed area. The best-performed array generates an annual energy yield up to 12.96 GWh/year (without considering the wake effect); this value is reduced by 0.16 GWh/year when accounting for the energy loss caused by the flow deficit. Moreover, by altering the turbine yaw angle during the flood and ebb tides, the impacts of this factor on the energy extraction are analyzed. This indicates that the turbine array attains the maximum tidal power when the turbine yaw angle is at 346° and 164° (clockwise, to the North) for the spring and neap tide in turns.

• 대한공업교육학회지
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to provide base line data to the educational settings so that more improved occupational core competencies could be taught under the formal curriculum of the technical highschool than before through the inquiry into 'the need for the consolidation of education that principals of technical highschool perceive'. Initial occupational key competencies had been prepared through the literature review on the occupational core competencies and the review on the key competencies by the experts in the field of technical industry had been performed to achieve the purpose of this study. The survey instrument consisting of final 9 occupational key competencies had been developed with the careful consideration for the calculation of the need for the consolidation of education using the Borich's model. The results show that principals for the technical highschool perceive the strong need for the educational consolidation regarding the all 9 occupational core competencies in the whole. However, for the specific key competency of understanding the organization and the mathematical competency, the principals of the technical meister highschool perceive somewhat differently from the principals of the specialized technical highschool. The principals in the meister highschool perceive not much need for the consolidation of education regarding the competency of understanding the organization and the mathematical competency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• v.1
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2006

Busan New Port, under construction aiming for the hub of Northeast Asia and Partly in operation, had damaged up to 48 billion Won due to Typhoon 'maemi' in 2003. The present criteria of domestic harbor design only describes about the critical wave height with respect to the size of vessel for harbor tranquility. The berth operation ratio which represents the annual available berthing days is depending on the efficiency of cargo handling work and this depends on the motion of the moored vessel due to the wave action and the characteristics of cargo gears. The motion of moored vessel might be related not only to the wave height but also to wave period. Furthermore, the berth operation ratio relies on external forces such as currents and winds, including the characteristics of mooring system and the specification of the moored vessel. In this study we only deal with berth operation ratio in normal sea state, considering wave and current by measured data and numerical calculation. Especially we tried to evaluate the berth operation ratio for each berth adopting the variation of dredging and reclamation plan and the change of wave environment during the process of the new port construction. For better understanding and analysis of wave transformation process, we applied the steady state spectral wave model and extended mild-slope wave model to the related site. This study summarizes comparisons of harbor responses predicted by two numerical predictions obtained at Busan New port site. Field and numerical model analysis was conducted for the original port plan and the final corrected plan.

• School Mathematics
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.301-322
• /
• 2016

Even though measurement is an important strand of elementary mathematics education, there has been lack of research in this field. This study analyzed topics related to length and time in a series of mathematics textbooks aligned to 2007 or 2009 revised mathematics curriculum. The analysis was focused on three aspects: (a) overall instructional components of measurement, (b) instructional components specific to the topics of measurement, and (c) key competencies in mathematics. The results of this study showed that many topics dealing with length and time were represented with relation to real-life contexts or other subjects. The meanings of measurement terms and the necessity of calculation were well explained but other aspects still had room for improvement when it comes to the necessity of measurement units, appropriate choice of units, and use of students' common misconceptions. Another noticeable result was that problem solving, communication, and reasoning among key competencies in mathematics have been emphasized in the mathematics textbooks. Based on these results, this study provides textbook writers with implications on what to further consider in dealing with length and time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.220-233
• /
• 2017

Traffic volumes are fundamental data widely used in various traffic analysis, such as origin-and-destination establishment, total traveled kilometer distance calculation, congestion evaluation, and so on. The low number of links collecting the traffic-volume data in a large urban highway network has weakened the quality of the analyses in practice. This study proposes a method to estimate the traffic volume data on a highway link where no collection device is available by introducing a spatial statistic technique with (1) the traffic-volume data from TOPIS, and National Transport Information Center in the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and (2) the navigation data from private navigation. Two different component models were prepared for the interrupted and the uninterrupted flows respectively, due to their different traffic-flow characteristics: the piecewise constant function and the regression kriging. The comparison of the traffic volumes estimated by the proposed method against the ones counted in the field showed that the level of error includes 6.26% in MAPE and 5,410 in RMSE, and thus the prediction error is 20.3% in MAPE.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.367-380
• /
• 2013

In this study, sub-indicators, and thematic mid-indexes to evaluate the water use characteristics were selected through historical data analysis and factor analysis, and consisted of the subject approach framework. And the integrated index was developed to evaluate water use characteristics of the watershed. Using developed index, the water use characteristics were assessed for 812 standard basins with the exception for North Korea using data of 1990 to 2007 from the relevant agencies. A sensitivity analysis is conducted for this study to determine the proper way through various normalization and weighting methods. To increase the objectivity of developed index, the history of the damage indicators are excluded in the analysis. In addition, in order to ensure its reliability, results from index with and without consideration of the damage history were compared. Also, the index is also applied to real data for 2008 Gangwon region to verify its field applicability. Through the validation process this index confirmed the adequacy for the indicators selection and calculation method. The results of this study were analyzed based on the spatial and time vulnerability of the basin's water use, which can be applied to various parts such as priority decision-making for water business or policy, mitigations for the vulnerable components of the basin, and supporting measures to establishment by providing relevant information about it.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2008

Purpose: To observe the high temperature creep test and the fracture surface of the samples of 9% Ni alloy steel generally used for all kinds of mahine parts and predict the durability of that by determining a constant of C with a Larson-Miller variable. Methods: The equipment of this test was made into lever-beam style designed by Andrade and F. Garofalo et al.. The condition of creep test was set under 16 kinds of conditions after fixing 4 kinds of temperature condition and 4 kinds of stress condition to check how it effects the samples. Results: The temperature of creep test was increased, the stress index (n) of creep deformation was gradually decreased from 3.97 to 3.55. The activation energy of creep deformation was decreased from 90.39 to 83.64 kcal/mol when the stress was increased. A constant of C value by calculation of larson-Miller variable was about 22 and if temperature for use is suggested, the durability could be calculated. Conclusions: By analyzing the fracture phenomenon and suggesting the observation result of the fracture surface of the samples and creep test of 9% Ni alloy steel, the basic design data for the practical use of accessories in the field of equipment could be constructed and used to predict the durability of the equipment.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.285-289
• /
• 1995

Purpose : We compared the calcualted percent depth dose curves of 6 MeV electron beam to that of measured to evaluate the usefulness of Monte-carlo simulation method in radiation physics. Materials and Methods : The radiation dose values of 6 MeV electron beam using EGS4 code with one million histories in water were compared values that were measured from the depth dose curve of electron beam irradiated by medical accelerator ML6M. The central axis dose values were calculated according to the changing field size. such as $5{\times}5,\;10{\times}10,\;15{\times}15,\;20{\times}20cm^2$. Results : The value calculated showed a very similar shape to depth dose curve. The calculated and measured value of $D_max$ at $10{\times}10cm^2$ cone is 15mm and 14mm respectively. The calculated value of the surface radiation dose rate is $65.52\%$ and measured one is $76.94\%$. The surface radiation dose rate has varied from $64.43\%$ to $66.99\%$. The calculated values of $D_max$ are in the range between 15mm and 18mm. The calculated value was fitted well with measured value around the $D_max$ area, excluding build up range and below the $90\%$ depth dose area. Conclusion : This result suggested that the calculation of dose value can be replace the direct measurement of the dose for radiation therapy. Also, EGS4 may be a very convenient program to assess the effect of radiation dose using by personal computers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.182-188
• /
• 2016

A decoy is a weapon system that can protect vessels from an enemy's torpedo. Thus, the decoy should be able to operate in the field without any failure. Because the decoy can be inoperable once its sealing is broken and water permeates inside the system, the hermetic sealing capability considering the operational environment is mandatory. To be hermetically sealed, a rubber-type O-ring is generally used in a decoy system. The sealed performance of rubber-type products, however, tends to age and deteriorate with time. Therefore, the O-ring needs to be maintained or changed periodically. This paper proposes a method to estimate the proper maintenance period using the hardness and elongation percentage, which represents the performance of the O-ring product and test data from Accelerated Life Test (ALT) of the product. The O-ring used in this paper is a NBR type, and the temperature was chosen to be the main accelerating factor as referenced in many studies. The criteria for the failure of the O-ring was set for the product to be 50% degraded compared to the initial performance. In addition, the Korean standard KS M 6518 was adopted and referenced for the preparation of test samples and the calculation of estimates. The O-ring's predicted life was simulated by analyzing the test results from a computer program, and the optimized maintenance period for the product was determined.